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FIG. 4 in An updated checklist and a DNA barcode library for the earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Oligochaeta) of Corsica, France

FIG. 4. — Some examples of endemic earthworm species sampled in Corsica and their habitats (to their right): A, Scherotheca portonana L4 Qiu & Bouché, 1998; B, alpine pasture at Col de Vergio (Bouché#466); C, Scherotheca albomaculata Qiu & Bouché, 1998; D, open Mediterranean chaparral at Sainte-Lucie de PortoVecchio (Bouché#414); E, Eumenescolex emiliae L1 Qiu & Bouché, 1998; F, Pinus laricio L. forest at Zonza (Bouché#2932); G, Hormogaster insularis Bouché, 1970; H, Quercus suber L. open wood at Volpajola (Bouché#480). Scale bars: 5 cm.

FIG. 2 in An updated checklist and a DNA barcode library for the earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Oligochaeta) of Corsica, France

FIG. 2. — Bayesian inference of the phylogenetic relationships of earthworms from Corsica based on their COI sequences. Species-level genetic lineages (as delimited by ASAP, barcode gap analysis and morphological data) are shown as black triangles in order to facilitate visualization and to display the amount of intra-lineage genetic divergence (indicated by the height of the triangle). Green circles: posterior probability values over 90; all the species-level clades showed values close to 100.

FIG. 1 in An updated checklist and a DNA barcode library for the earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Oligochaeta) of Corsica, France

FIG. 1. — Distribution map of the sampling localities in Corsica Island. Locality codes refer to Table 1. Map base: Qgis.

FIG. 5 in An updated checklist and a DNA barcode library for the earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Oligochaeta) of Corsica, France

FIG. 5. — Observed and estimated species diversity of earthworms in the island of Corsica: A, incidence-based rarefaction and extrapolation curves of species numbers;B, Chao asymptotic estimator of species numbers. The figure compares the results obtained when considering all species-level lineages obtained with DNA barcodes (All), when considering non-cryptic lineages only (NC) and when considering all endemic lineages (End). Solid lines represent rarefaction curves, whereas dashed lines represent extrapolation curves; shaded areas are 95% and error bars confidence intervals based on a bootstrap with 200 replications.

FIG. 3 in An updated checklist and a DNA barcode library for the earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Oligochaeta) of Corsica, France

FIG. 3. — Graphical representation of the number of earthworm species known from Corsica. Rectangle surfaces are proportional to species numbers.

Fig. 4 in Ancient diversity within Diporodrilus (Crassiclitellata, Annelida) clarify the historical biogeography of Corso-Sardinian earthworms

Fig. 4 Haplotype networks based on COI gene for the different putative species within the morphospecies Diporodrilus omodeoi and Diporodrilus pilosus. Colours correspond to Fig. 2. Circle size represent the number of individuals belonging to each haplotype (see top right for reference). Numbers represent the number of mutational steps between each sampled haplotype. Small black dots represent unsam- pled intermediate haplotypes. Dashed lines represent several haplotypes being found in the same locality. Scale bar = 10 km

Fig. 1 in Ancient diversity within Diporodrilus (Crassiclitellata, Annelida) clarify the historical biogeography of Corso-Sardinian earthworms

Fig. 1 Individual of Diporodrilus pilosus, displaying their peculiar appearance with a stout body and mucus-filled coelom which gives them their white- yellow colour

Fig. 3 in Ancient diversity within Diporodrilus (Crassiclitellata, Annelida) clarify the historical biogeography of Corso-Sardinian earthworms

Fig. 3 Most fitting ASAP species delimitation hypothesis and COI uncorrected average pairwise distances for the studied populations of the morphospecies Diporodrilus omodeoi and Diporodrilus pilosus.

Fig. 6 in Ancient diversity within Diporodrilus (Crassiclitellata, Annelida) clarify the historical biogeography of Corso-Sardinian earthworms

Fig. 6 Estimated times of divergence of Lumbricidae, Hormogastridae and Diporodrilidae genus-level clades. The Corso-Sardinian taxa (Diporodrilus, Hormogaster, Norana and Scherotheca) and their continental relatives are shown in different colours (see legend). Vertical blue bars indicate 95% highest posterior density intervals. Gray rings indicate the approximate geological ages corresponding to the most

FIG. 2 in The cradle of giants: insights into the origin of Scherotheca Bouché, 1972 (Lumbricidae, Crassiclitellata) with the descriptions of eight new species from Corsica, France

FIG. 2. — External and internal morphological differences between the newly described species of Corsican Scherotheca Bouché, 1972 and their closest relatives. The three different shades represent absent, slight and moderate pigmentation. Open circles represent structures that only appear in some individuals. Structures shown in light and dark shades (genital papillae, clitellum and tubercula pubertatis) represent the maximum and minimum extension of these characters, respectively. Phylogenetic relationships are the same as those shown in Figure 1.

