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11 results for “Crella”
Data from: A NGS approach to the encrusting Mediterranean sponge Crella elegans (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): transcriptome sequencing, characterization and overview of the gene expression along three life cycle stages
Sponges can be dominant organisms in many marine and freshwater habitats where they play essential ecological roles. They also represent a key group to address important questions in early metazoan evolution. Recent approaches for improving knowledge on sponge biological and ecological functions as well as on animal evolution have focused on the genetic toolkits involved in ecological responses to environmental changes (biotic and abiotic), development and reproduction. These approaches are possible thanks to newly available, massive sequencing technologies–such as the Illumina platform, which facilitate genome and transcriptome sequencing in a cost-effective manner. Here we present the first NGS (next-generation sequencing) approach to understanding the life cycle of an encrusting marine sponge. For this we sequenced libraries of three different life cycle stages of the Mediterranean sponge Crella elegans and generated de novo transcriptome assemblies. Three assemblies were based on sponge tissue of a particular life cycle stage, including non-reproductive tissue, tissue with sperm cysts and tissue with larvae. The fourth assembly pooled the data from all three stages. By aggregating data from all the different life cycle stages we obtained a higher total number of contigs, contigs with blast hit and annotated contigs than from one stage-based assemblies. In that multi-stage assembly we obtained a larger number of the developmental regulatory genes known for metazoans than in any other assembly. We also advance the differential expression of selected genes in the three life cycle stages to explore the potential of RNA-seq for improving knowledge on functional processes along the sponge life cycle.
FIGURE 7 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges
FIGURE 7. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–S, in SEM and light microscopy) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 (A, D–E, G–N) and paratype―ZIN 12082 (B–C, F, O–S). A, transverse section. B, transverse section. C, transverse section (another section). D, tornotes in bouquet and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered and making a continuous layer at the ectosomal region. E, bouquet of tornotes and ectosomal acanthostyles. F, tornotes in bundles and ectosomal acanthostyles at the ectosomal region. G, tornotes (strongyle-like shape). H, extremities of the tornotes. I, tornotes (in light microscopy). J, extremities of the tornotes with slightly rough appearance due to very small spines. K, choanosomal acanthostyles. L, choanosomal and ectosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). M, ectosomal acanthostyles. N, arcuate isochelae. O, tornotes (strongyles-like shape) and ectosomal acanthostyles. P, extremities of the tornotes. Q, choanosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). R, ectosomal acanthostyles. S, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D–G = 100 µm; H = 10 µm; I= 100 µm; J = 10 µm; K–L = 100; M = 50 µm; N = 20 µm; O = 100 µm; P = 10 µm; Q = 100 µm; R = 50 µm; S = 20 µm.
FIGURE 9 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges
FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles. D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm.
FIGURE 8 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges
FIGURE 8. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material preserved (A–B). A, encrusting specimen (holotype―IZUA-POR 172) over shell of a barnacle, in preservative (ethanol 70%). B, surface and part of the choanosomal region of the holotype (e. = ectosome, and c. = choanosome). Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges
FIGURE 6. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material preserved (A–D). A, massive fragment (MNRJ 22479) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 in preservative (ethanol 70%). B, Same fragment of holotype turned over. C, massive fragment (MNRJ 22438) of the paratype―ZIN 12082 in preservative (ethanol 70%). D, Same fragment of paratype turned over. Scale bars: A–D = 5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges
FIGURE 1. Map of collection points. A, southern South America and arrow pointing to 1—off Santa Cruz province, Argentina Sea. B, Desventuradas Archipelago and arrow pointing to 2—San Ambrosio Island. C, Chiloé Island and Corcovado Gulf showing zoomed out to D (arrows ponting to 3—Puñihuil, Cocotue bay, 4—Duahatao and 5—Metalqui Island) and zoomed in to E (arrow pointing to 6—Rada Negra, Palvitad fjord). Scale bars: A = 500 km; B = 10 km; C = 20 km; D–E = 5km. Map from Google Earth.
FIGURE 5 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges
FIGURE 5. Crella (Pytheas) desventuradae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Zapata-Hernández & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–M, in SEM and light microscopy) of the holotype―MNHNCL POR-15019. A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region. C, detail of a spongin fiber at the subectosomal region with ectosomal acanthostyles (iii) and tract of tornotes (t) inside it. D, Ectosomal and subectosomal regions with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal region with mesh of spongin fibers echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. F, detail of a spongin fiber echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I (i) and II (ii) and with ectosomal acanthostyles (iii) inside it. G, spiculation showing choanosomal acanthostyles I (i) and II (ii), ecotosomal acanthostyles (iii), tornotes (t) and arcuate isochelae (a). H, extremities of a tornotes; I, choanosomal acanthostyles I; J, choanosomal acanthostyles II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, acanthoxeas (in light microscopy). M, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D= 50 µm; E =200 µm; F = 50 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 1 µm; I–K = 10 µm; L = 20 µm; M = 2 µm.
FIGURE 2 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges
FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges
FIGURE 4. Crella (Pytheas) desventuradae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Zapata-Hernández & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—MNHNCL POR-15019). B, detail of the surface of the specimen in life with oscules and subectosomal channels. C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing a cavernous choanosome (fragment of the holotype—MNRJ 19228) and a membrane at the surface (C, indicated by arrow), an oscule partially covered by the membrane (D), pore sieves (E) and a pore sieve in detail (F). Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C = 1 cm; D = 2 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges
FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm.
Data from: A NGS approach to the encrusting Mediterranean sponge Crella elegans (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): transcriptome sequencing, characterization and overview of the gene expression along three life cycle stages
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