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44 results for “Coprosma”
Pioneering polyploids: the impact of whole-genome duplication on biome shifting in New Zealand Coprosma (Rubiaceae) and Veronica (Plantaginaceae)
<p>The role of whole-genome duplication in facilitating shifts into novel biomes remains unknown. Focusing on two diverse woody plant groups in New Zealand, <i>Coprosma </i>(Rubiaceae) and <i>Veronica </i>(Plantaginaceae), we investigate how biome occupancy varies with ploidy level, and test the hypothesis that whole-genome duplication increases the rate of biome shifting.</p> <p>Ploidy levels and biome occupancy (forest, open, and alpine) were determined for indigenous species in both clades. The distribution of low ploidy (<i>Coprosma</i>: 2<i>x</i>, <i>Veronica</i>: 6<i>x</i>) vs high ploidy (<i>Coprosma</i>: 4–10<i>x</i>, <i>Veronica</i>: 12–18<i>x</i>) species across biomes was tested statistically. Estimation of the phylogenetic history of biome occupancy and whole-genome duplication was performed using time-calibrated phylogenies and the R package BioGeoBEARS. Trait-dependent dispersal models were implemented to determine support for an increased rate of biome shifting among high ploidy lineages.</p> <p>We find support for a greater than random portion of high ploidy species occupying multiple biomes. We also find strong support for high ploidy taxa showing a three to eight-fold increase in the rate of biome shifts. These results suggest that whole-genome duplication promotes ecological expansion into new biomes.</p>
Pioneering polyploids: the impact of whole-genome duplication on biome shifting in New Zealand Coprosma (Rubiaceae) and Veronica (Plantaginaceae)
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Supplementary material 1 from: Cantley JT, Sporck-Koehler MJ, Chau MM (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6465
Coprosma Morphology Data Matrix : Explanation note: Measurements and notes taken from herbaria specimens.
FIGURES 15–25. Thrips species. T. coprosmae 15–17 in The genus Thrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand
FIGURES 15–25. Thrips species. T. coprosmae 15–17: (15) Head & pronotum; (16) Mesometanota; (17) Tergites & pleurotergites III–IV. T. darwini 18–20: (18) Head & pronotum; (19) Mesometanota; (20) Tergites VII–VIII. T. diana 21–23: (21) Head & pronotum; (22) Mesometanota; (23) Pleurotergites III–IV. T. excaeletus 24–25: (24) Head & pronotum; (25) Mesometanota.
Data from: Disentangling the relative roles of biased colonization and in situ evolution in driving the island syndrome in <em>Coprosma</em> (Rubiaceae)
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Figure 4 from: Wagner W, Lorence D (2011) Revision of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) in the Marquesas Islands. PhytoKeys 4: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1600
Figure 4 - Three new Marquesan Coprosma species. Coprosma fatuhivaensis W. L. Wagner & Lorence A, B branchlets with female flowers (Fatu Hiva, Wood 10137, photos K.R. Wood); Coprosma meyeri W. L. Wagner & Lorence C, D branchlets with male flowers (Hiva Oa, Perlman 18337, photos D. Lorence); Coprosma temetiuensis W. L. Wagner & Lorence E, F branchlets with female flowers(Hiva Oa, Lorence & Dunn 8931, photos D. Lorence).
Figure 2 from: Wagner W, Lorence D (2011) Revision of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) in the Marquesas Islands. PhytoKeys 4: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1600
Figure 2 - Coprosma meyeri W. L. Wagner & Lorence A Flowering branch B Upper stem with young male inflorescences C Male flowers and inflorescence nodes showing the stipules with dentate margin with a few conspicuous colleters and ciliate D Young male flower E Male flower (corolla and stamens only) F Upper part of stamen. Drawn from the type collection (Perlman 18337) and field images.
Figure 1 from: Wagner W, Lorence D (2011) Revision of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) in the Marquesas Islands. PhytoKeys 4: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1600
Figure 1 - Coprosma fatuhivaensis W. L. Wagner & Lorence A Flowering branch B Lower surface of leaf portion showing domatia C Upper stem with female inflorescences D Female flowers E Longitudinal section of ovary showing basal ovules. Drawn from the type collection (Wood 10137) and field images.
Figure 3 from: Wagner W, Lorence D (2011) Revision of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) in the Marquesas Islands. PhytoKeys 4: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1600
Figure 3 - Coprosma temetiuensis W. L. Wagner & Lorence A Flowering branch B Lower surface of leaf portion showing domatia C Upper stem with female inflorescences D Female inflorence E Female flower F Longitudinal section of developing fruit showing young basal seeds. Drawn from the type collection (Lorence et al. 8931) and field images.