FIG. 1 in The cradle of giants: insights into the origin of Scherotheca Bouché, 1972 (Lumbricidae, Crassiclitellata) with the descriptions of eight new species from Corsica, France

FIG. 1. — Detail of the phylogenetic tree obtained by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequence of molecular markers COI, 16S, ND1 and 28S (see full tree in Appendix 3). The species sequenced in this work are shown in bold. Blue branches indicate Corsican species, red branches indicate species from mainland France (and the Hyères archipelago) and green branches indicate Tuscan (Italian) species. Posterior probability support values are shown above the corresponding branches; branch thickness is proportional to branch support. Codes besides species names are their BOLD Sample IDs (only for the species sequenced in this study).

FIG. 4 in The cradle of giants: insights into the origin of Scherotheca Bouché, 1972 (Lumbricidae, Crassiclitellata) with the descriptions of eight new species from Corsica, France

FIG. 4. — Distribution of the genus Scherotheca Bouché, 1972 in Corsica: A, localities documented in this work of the newly described species and other Scherotheca species sampled during this work; B, distribution of Corsican species of Scherotheca and Eumenescolex Qiu & Bouché, 1998 according to Bouché (1972), Qiu & Bouché (1998) and Szederjesi et al. (2021).

FIG. 3 in The cradle of giants: insights into the origin of Scherotheca Bouché, 1972 (Lumbricidae, Crassiclitellata) with the descriptions of eight new species from Corsica, France

FIG. 3. — External morphology of the newly described species of Corsican Scherotheca Bouché, 1972: A, Scherotheca altarocca Marchán, Decäens & Domínguez, n. sp.; B, Scherotheca marceli Marchán, Decäens & Domínguez, n. sp.; C, Scherotheca darioi Marchán, Decäens & Domínguez, n. sp.; D, Scherotheca boccaverghju Marchán, Decäens & Domínguez, n. sp.; E, Scherotheca qiui Marchán, Decäens & Domínguez, n. sp.; F, Scherotheca litoralis Marchán, Decäens & Domínguez, n. sp.; G, Scherotheca capcorsana Marchán, Decäens & Domínguez, n. sp.; H, Scherotheca mausoleana Marchán, Decäens & Domínguez, n. sp. Left side, lateral view; right side, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 cm.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

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Data from: Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms

Background: Earthworms (Crassiclitellata) are a diverse group of annelids of substantial ecological and economic importance. Earthworms are primarily terrestrial infaunal animals, and as such are probably rather poor natural dispersers. Therefore, the near global distribution of earthworms reflects an old and likely complex evolutionary history. Despite a long-standing interest in Crassiclitellata, relationships among and within major clades remain unresolved. Methods: In this study, we evaluate crassiclitellate phylogenetic relationships using 38 new transcriptomes in combination with publicly available transcriptome data. Our data include representatives of nearly all extant earthworm families and a representative of Moniligastridae, another terrestrial annelid group thought to be closely related to Crassiclitellata. We use a series of differentially filtered data matrices and analyses to examine the effects of data partitioning, missing data, compositional and branch-length heterogeneity, and outgroup inclusion. Results and discussion: We recover a consistent, strongly supported ingroup topology irrespective of differences in methodology. The topology supports two major earthworm clades, each of which consists of a Northern Hemisphere subclade and a Southern Hemisphere subclade. Divergence time analysis results are concordant with the hypothesis that these north-south splits are the result of the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. Conclusions: These results support several recently proposed revisions to the classical understanding of earthworm phylogeny, reveal two major clades that seem to reflect Pangaean distributions, and raise new questions about earthworm evolutionary relationships.

