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4,684 results for “Criticality”
Critical slowing down: vegetation height, cover and composition assess resilience of tidal fresh, brackish and salt marshes following experimental disturbance at twelve sites across the estuarine landscape
We investigated the relative recovery rates of vegetation cover, vegetation height and community composition over a period of >10 years after experimental disturbance in 12 tidal marshes (two oligohaline, three mesohaline and seven polyhaline sites) across the estuarine landscape on the coast of Georgia, USA. Vegetation was removed from three by three meter plots (four per site) with herbicide in 2006 followed by repeated clipping through 2009. Vegetation height, cover and composition was assessed in experimental and control plots (4 of each per site) from 2010 to 2020. The goal of the study was to assess how quickly the sites recovered from disturbance, how this varied in different types of marshes, and how results varied depending on whether recovery was assessed by vegetation height, cover or composition.
Corpus of critical citations contexts
<p>We present here a corpus of 505 critical citation contexts, i.e. a set of sentences or propositions that contain at least one citation of a study towards which the author(s) has/have a negative opinion. Those contexts come from other existing annotated corpora, from our readings about critical citation and disagreement in science, and from contexts manually annotated by native speakers of English. We have re-annotated all those contexts in order to be sure that they match our definition of critical citations. This corpus can be helpful to train tools dedicated to the automatic retrieval of critical citations. English (2024-02-20)</p>
Cascade project at North Temperate Lakes LTER - Daily data for key variables in whole lake experiments on early warnings of critical transitions, Paul and Peter Lakes, 2008-2011
Peter Lake's food web was altered by adding largemouth bass at a slow rate while monitoring key food web constituents including littoral minnow abundance indexed as catch per trap per hour, zooplankton biomass, and concentration of chlorophyll a. Paul Lake was manipulated and the same variables were measured there. In Peter Lake, we expected littoral catch of minnows to first increase as minnows moved into the littoral zone due to the threat of bass predation and then decrease due to bass predation. We expected zooplankton biomass to increase as minnows moved into the littoral zone. We expected chlorophyll to decrease due to increased grazing by zooplankton. We expected that variance and autocorrelation of chlorophyll would increase as the food web passed a critical transition. We expected that the time series in Paul Lake would represent the normal variability of an unmanipulated lake
Data for the extraction of the critical temperature of niobium films deposited on copper produced at CERN for SRF applications
<p>Each data set contains the voltage signal amplitude induced in a pickup coil by an alternating magnetic field, crossing the niobium-film-on-copper sample during its state transition from normal conducting to superconducting, the corresponding sample temperature and the estimated errors for the two measured quantities. File columns: #1 sample temperature in Kelvin, #2 estimated temperature error, #3 voltage amplitude in pickup coil in Volt, #4 estimated amplitude error.</p> <p>One data set corresponds to one sample. The critical temperature can be extracted as fit parameter by fitting the amplitude versus temperature data with a logistic function, where it corresponds to the half height of the state transition curve.</p>
Inter-Chemical Correlation results for the study: HHEARx2018-2120 (The impact of tobacco smoke exposure and environmental exposures on the pulmonary microbiome and outcomes of critically ill children)
Title: The impact of tobacco smoke exposure and environmental exposures on the pulmonary microbiome and outcomes of critically ill children <br>Species: Homo sapiens <br>Number of samples: 1090 <br>Number of named analytes: 12 <br>Datasource url: https://hheardatacenter.mssm.edu/PublicFile/ViewPublicFile?projectid=42 <br>
Driving a low critical current Josephson junction array with a mode-locked laser
<p>Data for article "Driving a low critical current Josephson junction array with a mode-locked laser".</p>
Data and script for "On the emergence of ecosystem decay: a critical assessment of patch area effects across spatial scales"
<p>Data and R script necessary to replicate the results of Riva et al. 2024 ("On the emergence of ecosystem decay: a critical assessment of patch area effects across spatial scales"; minor revisions, Biological Conservation).</p>
Is the winner really the best? A critical analysis of common research practice in biomedical image analysis competitions
