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Figures 28–36 in A new species of Craspedostauros (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden, with taxonomic and ecological notes on Craspedostauros laevissimus

Figures 28–36: Scanning electron micrographs of Craspedostauros cf. laevissimus. (28) Internal side of two valves with different outline and size. (29) External side of the valve exhibiting weakly inflated central part and a slight undulation of valve face. (30) Valve interior showing the stauros occupying the middle part of the central area, and the simple elongated proximal raphe endings. (31) External central area with the elongated proximal raphe endings. (32) Internal valve pole showing raphe distal ending and striae spreading around all valve apex. (33) External valve pole with the curved raphe distal ending. (34) Rounded areolae with cribral pores, note the equal size pf peripheral and central pores. (35) Frustule in girdle view. (36) Enlarged part of the frustule showing a cingular band with numerous longitudinal rows of variable sized elongated areolae. Scale bars: (28, 29, 35) 10 μm; (30, 31, 32, 33, 36) 2 μm; (34) 1 μm.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Figures 18–27 in A new species of Craspedostauros (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden, with taxonomic and ecological notes on Craspedostauros laevissimus

Figures 18–27: Scanning electron micrographs of Craspedostauros lateralis sp. nov. (18) Valve in internal view. (19) External side of the valve. (20) Middle part of the valve interior showing the depressed areas on both sides of the axial area (arrows) and the characteristic triangular constriction of the valve which is an extension of the central area (fascia). (21) The two irregular hyaline areas (arrows) which form the junction line between valve face and the mantle. (22) Internal side of the valve pole exhibiting the distal raphe ending. (23) External side of the valve pole with the curved distal raphe ending. (24) Elongated areolae on both sides of the axial area with numerous cribral pores. (25) External openings of the areolae with 4–5 peripheral cribral pores. (26) Valve in girdle view. (27) Internal side of the valve showing the folded marginal silica flap and the dome-like central helicoglossa (arrow). Scale bars: 18, 19,26) 8 μm; (20,21, 22, 23, 27) 2 μm; (24, 25) 0.8 μm.

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Figures 1–17 in A new species of Craspedostauros (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden, with taxonomic and ecological notes on Craspedostauros laevissimus

Figures 1–17: Light micrographs of Craspedostauros lateralis sp. nov. and C. cf. laevissimus of different sizes. (1–9) Craspedostauros lateralis. (1–8) Showing the distinct constriction of the valve and the shape of the stauros. (9) A small valve with elliptic outline. (10–17) Craspedostauros cf. laevissimus. (10–12) Valves with parallel margins. (13, 14) Valves with slightly inflated valve halves. (15) Valve with slightly swollen at the centre. (16) Small elliptic valve. (17) Frustule in girdle view showing constriction and cingular bands. Scale bars = 10 μm.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Gliding motility of the diatom Craspedostauros australis correlates with the intracellular movement of raphid-specific myosins

Abstract: Raphid diatoms are one of the few eukaryotes capable of gliding motility, which is remarkably fast and allows for quasi-instantaneous directional reversals. Besides other mechanistic models, it has been suggested that an actomyosin system provides the force for diatom gliding. However, in vivo data on the dynamics of actin and myosin in diatoms are lacking. In this study we demonstrate that the raphe-associated actin bundles required for diatom movement do not exhibit a directional turnover of subunits and thus their dynamics do not contribute directly to force generation. By phylogenomic analysis we identified four raphid diatom-specific myosins in Craspedostauros australis (CaMyoA-D) and investigated their in vivo localization and dynamics through GFP-tagging. Only CaMyoB-D but not CaMyoA exhibited coordinated movement during gliding, consistent with a role in force generation. The characterization of raphid diatom-specific myosins lays the foundation for unraveling the molecular mechanisms that underlie the gliding motility of diatoms. This dataset contains all microscopy data used for confocal and TIRFM imaging, with all additional elements required to reproduce figures in the manuscript "Gliding motility of the diatom Craspedostauros australis correlates with the intracellular movement of raphid-specific myosins". The dataset also contains code used to generate plots and analyze microscopy data, as well as protein sequences and code used to generate the phylogenomic tree in the paper.

