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FIGURES 36–39 in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURES 36–39. Tricephalopora levigata (Canu & Bassler, 1920) n. comb.; Figs 36–39, lectotype, USNM63816 C, Danian (Paleocene), Georgia, USA; Fig. 40, USNM64816 A, reported as cotype by Canu & Bassler (1920): 36, general appearance of the colony; 37, fertile autozooids; 38, sterile autozooids with paired oral avicularia; 39, close-up of an autozooid to show the centrally exposed frontal shield and an avicularium with a complete pivot bar; FIGURE 40.?Tricephalopora sp., autozooids with entirely exposed frontal shields. Scale bars: Fig. 36, 500 Μm; Figs 37–40, 200 Μm.

FIGURES 30–33 in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURES 30–33. Gephyrotes convexus Canu & Bassler, 1920, USNM64030, Late Eocene, Alabama, USA, fig. 30 of lectotype USNM64030 B; figs 31–33 of paralectotype USNM64030 A: 30, well-preserved colony ephebic with autozooids, ooecia and avicularia; 31, neanic colony of small sterile autozooids; 32, part of colony in fig. 30 with ooecia, peristomial avicularia and frontal shields showing slit-like lacunae and numerous pelmatidia; 33, close-up of distalmost autozooid in fig. 31, with the broken collar-like structure leaving only the basal portion of the costae. Scale bars: Figs 30, 31, 500 µm; Figs 32, 33, 200 µm.

FIGURES 27–29 in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURES 27–29. Gephyrotes quadriserialis Canu & Bassler, 1920, lectotype, USNM64031 A, Late Eocene, Florida, USA: 27, a typical quadriserial branch at a bifurcation; kenozooids along zooidal boundaries are particularly elongate; 28, a long, straight fragment; 29, close-up of Fig. 28 to show the multicostal frontal shield, peristomial collar-like structure and extensive development of kenozooids. Scale bars: Figs 27–29, 500 Μm.

FIGURES 18–22. Gephyrotes moissettei n in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURES 18–22. Gephyrotes moissettei n. sp., figs 18–21 of paratype, PMC.B18.6.9.2006b, late Tortonian, Calabria, Italy; fig. 22 of FLS119799, late Tortonian, Fortuna (Murcie, Spain): 18, periancestrular area, with smaller autozooids showing a flabellate budding pattern; 19, reproductive zooids; note ooecia with areas of thinner calcification, and associated avicularia and well-developed tubular kenozooids; 20, autozooids and associated peristomial avicularia, one exhibiting a complete pivot bar; 21, zooidal vertical walls showing uniporous septula; 22, several zooids, those with ooecia showing how avicularia contribute to peristomial structure. Scale bars: Figs 18, 19, 22, 500 Μm; Figs 20, 21, 200 Μm.

FIGURES 23–25 in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURES 23–25. Gephyrotes spectabilis Canu & Bassler, 1920, holotype, USNM64261, Early Oligocene, Mississipi, USA: 23, general appearance of colony, which roughly resembles that of G. moissettei n. sp.; 24, reproductive zooids; note the outer layer of ooecial frontal calcification that is produced by distal zooids; 25, autozooids, some showing the entire primary orifice; note the intercostal lacunae and pelmatidia and broken tubular kenozooids occupying interzooidal boundaries. FIGURE 26. Gephyrotes moissettei n. sp., holotype, PMC.B18.6.9.2006a, late Tortonian, Calabria, Italy: autozooids (for comparison with those of G. spectabilis). Scale bars: Fig 23, 500 µm; Figs 24–26, 200 µm.

FIGURES 2–8 in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURES 2–8. Gephyrotes nitidopunctatus (Smitt, 1868), holotype, SMNH1770, Recent, northern Norway, Finnmark, North Atlantic Ocean: 2, partial view of the colony; small zooids with evident oral spines at lower left probably belong to the periancestrular area; 3, autozooids with completely developed collar-like orificial structures; note the network of tubular kenozooids obscuring zooidal boundaries; 4, a zooid with an ooecium in relation to the distal zooid; 5, autozooids, some exhibiting orificial spines (particularly evident at lower right); 6, zooidal lateral walls with uniporous septula; 7, three zooids showing details of the orificial collar-like structures; 8, a kenozooid with a reduced costate shield between autozooids bounded by further tubular kenozooids. Scale bars: Fig. 2, 1 mm; Figs 3–8, 200 Μm.

FIGURES 41–44 in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURES 41–44. Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu & Bassler, 1928 n. comb., holotype, USNM7508, Recent, north of Cuba: 41, general aspect of the colony; 42, zooids at the growing edge showing the formation and refief of the oral structures; 43, closeup of zooids, showing complete collar-like oral structures and paired, distal flabellate spines; note the pedunculate lateral avicularia (lacking pivot bars) associated with the costae, and the bat-shaped pseudospiramen; 44, peripheral autozooids showing basal pore chambers and the tubular pelmatidia in profile; a primary orifice is exposed, inclined relative to the frontal surface. Scale bars: Fig. 41, 500 Μm; Figs 42–44, 200 Μm.