<p>This data set corresponds to the paper: Is the winner really the best? A critical analysis of common research practice in biomedical image analysis competitions [1] (Experiment: Comprehensive reporting).</p> <p>The key research questions corresponding to this data set were:</p> <p>RQ1: What is the role of challenges for the field of biomedical image analysis (e.g. How many challenges conducted to date? In which fields? For which algorithm categories? Based on which modalities?)</p> <p>RQ2: What is common practice related to challenge design (e.g. choice of metric(s) and ranking methods, number of training/test images, annotation practice etc.)? Are there common standards?</p> <p>RQ3: Does common practice related to challenge reporting allow for reproducibility and adequate interpretation of results?</p> <p>To address these research questions, we aimed to capture all biomedical image analysis challenges that have been conducted up to 2016. To acquire the data, we analyzed the websites hosting/representing biomedical image analysis challenges, namely grand-challenge.org, dreamchallenges.org and kaggle.com as well as websites of main conferences in the field of biomedical image analysis, namely Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI), International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) Medical Imaging, Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF), International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), the Single Molecule Localization Microscopy Symposium (SMLMS) and the BioImage Informatics Conference (BII). This yielded a list of 150 challenges with 549 tasks.</p> <p>Next, a tool for instantiating the challenge parameter list introduced in [1] was used by some of the authors (engineers and medical student) to formalize all challenges that met our inclusion criteria as follows: (1) Initially, each challenge was independently formalized by two different observers. (2) The formalization results were automatically compared. In ambiguous cases, when the observers could not agree on the instantiation of a parameter - a third observer was consulted, and a decision was made. When refinements to the parameter list were made, the process was repeated for missing values. Based on the formalized challenge data set, a descriptive statistical analysis was performed to characterize common practice related to challenge design and reporting.</p> <p>[1] Maier-Hein, L., Eisenmann, M., Reinke, A., Onogur, S., Stankovic, M., Scholz, P., Arbel, T., Bogunovic, H., Bradley, A. P., Carass, A., Feldmann, C., Frangi, A. F., Full, P. M., van Ginneken, B., Hanbury, A., Honauer, K., Kozubek, M., Landman, B. A., März, K., Maier, O., Maier-Hein, K., Menze, B. H., Müller, H., Neher, P. F., Niessen, W., Rajpoot, N., Sharp, G. C., Sirinukunwattana, K., Speidel, S., Stock, C., Stoyanov, D., Aziz Taha, A., van der Sommen, F., Wang, C.-W., Weber, M.-A., Zheng, G., Jannin, P., Kopp-Schneider, A.: Is the winner really the best? A critical analysis of common research practice in biomedical image analysis competitions. arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.02051 (2018).</p>
From waste to value: Recovering critical raw materials from urban mines in the European Union and the United States
<p><strong>Submitted data was used to write an article: </strong>Jędrusiak, R., Bielowicz, B., Drobniak, A., 2023, From waste to value: Recovering critical raw materials from urban mines in the European Union and the United States, Mineral Resource Management 39 (3), 43-63. <a href="https://doi.org/10.24425/gsm.2023.147557">https://doi.org/10.24425/gsm.2023.147557</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Funding acknowledgments: </strong>Agnieszka Drobniak contribution comes from the support of the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within the Polish Returns Programme (BPN/PPO/2021/1/00005/DEC/1), and the National Science Center, Poland (2022/01/1/ST10/00024). This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland (subsidies no. 16.16.140.315).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Article Abstract: </strong>Modern human consumption, rapid urbanization and further increases in the world’s population lead to the demand for more goods and materials. However, after utilization, only some of these materials are recovered or recycled, many are discarded due to a lack of implemented recovery technologies and regulations, or due to the content of contaminants. Moreover, many of the potentially recoverable materials are deposited in landfills or shipped to less developed countries for disposal where they can cause environmental contamination. The new approach to waste management follows the hierarchy of waste prevention. First, waste is prepared for reuse and repair without the need for treatment processes, or it is recycled. If this is not possible, the waste is incinerated with energy recovery, or failing that, it is disposed of in landfills. This waste hierarchy has become one of the key factors in the transformation of a linear economy into a circular economy. Particularly noteworthy is waste containing raw materials of significant economic importance, especially those of a high supply risk due to the level of concentration in another country and import dependence. These critical raw materials (CRM) are an inherent part of our modern, technology-driven life. They are essential to national security and the economic development of every country. Their use is drastically increasing, and with it, the need to assure their reliable and unrestricted access along with lowering the environmental impact from their production and extraction. Currently, scientists and industry direct a lot of effort into finding new supplies of these materials, not only from traditional sources in nature but also from new sources like anthropogenic waste. The purpose of this study is to present the raw material potential which remains mostly unused in residues from municipal waste incineration in regions with highly developed economies – the United States and the European Union. These economies have shortages of their own raw material extraction capacity due to high levels of consumption and insufficient amounts of raw-material content in natural resources.</p>