FIGURES 9 –9 in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURES 9 –9. Reproductions of the original drawings of Tropidoneis laevissima, Stauroneis charcotii and Amphora liouvillei. 91. Tropidoneis laevissima, as presented in West & West (1911: pl. XXVI, figs 115–119). Note that no scale bar was given originally. 92. Stauroneis charcotii and Amphora liouvillei, as presented in Peragallo (1921: pl. II). Fig. 17a, b refers to S. charcotii, and fig. 28 refers to A. liouvillei, as on pl. II in Peragallo (1921). Scale bar = 100 µm (Fig. 92).

FIGURES 57–59 in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURES 57–59. SEM images of Craspedostauros laevissimus from the type material of Navicula skuae (sample collected by B.Fumanti on 25 December 1989, RO Herbarium Generale, Rome, Italy, for more details see Kochman-Kędziora et al. 2020). 57. External valve view. 58. Internal valve view. 59. Detail of the valve interior, showing the stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded areolar openings internally. Scale bars = 5 µm (Figs 57, 58); 1 µm (Fig. 59).

FIGURES 5 –56 in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURES 5 –56. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 52. Internal valve view. 53. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros on a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded to elliptic internal areolar openings. Arrow shows an areola with seven central pores, visible internally. 54. Close up of the apex with the pores of cribrate areolae internally (arrows). 55. Close up of the central area of another valve of the same population, showing once again the narrow stauros, the internal central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and rounded internal areolar openings. 56. Close up of the apex with rounded to elliptic and even somewhat irregular in shape internal areolar openings. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 52); 1 μm (Figs 53–56).

FIGURES 86–90 in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURES 86–90. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. and C. laevissimus from several populations from Livingston Island. 86. External valve view of Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample LT10). 87. Close up of the striae of the same valve, showing the occasionally present enlarged areolae near the raphe, without central pores (arrow). Note the density of areolae in comparison to Fig. 88 below. 88–90. Close ups of the central area (Fig. 88) and apices (Figs 88–90) of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample MO'), showing the typically enlarged cribrate areolae near the raphe, usually with several central pores. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 86); 1 μm (Figs 87–90).

FIGURES 60–85 in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURES 60–85. LM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. and C. laevissimus from several populations from Livingston Island. 60–67. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample DNA5). 68–77. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample LT6). 78–79. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (sample MO'), Fig. 78 showing a frustule with numerous copulae in girdle view. 80–84. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample LT10). 85. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 13). Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 5 in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURES 5–. SEM images of Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 11). 35. External valve view showing the distal raphe endings and the curved central raphe endings. Note the areolae, clearly having one, or no central pore (arrows). 36. External valve view of one apex with bent, and the second apex with almost hooked distal raphe ending. 37. Close up of the central area of the same valve, showing that no central pores are present in cribrate areolae. 38. Close up of the apex of the same valve with the distal raphe ending and areolae. 39. External valve view with bent distal raphe endings. 40. Close up of the central area. Arrows showing the presence of areolae with no central pore or with one central pore, and four or five peripheral pores. 41. Close up of the apex of the same valve showing a cribrate areola with two central pores (arrow). Note also the presence of areolae with four or five peripheral pores, but lacking a central pore, or having only one central pore (black arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 35, 36, 39); 1 μm (Figs 37, 38, 41).

FIGURES 8–5 in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURES 8–5. SEM images of Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. from the type population (sample 14). 48. External valve view. 49. Close up of the central area with drop-like expanded central raphe endings and cribrate areolae. Note that areolae near the raphe are clearly larger than the others (arrow) and having one to three central pores. 50. Close up of the apex of the same valve with the hooked distal raphe ending and areolae around the apex. 51. External valve view, showing once again the hooked distal raphe endings and the enlarged areolae near the raphe. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 48, 51); 1 μm (Figs 49, 50).