FIGURES 13–17. Gephyrotes moissettei n in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURES 13–17. Gephyrotes moissettei n. sp., holotype, PMC.B18.6.9.2006a, late Tortonian, Calabria, Italy: 13, part of colony showing the lacy appearance of zooidal frontal shields; 14, close-up of an autozooid bordered by broken tubular kenozooids and exhibiting a secondary orifice with associated, long, proximally directed, convergent avicularia; 15, a zooid with an ooecium and adjacent squat sickle-shaped avicularian chambers; 16, primary orifice; 17, proximolateral view of the collar-like orificial structures and associated avicularia; note the aligned lacunae, the central one smallest. Scale bars: Fig. 13, 500 Μm; Figs 14, 15, 17, 200 Μm; Fig. 16, 100 Μm.

FIGURE 34 in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURE 34. Tricephalopora saillans (Canu & Bassler, 1920) n. comb., lectotype, USNM63814 C, Danian (Paleocene), Alabama, USA: part of colony with most zooids having ooecia; note the typically large, distally converging oral avicularia. FIGURE 35. Tricephalopora lamellaria (Canu & Bassler, 1920), cotype, USNM69968 B, Danian (Paleocene), Alabama, USA: basalmost autozooid has a third avicularium distal to the orifice, in addition to the paired avicularia described by previous authors. Scale bars: Fig. 34, 500 Μm; Fig. 35, 200 Μm.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURE 1. Map showing the spatial and temporal distribution of all the studied species. 1, Gephyrotes nitidopunctatus (Smitt, 1868); 2, Gephyrotes fortunensis Pouyet, 2000; 3, Gephyrotes moissettei n. sp.; 4, Gephyrotes spectabilis Canu & Bassler, 1920; 5, Gephyrotes quadriserialis Canu & Bassler, 1920; 6, Gephyrotes convexus Canu & Bassler, 1920; 7, Tricephalopora saillans (Canu & Bassler, 1920); 8, Tricephalopora levigata (Canu & Bassler, 1920); 9, Spiniflabellum spinosum Canu & Bassler, 1928. Open circles, Recent; solid circles, Miocene; diamond, Oligocene; stars, Eocene; triangles, Danian.

FIGURES 9–12. Gephyrotes fortunensis Pouyet, 2000, holotype FLS117925 in Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa

FIGURES 9–12. Gephyrotes fortunensis Pouyet, 2000, holotype FLS117925, late Tortonian, Fortuna (Murcie, Spain): 9, aspect of the colony with irregularly budded zooids caused by the roughness of the substratum and possible post-breakage regeneration; 10, autozooids, several (upper part) with variously preserved collar-like orificial structures, and a single ooecium (upper left); 11, close-up of the left side of fig. 9 with one zooid bearing an ooecium; 12, autozooids showing costate shields with lacunae and pelmatidia; collar-like orificial structures broken. Scale bars: Figs 9, 10, 1 mm; Figs 11, 12, 500 Μm.

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FIGURE 13 in The "Cribrilina annulata" problem and new species of Juxtacribrilina (Bryozoa Cheilostomata: Cribrilinidae) from the North Pacific

FIGURE 13. Juxtacribrilina specimens of uncertain identity similar in morphology to J. tumida n. sp. A. NHM 2006.2.27.51, Akkeshi Bay, Japan, intertidal; non-ovicellate zooids. B. ZIRAS 01/50737, Ptichy Island, Sea of Okhotsk, intertidal; nonovicellate zooids. C–F, YPM-IZ-106558, Higgins Point, Ketchikan, Alaska; intertidal. C. View of part of colony, with frontal dwarf zooids in central region. D. Enlargement from previous panel, showing change in zooid morphology from left (thicker, fewer costae; larger, fewer intercostal lacunae; characteristic of Juxtacribrilina tumida n. sp.) to right (thinner, more numerous costae; smaller, more numerous intercostal lacunae; characteristic of J. pushkini n. sp.). E. Non-ovicellate zooid. F. Frontal dwarf ovicellate zooids near center of colony, each with four costae comprising frontal shield; note variation in ooecial pseudopores. Scale bars: A, D, 250 µm; B, C, 500 µm; E, 100 µm; F, 150 µm.

FIGURES 30–33. Puellina paracaesia n in Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea

FIGURES 30–33. Puellina paracaesia n. sp. 30, Baengnyeong Island; 31–33, N of Soan Island, South Sea. 30, autozooids at colony margin, showing variation in spine number; 31, ancestrula and surrounding zooids; 32, operculate orifice, setiform and non-setiform papillae; 33, ovicellate zooids. Scale bars: 30–31, 100 µm; 32, 50 µm; 33, 200 µm.

