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11 results for “Critical thermal maxima”
Captive Rearing Success and Critical Thermal Maxima of Bombus griseocollis (Hymenoptera: Apidae): A Candidate for Commercialization?
<p><em>Commercialized bumble bees (Bombus) are primary pollinators of several crops within open field and</em></p> <p><em>greenhouse settings. However, B. impatiens is the only species widely available for purchase in North</em></p> <p><em>America. As an eastern species, concerns have been expressed over their transportation outside of their</em></p> <p><em>native range. Therefore, there is a need to identify regionally appropriate candidates for commercial crop</em></p> <p><em>pollination services, especially in the western U.S.A. In this study, we evaluated the commercialization</em></p> <p><em>potential of B. griseocollis, a broadly distributed species throughout the U.S.A., by assessing nest initiation</em></p> <p><em>and establishment rates of colonies produced from wild-caught gynes, creating a timeline of colony</em></p> <p><em>development, and identifying lab-reared workers’ critical thermal maxima (CT</em><em>Max</em><em>) and lethal temperature</em></p> <p><em>(ecological death). From 2019 to 2021, 70.6% of the wild-caught B. griseocollis gynes produced brood in a</em></p> <p><em>laboratory setting. Of these successfully initiated nests, 74.8% successfully established a nest (produced a</em></p> <p><em>worker), providing guidance for future rearing efforts. Additionally, lab-reared workers produced from wildcaught</em></p> <p><em>B. griseocollis gynes had an average CT</em><em>Max </em><em>of 43.5°C and an average lethal temperature of 46.4°C,</em></p> <p><em>suggesting B. griseocollis can withstand temperatures well above those commonly found in open field</em></p> <p><em>and greenhouse settings. Overall, B. griseocollis should continue to be evaluated for commercial purposes</em></p> <p><em>throughout the U.S.A.</em></p>
Critical thermal maxima of freshwater larvae (Serratella ignita and Baetis Rhodani), Scotland, from 10 populations at different times
<p>The dataset includes a collection of Critical Thermal maxima values (CTmax) for 676 <em>Serratella ignita </em>and 155 <em>Baetis rhodani</em> specimens, sampled in 4 Scottish lakes in 2016 and 2017. The dataset indicates date of collection for each specimen, location, and body size. </p>
Critical thermal maxima of freshwater larvae (Serratella ignita and Baetis Rhodani), Scotland, from 10 populations at different times
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Critical thermal maxima of early life stages of tropical fishes
<p>Marine ectotherms are often sensitive to thermal stress, and certain life stages can be particularly vulnerable (e.g., larvae or spawners). In this study, we investigated the critical thermal maxima (CT<sub>max</sub>) of larval and early juvenile life stages of three tropical marine fishes (<i>Acanthochromis polyacanthus</i>, <i>Amphiprion melanopus,</i> and <i>Lates calcarifer</i>). We tested for potential effects of developmental acclimation, life stage, and experimental heating rates, and we measured metabolic enzyme activities from aerobic (citrate synthase, CS) and anaerobic pathways (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH). A slightly elevated rearing temperature neither influenced CT<sub>max</sub> nor CS activity, which otherwise could have indicated thermal acclimation. However, we found species- and life stage-specific differences in CT<sub>max</sub> that were mainly explained by body mass, with faster heating rates leading to higher CT<sub>max</sub>. Acute temperature stress did not change CS or LDH activities, suggesting that overall aerobic and anaerobic metabolism remained stable. <i>Lates calcarifer</i>, a catadromic species that migrates from oceanic to riverine habitats upon metamorphosis, had higher CT<sub>max</sub> than the two coral reef fish species. We highlight that, for obtaining conservative estimates of a fish species' upper thermal limit, several developmental stages and body mass ranges should be examined. Moreover, upper thermal limits should be assessed using standardized heating rates. This will not only benefit comparative approaches but also aid in assessing geographic (re-) distributions and climate change sensitivity of marine fishes.</p>
Body mass, temperature, and pathogen intensity differentially affect critical thermal maxima and their population-level variation in a solitary bee
