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27 results for “Crop wild relatives”
Fig. 2 in On the proper type designation for Camelina microcarpa, a wild relative and possible progenitor of the crop species C. sativa (Brassicaceae)
Fig. 2. – Isotype of Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. [KW, Besser herbarium: KW001003104; © National Herbarium of Ukraine, Kiev]
Fig. 1 in On the proper type designation for Camelina microcarpa, a wild relative and possible progenitor of the crop species C. sativa (Brassicaceae)
Fig. 1. – Isotype of Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. [KW, Besser herbarium: KW001003103; © National Herbarium of Ukraine, Kiev]
Incorporating evolutionary and threat processes into crop wild relatives conservation
<p>Crop wild relatives (CWR) intra- and interspecific diversity is essential for crop breeding and food security. However, intraspecific genetic diversity, which is central given the idiosyncratic threats to species in landscapes, is usually not considered in planning frameworks. Here, we introduce an approach to develop proxies of genetic differentiation to identify conservation areas, applying systematic conservation planning tools that produce hierarchical prioritizations of the landscape. It accounts for: (i) evolutionary processes, including historical and environmental drivers of genetic diversity, and (ii) threat processes, considering taxa-specific tolerance to human-modified habitats, and their extinction risk status. Our results support the development of national strategies for the conservation and use of CWR in Mexico and inform public policy to mitigate threat processes to CWR. Although we focus on Mesoamerican CWR within Mexico, our methodology offers opportunities to effectively guide conservation and monitoring strategies to safeguard the evolutionary resilience of any taxa, including in regions of complex evolutionary histories and mosaic landscapes.</p>
The CWR richness dataset of manuscript "ENHANCING IN SITU CONSERVATION OF CROP WILD RELATIVES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN LITHUANIA"
<p>The CWR National Inventory database has been created by combining data from the Database of EU Habitat Mapping in Lithuania (BIGIS), the Herbarium Database of the Nature Research Centre (BILAS), the Lithuanian Vegetation Database (EU-LT-001), and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). It was used to calculate CWR richness in 4 by 4 kilometres grid cell. The dataset contains three GIS files (.shp) - Boundaries of Lithuania, CWR richness in grid cells and 45 potential genetic reserve sites.</p>
Incorporating evolutionary and threat processes into crop wild relatives conservation
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Prospects for the natural distribution of crop wild-relatives with limited adaptability: The case of the wild pea Pisum fulvum
<p>Plant breeders and conservationists depend on knowledge about the genetic variation of their species of interest. <em>Pisum</em> <em>fulvum</em>, a wild relative of domesticated pea, has attracted attention as a genetic resource for crop improvement, yet little information about its diversity in the wild has been published hitherto. We sampled 15 populations of <em>P. fulvum </em>from Israeli natural habitats and conducted genotyping by sequencing to analyse their genetic diversity and adaptive state. We also attempted to evaluate the species past demography and the prospects of its future reaction to environmental changes. The results suggest that genetic diversity of <em>P. fulvum</em> is low to medium and is distributed between well diverged populations. Surprisingly, with 56 % in the total population, the selfing rate was found to be significantly lower than expected from a species that is commonly assumed to be a predominant selfer. We found a strong genetic bottleneck during the last glacial period and only limited patterns of isolation by distance and environment, which explained 13 % - 18 % of the genetic variation. Despite the weak signatures of genome-wide IBE, 1354 markers were significantly correlated with environmental factors, 1233 of which were located within known genes with a nonsynonymous to synonymous ratio of 0.382. Species distribution modelling depicted an ongoing fragmentation and decreased habitable area over the next 80 years under two different socio-economic pathways. Our results suggest that complex interactions of substantial drift and selection shaped the genome of <em>P. fulvum</em>. Climate change is likely to cause further erosion of genetic diversity in <em>P. fulvum</em>. Systematic ex-situ conservation may be advisable to safeguard genetic variability for future utilization of this species.</p>
An inventory of crop wild relatives and wild-utilized plants in Canada