FIGURES 26–27. Jullienula erinae n in Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea

FIGURES 26–27. Jullienula erinae n. sp., W of Cheongsan Island, South Sea. 26, inner face of autozooidal costal shield, showing two of the relatively large entrances to costal lumina (arrows); 27, autozooidal and ovicellate orifices, the latter with a short, transverse crescentic fissure. FIGURES 28–29. Figularia japonica Silén, Munseom Island, Seogwipo, Jeju Island. 28, autozooids, ovicellate zooids and vicarious avicularia; 29, an ooecium in which the left-hand fenestra has not been divided by a strip of calcification from the lateral margin. Scale bars: 26, 100 µm; 27, 200 µm; 28, 500 µm; 29, 100 µm.

FIGURES 20–25. Jullienula erinae n in Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea

FIGURES 20–25. Jullienula erinae n. sp. 20–21, 24–25, W of Cheongsan Island, South Sea; 22–23, Baengnyeong Island. 20, ovicellate zooids, showing reduced crescentic ooecia; 21, autozooids near margin of a layer of self-overgrowth; 22, orifices and buds at colony margin; 23, autozooids with opercula in place; 24, close-up of two ooecia; 25, autozooidal and ovicellate orifices, the latter showing an ooecium a little larger than is usual, the distal portion of which clearly contributes to the costal shield. Scale bars: 20–21, 500 µm; 22–23, 100 µm; 24–25, 200 µm.

FIGURES 5–7 in Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea

FIGURES 5–7. Cribrilina (Juxtacribrilina) annulata (Fabricius): 5, NHMUK Hardanger Fjord, Norway; 6–7, NHMUK Shetland Is. 5, adventitious ovicellate zooid; 6, ooecium at colony margin with transverse costal spines broken off the front; 7, ooecium from same colony with transverse costal spines in place; notice short median suture in ooecium. FIGURES 8–10. Cribrilina (Juxtacribrilina) flavomaris n. subgen. et sp.: 8, Cheongpodae; 9–10, Baengnyeong Island. 8, dwarf ovicellate zooid showing only six frontal-shield costae, and the vestigial median ooecium flap and paired flattened transverse costal spines; 9, a non-adventitious ovicellate zooid (left) with 12 frontal-shield costae; 10, two semi-adventitious female zooids (possibly reparative). FIGURES 11–13. Cribrilina (Juxtacribrilina) spp., showing costate frontal shields, vestigial medial ooecia and transverse costae of dwarf ovicellate zooids. 11, from Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan; 12, from Commander Islands, Russia; 13, from Ketchikan, Alaska. Scale bars: 5–7, 9, 11–13, 200 µm; 8, 10, 100 µm.

FIGURES 14–15, 17 in Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea

FIGURES 14–15, 17. Reginella multipora (Sakakura), Baengyeong Island. 14, autozooids at growing margin; notice the small narrow pore-chamber to left of each upper orifice; 15, ovicellate zooids; 17, close-up of ooecium and orifices. FIGURES 16, 18–19. Reginella biporosa (Okada), W of Cheongsan Island, South Sea. 16, autozooids and ovicellate zooid; 18, close-up of ooecium in 18; 19, interzooidal avicularium in angle of four autozooids, with broken crossbar. Scale bars: 14–15, 400 µm; 16, 500 µm; 17–18, 200 µm; 19, 100 µm.

FIGURES 1–4 in Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea

FIGURES 1–4. Cribrilina (Juxtacribrilina) flavomaris n. subgen. et sp., 1–3, Cheongpodae, 4, Baengnyeong Island. 1, autozooids near colony margin and developing dwarf females, an early stage arrowed; 2, ancestrula and daughter zooid; 3, proximal part of autozooid showing a pair of gymnocystal budding sites (frontal pore-chambers) of future dwarf zooids; 4, autozooids at growing margin showing elevation of tips of suboral spine pair. Scale bars: 1, 500 µm; 2, 4, 200 µm; 3, 50 µm; 4, 400 µm.

FIGURES 34–35 in Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea

FIGURES 34–35. Puellina hincksi (Friedl), SE Wan Island, South Sea. 34, autozooids, ovicellate zooid and interzooidal avicularium; 35, autozooidal and ovicellate orifices. FIGURES 36–38. Puellina harmeri (Ristedt), Munseom, Island, Seogwipo, Jeju Island. 36, autozooids, ovicellate zooids and avicularia; 37, zooids at colony margin showing adventitious avicularia on developing ovicellate zooids, and an interzooidal avicularium associated with an autozooid; 38, colony margin showing interzooidally produced avicularia. Scale bars: 34, 37, 200 µm; 35, 38, 100 µm; 36, 400 µm.