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69 results for “Coral bleaching”
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Dead coral skeletons impair key recovery processes following coral bleaching; data for Kopecky et al., 2024 Global Change Biology
The data included in this data package were collected on the North shore of Moorea, French Polynesia, from 2015-2023 to explore how dead coral skeletons (e.g,, left after coral bleaching events) influence critical processes tied to coral reef resilience. Together, these various datasets were used for analyses in the manuscript entitled "Changing disturbance regimes, material legacies, and stabilizing feedbacks: dead coral skeletons impair key recovery processes following coral bleaching", published in Global Change Biology. These data are in support of a publication Kopecky et al. (2024) Global Change Biology, and were a part of the thesis of K. Kopecky. The manuscript title and author list are as follows: Changing disturbance regimes, material legacies, and stabilizing feedbacks: dead coral skeletons impair key recovery processes following coral bleaching. Kai Kopecky, Russell J. Schmitt, Sally J. Holbrook. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 22-24354 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2024). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Quantifying 2019 coral bleaching; data for Kopecky et al., 2023 Remote Sensing
This data package contains a dataset generated using image AI-assisted image segmentation of live and dead corals within ortho-photomosaics of benthic reef habitat on the North shore fore reef of Moorea, French Polynesia. The orthophotomosaics were produced through a rigorous method of underwater photogrammetry that allowed for spatial and temporal co-registration of ortho-photomosaics of the same location over time (for full photogrammetric methods, see Nocerino et al. 2020: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12183036). Using the image segmentation software, TagLab (see Pavoni et al. 2021: https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.22049), we quantified live and dead coral before and after a bleaching event to estimate the amount of coral loss as a result of this event. This data package also contains code necessary to conduct the analyses of the dataset described above and create data visualizations used in the manuscript “Quantifying the Loss of Coral from a Bleaching Event Using Underwater Photogrammetry and AI-Assisted Image Segmentation”, published in the journal Remote Sensing in 2023, and as part of the dissertation of K. Kopecky. Analyses of these data and full methods descriptions can be found at https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164077. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 22-24354 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2024). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coral bleaching with nitrogen and heat stress: 2016 data in support of Donovan et al. submitted to PNAS
During 2016, maximum water temperature in the lagoons of Moorea exceeded a threshold for heat stress for 70 straight days from early February through mid-April. In early May 2016, at the peak of accumulated heat stress, coral bleaching surveys were conducted to test the hypothesis that bleaching prevalence and severity were correlated with differences in heat stress and nutrient availability. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2019). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reefs: Coral bleaching and mortality in July 2019; data for Speare et al. 2021 Global Change Biology
These data are from field surveys conducted at seven sites at 10m depth on the outer reef of Mo’orea following a marine heatwave and coral bleaching event in the Austral Summer of 2019. These data describe the size, percent of the colony that was bleached, and the percent of the colony that recently dead for corals in the genera Acropora and Pocillopora. At six sites (LTER 1-6) coral colony size was quantified using ordinal size bins and observers collected data on all coral colonies > 5cm diameter. At one site on the north shore of Mo’orea (LTER Experimental Site) coral colony size was measured to the nearest centimeter. At this site researchers did two separate sets of surveys, one to collect data on all corals > 5cm diameter, and one to collect data on all individuals ≤ 5cm diameter. Additionally, data on survivorship of newly-settled coral recruits on coral settlement tiles are included. Tiles were deployed at 10m depth at one site on the outer reef of Moorea. Survivorship of coral recruits between March and July was assessed in 2017 and 2019. These data are in support of a publication Speare et al. (2021) Global Change Biology. The manuscript title and author list are as follows: Size-dependent mortality of corals during marine heatwave erodes recovery capacity of a coral reef. Kelly E. Speare, Thomas C. Adam, Erin M. Winslow, Hunter S. Lenihan, Deron E. Burkepile This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2021). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
Data from 'Deoxygenation lowers thermal threshold of coral bleaching.'