Graphic Illustration of Kendra Phelp's Talk: A harmonized taxonomic resource is critical for accurately interpreting host-pathogen interactions
<p><a href="https://lib.ku.edu/people/courtney-foat" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Courtney Foat</a>, Advisor for Strategic Initiatives & Organizational Engagement at the University of Kansas, graphically recorded this invited talk by Kendra Phelps at an NSF-supported Workshop: Digital Collections Data and Tracking Disease.</p>
Data for: Attractive solution of binary Bose mixtures: Liquid-vapor coexistence and critical point
<p>Path-integral Monte-Carlo results for a balanced Bose mixture with attractive interspecies interaction. In the files named "press_*" we provide the pressure data, presented in figures 1, 2, and S1, and then used to extract the coexistence regions. In the files named "coexistence_region_*" we provide the data extracted using the Maxwell construction (as well as the condensate fraction for a12=-1.2a) and presented in figures 3, 4, 5 and S2.</p>
Determinants of flammability in the critically imperiled pine rocklands of Long Pine Key, 2021-2023
The distribution of plant functional trait values across environmental gradients reflects species’ adaptations to local abiotic conditions. Here, we measured plant composition and plant functional traits in 272 1m2 plots across an elevational and hydrological gradient on Long Pine Key in Everglades National Park between 2021 to 2023. At each site we measured average water depth, elevation, burn frequency, and species richness. We also measured the specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf area (LA), maximum burn temperature (Temp_C), time to ignition (Ignite) and its inverse (IgniteINV), burn duration (Time), and percent burned (Percent) of five individuals of each species found within our plots. We then used the plant functional trait values SLA, LDMC, and LA, to calculate the CSR value of each plant species found within our plots following the methodology outlined in Pierce et al. (2016). We used these data to determine the distribution of trait values across Long Pine Key and to test for correlations between classic plant functional traits and plant flammability traits. Pierce, S., D. Negreiros, B. E. Cerabolini, J. Kattge, S. Díaz, M. Kleyer, B. Shipley, S. W. Wright, N. A. Soudzilovskaia, V. G. Onipchenko, P. M. van Bodegom, C. Frenette-Dussault, E. Weiher, B. X. Pinho, J. H. C. Corelissen, J. P. Grime, K. Thompson, R. Hunt, P. J. Wilson, G. Buffa, O. C. Nyakunga, P. B. Reich, M. Caccianiga, F. Mangili, R. M. Ceriani, A. Luzzaro, G. Brusa, A. Siefert, N.P.U. Barbosa, F. S. Chapin III, W. K. Cornwell, J. Fang, G. W. Fernandes, E. Garnier, S. Le Stradic, J. Peñuelas, F. P. L. Melo, A. Slaviero, M. Tabarelli, D. Tampucci. 2017. “A global method for calculating plant CSR ecological strategies applied across biomes world‐wide.” Functional ecology 31: 444-457.
Exploring the critical zone heterogeneity and the hydrological diversity using an integrated ecohydrological model in three contrasted long-term observatories
<p>These files provide useful data and supplementary material associated with the publication 'Exploring the critical zone heterogeneity and the hydrological diversity using an integrated ecohydrological model in three contrasted long-term observatories' (MNT information, atmospheric forcings, R scripts used to process and draw the graphs from the EcH2O-iso simulations, and observed water discharges).</p>
Dataset of publication "Investigation of the discharge coefficient in the laminar boundary layer regime of critical flow Venturi nozzles calibrated with different gases including hydrogen"
<p>The attached files contain experimental raw data and fluid properties for the nozzles 1 and 2 mentioned in the paper. The data in the attached files can be used to calculate the Cd values published in the paper.</p>
Towards an open pipeline for the detection of Critical Infrastructure from satellite imagery – A case study on electrical substations in The Netherlands
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Critical infrastructure (CI) are at risk of failure due to the increased frequency and magnitude of climate extremes related to climate change. It is thus essential to include them in a risk management framework to identify risk hotspots, develop risk management policies and support adaptation strategies to enhance their resilience. However, the lack of information on the exposure of CI prevents their incorporation in large-scale risk assessment studies. This study sets out to improve the representation of CI for risk assessment studies by building a neural network model to detect CI assets from optical remote sensing imagery. We present a pipeline that extracts CI from OpenStreetMaps, processes the imagery and assets' masks, and trains a Mask R-CNN model that allows for instance segmentation of CI at the asset level. This study provides an overview of the pipeline and tests it with the detection of electrical substations assets in the Netherlands. Several experiments are presented for different under-sampling percentages of the majority class (25%, 50% and 100%) and hyperparameters settings (batch size and learning rate). The best metrics achieved are an Average Precision at an Intersection over Union of 50% of 30.93 and a tile F-score of 89.88%. This allows us to confirm the feasibility of the method and invite disaster risk researchers to use this pipeline for other infrastructure types. We conclude by exploring the different avenues to improve the pipeline by addressing the class imbalance, Transfer Learning and Explainable AI.</p>