<p>Climate change presents a major threat to species distribution and persistence. Understanding what abiotic or biotic factors influence the thermal tolerances of natural populations is critical to assessing their vulnerability under rapidly changing thermal regimes. This study evaluates how body mass, local climate, and pathogen intensity influence heat tolerance and its population-level variation (SD) among individuals of the solitary bee <em>Xenoglossa pruinosa</em>. We assess the sex-specific relationships between these factors and heat tolerance given the differences in size between sexes and the ground-nesting behavior of the females. We collected <em>X. pruinosa</em> individuals from fourteen sites across Pennsylvania, USA that varied in mean temperature, precipitation, and soil texture. We measured the critical thermal maxima (CT<sub>max</sub>) of <em>X. pruinosa</em> individuals as our proxy for heat tolerance, and used quantitative PCR to determine relative intensities of three parasite groups—trypanosomes, <em>Spiroplasma apis</em> (mollicute bacteria), and <em>Vairimorpha apis</em> (microsporidian). While there was no difference in CT<sub>max</sub> between the sexes, we found that CT<sub>max</sub> increased significantly with body mass, and that this relationship was stronger for males than for females. Air temperature, precipitation, and soil texture did not predict mean CT<sub>max</sub> for either sex. However, population-level variation in CT<sub>max</sub> was strongly and negatively correlated with air temperature, which suggests that temperature is acting as an environmental filter. Of the parasites screened, only trypanosome intensity correlated with heat tolerance. Specifically, trypanosome intensity negatively correlated with the CT<sub>max</sub> of female <em>X. pruinosa</em> but not males. Our results highlight the importance of considering size, sex, and infection status when evaluating thermal tolerance traits. Importantly, this study reveals the need to evaluate trends in the variation of heat tolerance within and between populations, and consider implications of reduced variation in heat tolerance for the persistence of ectotherms in future climate conditions. </p>
Body mass, temperature, and pathogen intensity differentially affect critical thermal maxima and their population-level variation in a solitary bee
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Critical thermal maxima of early life stages of three tropical fishes: effects of rearing temperature and experimental heating rate
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Data from: Natural selection on thermal preference, critical thermal maxima and locomotor performance
Climate change is resulting in a radical transformation of the thermal quality of habitats across the globe. Whereas species have altered their distributions to cope with changing environments, the evidence for adaptation in response to rising temperatures is limited. However, to determine the potential of adaptation in response to thermal variation, we need estimates of the magnitude and direction of natural selection on traits that are assumed to increase persistence in warmer environments. Most inferences regarding physiological adaptation are based on interspecific analyses, and those of selection on thermal traits are scarce. Here, we estimate natural selection on major thermal traits used to assess the vulnerability of ectothermic organisms to altered thermal niches. We detected significant directional selection favouring lizards with higher thermal preferences and faster sprint performance at their optimal temperature. Our analyses also revealed correlational selection between thermal preference and critical thermal maxima, where individuals that preferred warmer body temperatures with cooler critical thermal maxima were favoured by selection. Recent published estimates of heritability for thermal traits suggest that, in concert with the strong selective pressures we demonstrate here, evolutionary adaptation may promote long-term persistence of ectotherms in altered thermal environments.
The functional significance of panting as a mechanism of thermoregulation and its relationship to the critical thermal maxima in lizards
<p>Because most desert-dwelling lizards rely primarily on behavioral thermoregulation for the maintenance of active body temperatures, the effectiveness of panting as a thermoregulatory mechanism for evaporative cooling has not been widely explored. We measured changes in body temperature (Tb) with increasing air temperature (Ta) for seventeen species of lizards that range across New Mexico and Arizona and quantified the temperatures associated with the onset of panting, the capacity of individuals to depress Tb below Ta while panting and estimated the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) for each individual. We examined these variables as a function of phylogeny, body mass, and local acclimatization temperature. We found that many species can depress Tb 2-3°C below Ta while panting, and the capacity to do so appears to be a function of each species' ecology and thermal environment, rather than phylogeny. Panting thresholds and CTmax's are phylogenetically conserved within groups. Understanding the functional significance of panting and its potential importance as a thermoregulatory mechanism will improve our understanding of the potential for species' persistence in an increasingly warmer world.</p>
Data from: Natural selection on thermal preference, critical thermal maxima and locomotor performance
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The functional significance of panting as a mechanism of thermoregulation and its relationship to the critical thermal maxima in lizards
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