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5 results for “Costs of thermoregulation”
Data from: The two environmental drivers of thermoregulatory costs: Interactions between thermal mean and heterogeneity influence thermoregulation
<p>Ectotherms often thermoregulate behaviourally within variable thermal environments in their attempts to acquire optimal body temperatures. Thermoregulation accrues benefits, but also incurs costs, which are crucial for understanding thermoregulatory behaviour. Costs of thermoregulating are influenced by two key attributes of the thermal environment – heterogeneity of thermal microhabitats and the deviation of the mean temperature from an animal's preferred temperature. However, empirical research has rarely distinguished between these two drivers of thermoregulatory costs or examined them concurrently.</p> <p>Our experiment used a novel thermoregulatory arena to examine the independent and interactive effects of the two environmental drivers of costs of thermoregulation on the thermoregulatory behaviour of a small ectotherm, the jacky dragon (<em>Amphibolurus muricatus</em>).</p> <p>Following previous theory we predicted that i) thermoregulation would be higher in environments with greater thermal heterogeneity (body temperatures closer to preferred temperatures, higher thermoregulatory accuracy, and higher effectiveness of thermoregulation); and ii) changes in thermoregulation as a function of mean environmental temperatures would differ depending on thermal heterogeneity.</p> <p>We found support for our prediction that these two environmental attributes had an interactive effect on thermoregulation, but not for our prediction that thermal heterogeneity would impact thermoregulation independently. Individuals in highly heterogeneous environments maintained greater thermoregulatory accuracy compared with those in less heterogeneous environments as the mean environment increasingly deviated from the preferred temperature range.</p> <p>The results emphasise the crucial conceptual distinction between thermal mean and heterogeneity as drivers of thermoregulatory costs and how this distinction underpins variation in the thermal behaviour of ectotherms.</p>
Cardiovascular contributions and energetic costs of thermoregulation in ectothermic vertebrates
<p>Unfiltered data used in the manuscript with file descriptions. Includes R script and example datasets for reproducing figure 1, as well as animating figure 1 for the box turtle and painted turtle (body temperature - black solid line, ambient temperature - black dotted line, and heart rate - red solid line).</p>
Data from: The two environmental drivers of thermoregulatory costs: Interactions between thermal mean and heterogeneity influence thermoregulation
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Data from: Lizards paid a greater opportunity cost to thermoregulate in a less heterogeneous environment
The theory of thermoregulation has developed slowly, hampering efforts to predict how individuals can buffer climate change through behaviour. Mixed results of field and laboratory experiments underscore the need to test hypotheses about thermoregulation explicitly, while measuring costs and benefits in different thermal landscapes. We simulated body temperature and energy expenditure of a virtual lizard that either thermoregulates optimally or thermoconforms in a landscape of either low or high quality (one or four basking sites, respectively). We then compare the predicted values in each landscape with the observed values for real lizards in experimental arenas. Lizards thermoregulated more accurately in the high-quality landscape than they did on the low-quality landscape, albeit only slightly so, but spent similar amounts of energy in these landscapes. Basking, rather than shuttling between heat sources, accounted for the majority of the energy consumed in both landscapes. These results did not support the predictions of our model. In the low-quality landscape, real lizards thermoregulated intensely despite the potential to save energy by thermoconforming. In the high-quality landscape, lizards moved more than expected, suggesting that lizards explored their surroundings despite being able to thermoregulate without doing so. Our results suggest that non-energetic benefits drive thermoregulatory behaviour in costly environments, despite the missed opportunities arising from thermoregulation. We propose that energetic costs associated with thermoregulatory movement will become substantial in homogeneous environments such as flat plains and dense forests. The theory of thermoregulation should incorporate these aspects if biologists wish to predict responses of ectotherms to changing climates and habitats.
Data from: Lizards paid a greater opportunity cost to thermoregulate in a less heterogeneous environment
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