Online Knowledge Production in Polarized Political Memes: The Case of Critical Race Theory (Dataset)
<p>This is the supplementary dataset to the article entitled "Online Knowledge Production in Polarized Political Memes: The Case of Critical Race Theory." This study, completed by Alyvia Walters, Tawfiq Ammari, Kiran Garimella, and Shagun Jhaver, was accepted for publication in <em>New Media & Society </em>in 2024.</p> <p>Description of files:</p> <p>Memes Codebook.dox - Codebook used for qualitative coding of memes.</p> <p>Memes Project.qdpx - NVivo coding project, exported.</p> <p>all_posts.jsonl, clusters.zip, images.zip, & image_data.csv - the complete collection of data and images used for this project. Please see publication in <em>New Media & Society </em>for more information on the use and collection of these items.</p>
Critical Zone Observatory in Pianosa Island: Accumulation chambers n.1 and n.2 (27/03/2023-03/04/2024)
<p>The installed instrumentation allows CO2 flux measurements from soil (emission and absorption/uptake) by non steady state closed dynamic accumulation Chambers.</p> <p>The aim is to understand if the NEE (Net Ecosystem Exchange) is increasing or decreasing and which parameters most affect this important index. More over, the NEE parameter is extremely useful in climate models.</p> <p>In particular chamber n.1 is a dark chamber and measures the ecosystem respiration while chamber n.2 is a transparent chamber and measures the NEE. The difference between the flux measured by chamber n.2 and that measured by chamber n.1 allows to calculate the GPP (Gross Primary Production).</p> <p>The dataset includes the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Ecosystem Respiration (ER), air temperature and atmospheric pressure inside the chamber, soil temperature and soil humidity next to the chamber. It is also available the R2 of the regression line of the CO2 concentration versus time, of each chamber.</p> <p>The data was collected thanks to EU - Next Generation EU Mission 4 "Education and Research - Component 2: "From research to business" - Investment 3.1: "Fund for the realisation of an integrated system of research and innovation infrastructures" - Project IR0000032 - ITINERIS - Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System - CUP B53C22002150006.</p>
Twitter hashtags time series used in the paper "Universality, criticality and complexity of information propagation in social media"
<pre>These files contain the time series and the associated hashtags we obtained by sampling Twitter for our paper "Universality, criticality and complexity of information propagation on social media". The analysis is reported in <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.00116">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28964-8</a> Please acknowledge the use of these data by citing the paper above. ################################# ################################# DATA ORGANIZATION We created a single zip file with all the time series and a single zip file with all the hashtags. There is a one-to-one correspondence between lines in the two files. ################################# ################################# FILES CONTENT As stated, here is a one-to-one correspondence between lines in the time series file and lines in the hashtags file, i.e., the hashtag stored in line X is the hashtag of the time series stored in line X. Time series are stored as follows: Ka t1 t2 t3 \n Kb t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 \n . . . Kn t1 t2 \n where: Ka, Kb,..., Kn is an integer specifying the number of events that compose the time series a, b,..., n respectively. In the example above we would have Ka=3, Kb=5, Kn=2. t1 t2 ... is the time series, i.e., a sequence of chronologically ordered interevent times. The last interevent time, in our implementation, represents the distance between the end of the temporal window and the last event time. It thus does not represent an event. As stated in the Supplemental Material of our paper, the temporal window ranges from 2019, October 1st to 2019, November 30th. </pre>
Amplifying Indigenous Radio: Bibliography of Critical Indigenous Theory
<p>This is a working list of Indigenous critical theoretical approaches drawn on in my research into Indigenous radio.This is a work in progress rather than an exhaustive Bibliography and is open to further updating.</p>
Predicting Exon Criticality from Protein Sequence
<p>Exon ByPASS (predicting Exon-skipping Based in Protein amino acid SequenceS), predictions on test exons from Human and Mouse transcripts. The exons in the test set from the two genomes are those that are not predicted to be skippable in hg38 and mm10 annotation and are also exons that in-frame when skipped. The preprocessed data includes the ensemble transcript id and exon rank as well the amino acid sequence for the upstream, downstream, and exon of interest. Additionally, the table contains the output probability from the model in the last column. The input data is transformed data of the amino acid sequence that is the Exon ByPASS model can use as an input.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.