Figure 9 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 9 - Photographs of Gymnanthemum: A Gymnanthemum corymbosum (Thunb.) H. Rob. B–D Gymnanthemum capense (A. Spreng.) J. C. Manning & N. Swelankomo. See Appendix C for citation details.
Figure 6 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 6 - Photographs of Distephanus: A–F Distephanus divaricatus (Steetz) H. Rob. & B.Kahn; G–H Distephanus anisochaetoides (Sond.) H. Rob. & B.Kahn. Note the variable flower color in Distephanus divaricatus. Note: trinervate veination, lack of lavender corollas and presence of yellow and orange. See Appendix C for citation details.
Figure 5 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 5 - Photographs of Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob: A Inflorescence, B habit, C Close up of heads in fruit. See Appendix C for citation details.
Figure 4 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 4 - Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed pollen of echinolophate Bothriocline and Cyanthillium and sublophate-lophate Distephanus. A–C Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth. A Equatorial view, note incipient colpus of 3 connected lacunae centered on pore B Near polar view C Fractured grain D–F Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. D Equatorial view E Lateral view with apertures on sides F Lateral view G–I Distephanus angustifolia (DC.) H Rob. & B. Kahn. G Polar view H Equatorial view I Lateral view. (A-C, F. Meyer 8159; D-F, Evans 344; G-I, Sidley 2211).
Figure 8 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 8 - Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed echinolophate pollen of Erlangea and sublophate pollen of Ethulia. A–C Erlangea misera (Oliv. & Hiern) S. Moore. A Poral view B Near polar view C Grain fragment. D–F Ethulia conzyoides L.f. D Equatorial view, showing comparatively blunt spines E Lateral view F Grain fragment. (D–F Funk 12708 G Petelot 4047 H Lewis 6025; Ethulia views from Robinson and Skvarla (2010)).
Figure 7 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 7 - Photographs of Erlangea and Ethulia: A–B Erlangea misera S. Moore, and C–E Ethulia conyzoides L.f. subsp. conyzoides, note: Ethulia has no capillary pappus. See Appendix C for citation details.
Figure 3 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 3 - Scanning electron electron micrographs from three collections of acetolyzed echinolophate Baccharoides pollen showing variations in spine shape from acute to markedly blunt. A–H. Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench. A polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Near polar view E Equatorial view F Fractured grain G Lateral view H Equatorial view I Fractured grain. (A–C, USDA P.I. 283729; D–F, Cooray 70031701R; G–I, Koelz 7469). [Views from Robinson and Skvarla (2010); Figure 1 B = original Figure 1G; Figure 1C = original Figure 1H; and Figure 1H = original Figure 1J.]
Figure 27 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 27 - A–D Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed sublophate pollen of Vernonia potamaphylla Klatt. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Lateral view D Grain fragment. From Killick & Leistner 3277.
Figure 26 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 26 - Illustration of Vernonia potamaphylla Klatt. See Appendix C for citation details. 1 Habit showing pinnate leaf veination 2 Involucral bracts showing keel and dark line 3 Floret with immature achene 4 Corolla opened longitudinally 5 Anthers 6 Style 7 Achene with pappus 8 Enlarged pappus bristle.
Figure 25 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 25 - Scanning electron micrographs of Vernonella and Vernoniastrum. A–C Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed sublophate-echinolophate pollen of Vernonella africana Sond. A Polar view B Equatorial view C Oblique polar view. A–C from Wood 753. D–I Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed echinolophate pollen of Vernoniastrum nestor (S. Moore) H. Rob., showing diversity of lacunae and lophae. D–H Oblique and near polar views showing apertures in markedly long lacunae with irregular lophae H Lateral view with apertures (arrows) occupying long lacunar spaces I Enlarged section of surface showing columellae in irregular rows under muri). D–I from Reekmans 9185.
Figure 23 from: Robinson H, Skvarla JJ, Funk VA (2016) New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui. PhytoKeys 60: 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734
Figure 23 - Photographs of Pseudopegolettia and Vernoniastrum: A–C Pseudopegolettia tenella (DC.) H. Rob., D–E Pseudopegolettia thodei (Phillips) H. Rob., Skvarla & V.A. Funk, note: images show the leafy stem of Pseudopegolettia tenella and the succulent basal leaves of Pseudopegolettia thodei; F–G Vernoniastrum latifolium (Steetz in Peters) H. Rob.. See Appendix C for citation details.
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