<p>Increasing exposure to deoxygenation as a result of climate warming and localised pollution is emerging as an important contributing factor for widespread coral bleaching and mortality. Some corals have been observed to thrive under multiple extreme conditions including very low O<sub>2</sub> levels and high temperatures yet the combined effects of heating and deoxygenation on coral bleaching susceptibility remain unknown. Here, we incorporated deoxygenated seawater into short-term heat assays (CBASS) to show that deoxygenation can lower the thermal limit of an <em>Acropora</em> coral species. </p> <p>Data files provided:</p> <p>'CBASS_deoxy_ref_transcriptome.fasta' contains the reference transcriptome assembled <em>de novo</em> using SOAPdenovo-Trans using non-bleached samples of the CBASS assay (i.e., 30°C and 33°C) and then filtered to keep only reads ≥ 500 bp in length (20,115 contigs).</p> <p>'CBASS_deoxy_BIS_photos_Initial_and_poststress.pdf' contains images of coral fragments alongside a colour reference chart for estimating bleaching index scores (BIS) before experiment starts (initial) and post 6hr stress phase. Sample IDs are denoted as: H0/HH = normoxia/deoxygenation treatment, 30/33/36/39 = temperature in °C, T1 = time point 1, R1/2/3/4 = replicate 1/2/3/4.</p> <p>'CBASS_deoxy_SymPortal_output_files.zip' contains all SymPortal (https://symportal.org) output files.</p>
Suppl. Information to "The tropical coral Pocillopora acuta displays an unusual chromatin structure and shows histone H3 clipping plasticity upon bleaching"
<p><strong>Supplementary File 1:</strong> Multiple alignment for protein sequences of core histones with Pocillopora acuta, Pocillopora damicornis, Acropora digitifera, Nematostella vectensis, Hydra vulgaris, Schistosoma mansoni and Mus musculus. A. Histone H2A; B. Histone H2B; C. Histone H3; D. Histone H4. An asterisk (*) means that the amino acid is conserved between all species.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary File 2</strong>: Original (uncropped and unedited) images used for Figures 1 to 4.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary File 3:</strong> <em>P. acuta</em> nuclei and <em>Symbiodinium</em> count on a Thoma cell counting chamber done over three different nuclei extractions. For each extraction, two counts were performed. P. acuta nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 and display a blue fluorescence at 350 nm. Symbiodinium are not damaged by our extraction method and are not permeable to Hoechst. They display a red fluorescence because of their chlorophyl content. Observations were done on a Leica DMLB with objective PL Fluotar 40x and 100x. A text version of the data in the Excel file below.</p> <p>Extraction #1 replicate 1: 102 <em>P. acuta</em> nuclei (Blue) ; 2 <em>Symbiodinium</em> (Red)<br> Extraction #1 replicate 2: 112 <em>P. acuta</em> nuclei (Blue) ; 2 <em>Symbiodinium</em> (Red)</p> <p>Extraction #1 replicate 1: 42 <em>P. acuta </em>nuclei (Blue) ; 0 <em>Symbiodinium</em> (Red)<br> Extraction #1 replicate 2: 55 <em>P. acuta </em>nuclei (Blue) ; 1 <em>Symbiodinium</em> (Red)</p> <p>Extraction #1 replicate 1: 215 <em>P. acuta </em>nuclei (Blue) ; 3 <em>Symbiodinium</em> (Red)<br> Extraction #1 replicate 2: 257 <em>P. acuta</em> nuclei (Blue) ; 5 <em>Symbiodinium</em> (Red)</p> <p>Made at IHPE.</p>
Scott Reef and Rowley Shoals Coral Bleaching Data
Coral reefs have evolved over millennia to survive disturbances. Yet, in just a few decades chronic local pressures and the climate catastrophe have accelerated so quickly that most coral reefs are now threatened. Rising ocean temperatures and recurrent bleaching pose the biggest threat, affecting even remote and well-managed reefs on global scales. We illustrate how coral bleaching is altering reefs by contrasting the dynamics of adjacent reef systems over more than two decades. Both reef systems sit near the edge of the northwest Australia’s continental shelf, have escaped chronic local pressures and are regularly affected by tropical storms and cyclones. The Scott reef system has experienced multiple bleaching events, including mass bleaching in 1998 and 2016, from which it is unlikely to fully recover. The Rowley Shoals has maintained a high cover and diversity of corals and has not yet been impacted by mass bleaching. We show how the dynamics of both reef systems were driven by a combination of local environment, exposure to disturbances and coral life history traits, and consider future shifts in community structure with ongoing climate change. We then demonstrate how applying knowledge of community dynamics at local scales can aid management strategies to slow the degradation of coral reefs until carbon emissions and other human impacts are properly managed.