FIGURE 4 in Lavellodrilus notosetosus sp. nov. (Annelida, Crassiclitellata, Acanthodrilidae): a new Mexican earthworm with uncommon characters, revealed by a preliminary revision of subfamily Acanthodrilinae

FIGURE 4. Frequency of selected morphological characters in Acanthodrilinae, partitioned across geographical regions. A and B show percentages of species carrying the character, relative to the total number of species (511); C and D show percentage of species carrying the character relative to the number of species for each region. US-MX-C= south, central and eastern USA, central and north eastern Mexico and Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands; MX-CA = central, eastern and southern Mexico, western Cuba, and Central America north of Nicaragua; SAM= Chile and southern Argentina; SAF= South Africa; AI=Antarctic Islands; M= Madagascar; AUS= Australia; NZ= New Zealand; NC= New Caledonia.

FIGURE 3 in Lavellodrilus notosetosus sp. nov. (Annelida, Crassiclitellata, Acanthodrilidae): a new Mexican earthworm with uncommon characters, revealed by a preliminary revision of subfamily Acanthodrilinae

FIGURE 3. Lavellodrilus notosetosus sp. nov. Internal. A. Dorsal view of segments 9–22; below septum 13/14, hearts, dorsal vessel and esophagus of segment 13 are diagrammatically shown (Paratype IEOL-3127; scale 2 mm). ES= Esophagus, vascularized region, G= Genital setae within follicles, H= Heart, HP= Parietal holonephridium, I= Start of intestine, PS= Penial setae follicles, S= septa SS= Somatic setae cd. B. Prostatic glands and penial setae follicles of segments 17 and 19; the intestine and esophagus were removed to facilitate view; (Holotype IEOL-3109; scale 1 mm). C= Nerve cord, M= Prostate muscular duct, PG= Prostate glandular region, PS= Penial setae follicles. C. Spermathecae of segment 9 in situ, dorsal view (Paratype IEOL-3109-2; scale 500 µm). D. Extracted left spermatheca from segment 9, (Paratype IEOL-3111; scale 500 µm). A= Spermathecal ampulla,). C= Nerve cord, DU= Spermathecal duct, DI= Spermathecal diverticle,

FIGURE 2 in Lavellodrilus notosetosus sp. nov. (Annelida, Crassiclitellata, Acanthodrilidae): a new Mexican earthworm with uncommon characters, revealed by a preliminary revision of subfamily Acanthodrilinae

FIGURE 2. Lavellodrilus notosetosus sp. nov. Setae. A. Right genital setae a of segment 12 (Holotype IEOL-3109; scale 400 µm). B. Apex of genital seta 12b (Holotype; scale 10 µm). C. Right penial setae b of segment 17 (Holotype IEOL-3109; scale 500 µm). D. Apex of penial seta 17a (Paratype IEOL 3108-2; scale 20 µm).

FIGURE 1 in Lavellodrilus notosetosus sp. nov. (Annelida, Crassiclitellata, Acanthodrilidae): a new Mexican earthworm with uncommon characters, revealed by a preliminary revision of subfamily Acanthodrilinae

FIGURE 1. Lavellodrilus notosetosus sp. nov. External. A. Ventral view of anterior region (Holotype IEOL-3109; scale 1 mm). B. Ventro-lateral view of female pores (Fp) (Paratype IEOL-3123; scale 1 mm). C. Ventro-lateral view of the genital zone showing genital papillae (Gp) and prostatic pores (Pp) (Paratype IEOL-3109-2; scale 1 mm). D. Ventro-lateral view of segment 12, showing the butterfly-like genital mark (Paratype IEOL-3123; scale 1 mm). E. Transverse section in the middle part of the body, behind segment 40, showing somatic setae (a,b,c,d), dorsal vessel (Dv) and intestine (I) (fragment of an individual collected 06/05/1982; scale 1 unity= 0.21 mm) F. Ventral view of anterior region (Paratype IEOL-3109-2; scale 1 mm).

opennotspecifiedMar 2021View details →

Figure 1 in Sorry atlanticus, you are not my type: molecular assessment splits Zophoscolex (Lumbricidae: Crassiclitellata) into French and Iberian genera

Figure 1. Detail of the clades including the Zophoscolex species under study by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequence of molecular markers COI–COII–16S–tRNAs–ND1–12S–28S. Focus species of are shown in bold. Proposed taxonomic changes are shown in grey. Posterior probability support values and bootstrap support values (from maximum likelihood analysis) higher than 70 are shown beside the corresponding nodes. The complete phylogenetic tree is shown in Supporting Information, Figure S1.