FIGURES 9 in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURES 9–. SEM images of Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 11). 29. External valve view. 30. Close up of the central area of the same valve showing the expanded central raphe endings and cribrate areolae. 31. Close up of the apex of the same valve showing the bent and expanded distal raphe endings and a cribrate areola with two central pores (white arrow). Note the presence of areolae and pores around the raphe endings on the apex (black arrows). 32. External valve view. 33. Same valve, close up of the central area with the expanded and slightly curved central raphe endings. Arrow shows a cribrate areola with three central pores. 34. Same valve, close up of the apex with white arrows showing the presence of both areolae with and without central pores. Note also the presence of areolae and pores on the apex (black arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 29, 32); 1 μm (Figs 30, 31, 33–34).

FIGURES – 7. SEM images of Craspedostauros laevissimus from different populations. 42. Close up of the central area externally, showing the weakly expanded central raphe endings and the cribrate areolae with usually four to five peripheral pores and up to one central pore (sample 13). 43. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros located in a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa, and the rounded to rectangular areolar openings internally (sample 13). 44. Close up of the apex, showing the bent distal raphe endings, cribrate areoale with up to six peripheral pores and up to two central pores (sample 13). 45. Close ups of both the valve exterior and interior (sample 11), showing the weakly expanded central raphe endings externally; the areolae near the raphe with usually four to five peripheral pores and one central pore; the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded areolar openings internally. 46. Internal valve view, showing the narrow transverse rib of silica at the valve center (strauros) and the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa (sample 11). 47. Close up of the apex of the same valve internally, showing the rounded to square or rectangular areolar openings (sample 11). Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 46); 1 μm (Figs 42–45,47). in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURES – 7. SEM images of Craspedostauros laevissimus from different populations. 42. Close up of the central area externally, showing the weakly expanded central raphe endings and the cribrate areolae with usually four to five peripheral pores and up to one central pore (sample 13). 43. Close up of the central area internally, showing the narrow stauros located in a wider hyaline area, the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa, and the rounded to rectangular areolar openings internally (sample 13). 44. Close up of the apex, showing the bent distal raphe endings, cribrate areoale with up to six peripheral pores and up to two central pores (sample 13). 45. Close ups of both the valve exterior and interior (sample 11), showing the weakly expanded central raphe endings externally; the areolae near the raphe with usually four to five peripheral pores and one central pore; the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa and the rounded areolar openings internally. 46. Internal valve view, showing the narrow transverse rib of silica at the valve center (strauros) and the central raphe endings with double helictoglossa (sample 11). 47. Close up of the apex of the same valve internally, showing the rounded to square or rectangular areolar openings (sample 11). Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 46); 1 μm (Figs 42–45,47).

FIGURES – 8. LM images of Craspedostauros laevissimus and C. confusus sp. nov. 2–8. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 11). 9–18. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 13). 19–26. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (type population, sample 14). 27. Craspedostauros laevissimus (enlarged view of Fig. 4, sample 11). 28. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (enlarged view of Fig. 22, type specimen). Scale bars = 10 µm. in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURES – 8. LM images of Craspedostauros laevissimus and C. confusus sp. nov. 2–8. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 11). 9–18. Craspedostauros laevissimus (sample 13). 19–26. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (type population, sample 14). 27. Craspedostauros laevissimus (enlarged view of Fig. 4, sample 11). 28. Craspedostauros confusus sp. nov. (enlarged view of Fig. 22, type specimen). Scale bars = 10 µm.

FIGURE. Map of the region and sampling area showing the relative position of Livingston Island to Antarctic Peninsula (A), and the main sampling locations (B): 1—Hannah Point, 2—Mongolian (Reserve) Port, 3—Caleta Argentina. Map outlines are based on OpenStreetMap© contributors (www.openstreetmap.org), edited and arranged using Adobe Illustrator© and Adobe Photoshop®. Scale bars = 35 km (A); 2 km (B). in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

FIGURE. Map of the region and sampling area showing the relative position of Livingston Island to Antarctic Peninsula (A), and the main sampling locations (B): 1—Hannah Point, 2—Mongolian (Reserve) Port, 3—Caleta Argentina. Map outlines are based on OpenStreetMap© contributors (www.openstreetmap.org), edited and arranged using Adobe Illustrator© and Adobe Photoshop®. Scale bars = 35 km (A); 2 km (B).