MCR LTER: Nitrogen source drives differential impacts of nutrients on coral bleaching prevalence, duration, and mortality
Data are from an 18-month field experiment on the fore reef of Moorea, testing how different forms of nitrogen (nitrate vs. urea) impact coral bleaching and mortality during two mild thermal stress events in the Austral summers of 2016 and 2017. These data are associated with a manuscript currently in review at Ecosystems. Tentative mansucript title and author list are: Nitrogen source drives differential impacts of nutrients on coral bleaching prevalence, duration, and mortality Deron E. Burkepile, Andrew A. Shantz, Thomas C. Adam, Katrina S. Munsterman, Kelly E. Speare, Mark C. Ladd, Mallory M. Rice, Shelby McIlroy, Andrew J. Brooks, Russell J. Schmitt, and Sally J. Holbrook These data are part of the NSF project: RAPID: How does nutrient availability alter coral bleaching, mortality, and recovery on Moorea coral reefs? (funded wholly or part by NSF Awards OCE-1619697).
Should I stay or should I go? Coral bleaching from the symbionts' perspective
<p>Code to replicate figures in Should I Stay or Should I Go?</p>
High resolution global mass coral bleaching dataset Version 2.0
<p>This two-part database is version 2.0 of the global mass coral bleaching database presented in <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0175490">Donner et al. (2017)</a>. The updated database is documented in <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0281719">Virgen-Urcelay and Donner (2023)</a>.</p><p>The first part is a spreadsheet listing raw bleaching observations from 1963 to 2017, developed through outreach to the coral reef research and monitoring community and from observations available in the literature. The spreadsheet in .xlsx format lists each individual bleaching observation and a database legend (see "README").</p><p>The second part is the annual probability of bleaching occurrence in a given year between 1985 and 2017 at 0.05° X 0.05° latitude-longitude resolution for all warmwater reef cells, developed via spatial modelling. Probabilities were not estimated for years in which there were no reports or the modeled semi-variograms failed to converge due to the low number of bleaching observations that year. The annual gridded maps are provided in .geotiff format within the zip file.</p><p>Please consult the manuscript and the authors before employing this data.</p>
Coral cover and coral bleaching in the Gulf of Chiriqui
<p><strong>Coral cover and coral bleaching in the Gulf of Chiriqui</strong></p> <p><strong>Description</strong>: This repository compiles and analyzes coral cover, bleaching and mortality data from 1980-2018.</p> <p><strong>Content</strong>:</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>1.Uva_cover.Rmd:</strong> Script for coral cover data analysis</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>2.Chiriqui_Bleaching.Rmd:</strong> Script for coral bleaching data analysis</p> </li> <li>BleachingData: Directory containing data files in .csv format with the bleaching proportions in the Gulf of Chiriqui</li> <li>CoverData: Directory containing data files in .csv format with the coral cover data in the Gulf of Chiriqui</li> <li>Outputs: Directory containing figure files and multicomparison results. <ul> <li>Figure 1b</li> <li>Figure 2</li> <li>Figure S1</li> <li>Figure S2</li> <li>Figure S3</li> <li>Figure S4</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Fig. 5 in Histopatological effects of bleaching and disease on the coral Siderastrea stellata from coastal reefs of Brazil
Fig. 5. Degraded reproductive structures of Siderastrea stellata Verrill, 1868: a-b, stage V oocytes from healthy sample; c, spermatids from white plague disease samples; d, mesenteric filaments from bleached sample. Note in (d) black arrow points tonecrosis of mesenteric filaments.
Fig. 4 in Histopatological effects of bleaching and disease on the coral Siderastrea stellata from coastal reefs of Brazil
Fig. 4. Comparison of mean densities of zooXanthellae per 100 µm2 of gastrodermis between healthy samples, bleached, white plague diseased and colonies of coral Siderastrea stellata Verrill, 1868 with pigmentation pattern altered (PPA).
Fig. 2. Siderastrea stellata Verrill, 1868 in Histopatological effects of bleaching and disease on the coral Siderastrea stellata from coastal reefs of Brazil
Fig. 2. Siderastrea stellata Verrill, 1868 colonies healthy conditions (a), bleached (b), white plague disease (c), and colonies with pigmentation pattern altered (PPA) (d). And their respective histological sections, stained in H & E: a.1, healthy body wall epithelial layers; b.1, body wall with gastrodermis and mucus laden calicodermis, black arrow pointing to necrosis of gastrodermis, and red arrow pointing to mucocytes promote hyperplasia of the mesoglea; c.1, epithelium disrupted and presence of many mucocytes (black arrow), and focal vacuolation of gastrodermis (red arrow); d.1, basal body wall with calicodermis, and necrosis of eternal epithelium (black arrow).