<p><span>In the face of global pressures of change and biodiversity loss, crop wild relatives (CWR) and wild-utilized plants (WUS) urgently require conservation attention. To advance conservation, we assembled a national inventory of CWR and WUS in Canada. To assess current ex situ conservation, we gathered a virtual metacollection of CWR and WUS accession data from national genebanks and from botanical gardens. The inventory includes 779 CWR and WUS taxa (658 distinct species), with 263 (222 distinct species) that are related to food crops of global and national importance such as blueberry and cranberry, apple, stone fruits, strawberry, sunflower and saskatoon. Sixty-one food crop CWR taxa are prioritized for breeding potential, and sixteen due to conservation threats. Although most food crop CWR are represented in ex situ collections (91% of species), representation of within-species diversity is low (median = 5% of Canadian ecogeographic types represented per species). Poor representation of within-species diversity demands an integrative conservation strategy that emphasizes <em>in situ</em> protection especially focusing on wild-populations in Canada's southern ecoregions where diversity is concentrated. While genebank collections represent more species and higher accession counts per species, botanical gardens include living collections of charismatic fruit crop relatives and other woody-perennials that are well situated to advance conservation by raising broader awareness of CWR and WUS. To promote further conservation, we present a web application that enables conservation planners and practitioners to identify local CWR and WUS diversity and to identify within-species ecogeographic types that are underrepresented in <em>ex situ</em> conservation systems. </span></p>
Supplementary data for: "The demographic history of the wild crop relative Brachypodium distachyon is shaped by distinct past and present ecological niches"
<p>Supplementary data to https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.01.543285</p>
An inventory of crop wild relatives and wild-utilized plants in Canada
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Data from: Ecology and genomics of an important crop wild relative as a prelude to agricultural innovation
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Proximity to crop relatives determines patterns of natural selection in a wild sunflower
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Prospects for the natural distribution of crop wild-relatives with limited adaptability: The case of the wild pea Pisum fulvum
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Data from: Genomics of Compositae crops: reference transcriptome assemblies, and evidence of hybridization with wild relatives
Although the Compositae harbours only two major food crops, sunflower and lettuce, many other species in this family are utilized by humans and have experienced various levels of domestication. Here we have used next generation sequencing technology to develop 15 reference transcriptome assemblies for Compositae crops or their wild relatives. These data allow us to gain insight into the evolutionary and genomic consequences of plant domestication. Specifically, we performed Illumina sequencing of Cichorium endivia, Cichorium intybus, Echinacea angustifolia, Iva annua, Helianthus tuberosus, Dahlia hybrida, Leontodon taraxacoides and Glebionis segetum, as well 454 sequencing of Guizotia scabra, Stevia rebaudiana, Parthenium argentatum and Smallanthus sonchifolius. Illumina reads were assembled using Trinity, and 454 reads were assembled using MIRA and CAP3. We evaluated the coverage of the transcriptomes using BLASTX analysis of a set of ultra-conserved orthologs (UCOs) and recovered most of these genes (88-98%). We found a correlation between contig length and read length for the 454 assemblies, and greater contig lengths for the 454 compared to the Illumina assemblies. This suggests that longer reads can aid in the assembly of more complete transcripts. Finally, we compared the divergence of orthologs at synonymous sites (Ks) between Compositae crops and their wild relatives and found greater divergence when the progenitors were self-incompatible. We also found greater divergence between pairs of taxa that had some evidence of post-zygotic isolation. For several more distantly related congeners, such as chicory and endive, we identified a signature of introgression in the distribution of Ks values.
FIGURE 1 in Lectotypification of the name Chenopodium hircinum, a wild relative of the pseudocereal crop species C. quinoa (Chenopodiaceae)
FIGURE 1. Lectotype of the name Chenopodium hircinum Schrad. (LE00011694!, the right-hand specimen consisting of two plant fragments).
FIGURE 1 in Re-evaluation and typification of Foeniculum piperitum (Apiaceae), an underknown medicinal plant and crop wild relative
FIGURE 1. Foeniculum piperitum (A, C, E) compared to F. vulgare (B, D, F) for some characters: habit (A, B), leaf (C, D), infructescence (E, F).
FIGURE 2 in Re-evaluation and typification of Foeniculum piperitum (Apiaceae), an underknown medicinal plant and crop wild relative
FIGURE 2. Lectotype of Anethum piperitum Ucria (Cupani 1713, vol. 1: t. 117) (reproduced from Pastena et al. 2003).
Data from: An ecological approach to measuring the evolutionary consequences of gene flow from crops to wild or weedy relatives
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Data from: Genomics of Compositae crops: reference transcriptome assemblies, and evidence of hybridization with wild relatives
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Data from: Capturing genetic variation in crop wild relatives: an evolutionary approach
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Data from: Genetic diversity of Helosciadium repens (Jacq.) W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae) in Germany, a Crop Wild Relative of celery
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