Fig. 3 in Histopatological effects of bleaching and disease on the coral Siderastrea stellata from coastal reefs of Brazil
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of organisms associated with bleached sample (a) black arrow is pointing to diatom (see striated frustule) on the surface of corals. The epidermis is atrophied and cuboidal and gastrodermis is bereft of zooXanthellae (atrophy) and markedly vacuolated; b, dead autolyzed tissue with another likely diatom (black arrow); c-d, dissociated tissues with fungal hyphae (black arrow); d, shows fungal hyphae (black arrow) invading coral tissue with necrosis.
Data from: Rapid shift in benthic assemblages following coral bleaching at an upper mesophotic habitat in Taiwan
<p>Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs; typically, 30–150 m depths) have traditionally been considered potential refuges for shallow-water organisms, but recent evidence suggests that this role is context-dependent. Here, we document a singular habitat at the upper mesophotic depth (- 30 m) in Xiaoliuqiu, Taiwan, and assess the changes in the benthic assemblage one year after a heatwave affected the reefs. In the habitat studied, abundant branching depth-specialist corals were found free-living and thriving on the sandy-rubble bottom amidst dense filamentous turf algae. In 2022, 63.6% of the corals were observed bleached, which was associated with severe heat stress affecting shallow reefs. The dominant coral at the time, <em>Acropora tenella</em>, suffered the most from the bleaching, with only 9.7% of its population remaining healthy. After one year, there was a noticeable shift in dominance from <em>A. tenella</em> to the previously cryptic <em>Anacropora</em> spp. without an obvious change in coral cover. We hypothesize that this rapid shift is driven by <em>Anacropora</em> spp., benefiting from the dense canopy provided by <em>A. tenella</em>. This suggests that the composition of understory organisms may play an important role in the resilience of some reefs affected by disturbance. The characteristics of this habitat, which consists mainly of deep-water specialists, and its susceptibility to stressors indicate that this habitat is unlikely to serve as a refuge for most shallow-water taxa. Our findings reinforce that the effectiveness of MCEs as refuges is not universal, and emphasize the importance of incorporating these unique habitats into conservation strategies and gaining a deeper understanding of their functions before they are lost.</p>
gonzaloprb/Deep_Bleaching_French_Polynesia: Mesophotic coral communities escape thermal coral bleaching in French Polynesia
<p>Mesophotic coral communities escape thermal coral bleaching in French Polynesia</p> <p>Ecological assessment of coral bleaching along an extreme depth gradient (6-90 m) in French Polynesia.</p> <p>Unique Rmarkdown "Code_and_Analysis" to generate all analysis and figures. Including Supplementary figures.</p> <p>Date: 17/08/2021</p>
Le Morne drone survey 2019 (Coral bleaching event)
<p>Drone images collected by DJI Mavic Pro of the Morne lagoon (Mauritius) and reef during a coral bleaching event in 2019</p> <p>Transects flights, could be use in photogrammetry software.</p>
Recurring bleaching events disrupt the spatial properties of coral reef benthic communities across scales
<p>Marine heatwaves are causing recurring coral bleaching events on tropical reefs that are driving ecosystem change. Yet little is known about how bleaching and subsequent coral mortality impacts the spatial properties of tropical seascapes, such as patterns of organism spatial clustering and heterogeneity across scales. Changes in these spatial properties can offer insight into ecosystem recovery potential following disturbance. Here we repeatedly quantified coral reef benthic spatial properties around the circumference of an uninhabited tropical island in the central Pacific over a 9-year period that included a minor and severe marine heatwave. Benthic communities showed increased biotic homogenisation following both minor and mass bleaching, becoming more taxonomically similar with less diverse intra-island community composition. Hard coral cover, which was highly spatially clustered around the island prior to bleaching, became less spatially clustered following minor bleaching and was indiscernible from a random distribution across all scales (100–2000 m) following mass bleaching. Interestingly, the reduced degree of hard coral cover spatial clustering was already evident by the onset of mass bleaching and before any dramatic wholesale loss in island-mean coral cover occurred. Reductions in hard coral spatial clustering may therefore offer an early indication of the ecosystem becoming degraded prior to mass coral mortality. In contrast, the spatial clustering of competitive fleshy macroalgae remained unchanged through both bleaching events, while crustose coralline algae and fleshy turf algae became more spatially clustered at larger scales (200–700 m) following mass bleaching. Overall, benthic community spatial patterning became less predictable following bleaching and was no longer reflective of gradients in long-term environmental drivers that typically structure these remote reefs. Our findings provide novel insights into how climate-driven marine heatwaves can impact the spatial properties of coral reef communities over multiple scales.</p>
Data from: Rapid shift in benthic assemblages following coral bleaching at an upper mesophotic habitat in Taiwan
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