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58 results for “Crossing experiments”
Repeat overhead photographs of microplots in a cross-scale interactions experiment (CSIS) at Jornada Basin LTER, 2013-ongoing
This dataset contains archived overhead photos collected from microplots in a long-term experiment (2013-present) of cross-scale interactions (CSIs) at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. Experimental treatments were initiated in 2013 at 15 experimental blocks, each with 4 treatment plots: plant-scale herbicide of mesquite shrubs, patch-scale connectivity modifiers (ConMods), herbicide + ConMods, and control without manipulations. Repeat, overhead (downward-looking) photographs of ten "microplots" in each plot were taken for estimation of litter, soil, and vegetation cover in the experimental treatment and control plots over time. Photographs have been rotated and then cropped to provide standardized areas for this analysis. The photographs are archived by year in Zip files. This study is ongoing and new photos will be added annually. Cover estimates derived from these photos are in EDI dataset knb-lter-jrn.210413005.
Repeat lateral photographs of microplots in a cross-scale interactions experiment (CSIS) at Jornada Basin LTER, 2013-2017
This dataset contains archived lateral photos collected from microplots in a long-term experiment (2013-2017) of cross-scale interactions (CSIs) at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. Experimental treatments were initiated in 2013 at 15 experimental blocks, each with 4 treatment plots: plant-scale herbicide of mesquite shrubs, patch-scale connectivity modifiers (ConMods), herbicide + ConMods, and control without manipulations. Repeat, lateral (side-looking) photographs of ten "microplots" in each plot were taken for estimation of the vertical accumulation of litter, soil, and vegetation in the experimental treatment and control plots over time. The photographs are archived by year in Zip files. This study is complete and new photos will not be added. Litter/soil accumulation estimates derived from these photos are in EDI dataset knb-lter-jrn.210413007.
KKE01 The Konza-Kruger Experiment: A cross-continental fire and grazing experiment at Konza Prairie
For more than a decade, we have compared responses of mesic (subhumid) savanna grasslands (>500 mm MAP in the tropics and >600 mm MAP outside the tropics) in North America and South Africa to alterations in both fire and grazing regimes. The long-term, comparative experiment that forms the centerpiece of this cross-continental research program is located in tallgrass prairie at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (Kansas, USA) and in knob-thorn marula savanna at the Kruger National Park (Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces, South Africa). We refer to this study as the Konza-Kruger (K-K) Experiment. At both sites, we have been manipulating grazing by removing all large herbivores (>5 kg) from research plots with permanent exclosures (each with a paired plot that grazers can freely access). These exclosures were established in replicated fire frequency experiments ongoing at each site (treatments range from >25-50 yrs of annual burning, burning every 3-4 yrs, or complete fire exclusion).
Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment II (LINX II): a cross-site study of the effects of anthropogenic land use change on nitrate uptake and retention in 72 streams across 8 different biomes (2003 – 2006).
The LINX II (Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment) project was designed to quantify the rates and mechanisms of nitrate retention in streams using stable isotope tracer additions. The study encompassed 72 stream reaches spread across 8 North American biomes. Within each biome, 9 streams were selected in three watershed land-use categories: 3 reference, 3 agricultural, and 3 urbanized. The core of the study was a 24-hour release of 15N- labeled nitrate. Prior to the isotope addition, physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the stream were measured. The measurements included, but were not limited to, dissolved nutrient concentrations, dissolved conservative tracer additions (to quantify hydraulic and hyporheic retention, velocity and discharge), standing stocks of primary uptake biota (including suspended and benthic particulate materials) as well as channel dimensions, photosynthetically active radiation, and water temperature. During the isotope release, whole stream rates of ecosystem metabolism were quantified (including quantification of re-aeration coefficients using tracer gas additions), and concentrations of 15N-labeled NO3, NH4, N2 and N2O were measured. Immediately following the isotope addition, 15N uptake by aquatic organisms was quantified by sampling biomass components on the stream bed. The data generated from these 72 stream reaches were used to develop a stream nitrogen retention model for each biome, which was expanded to entire drainage networks to predict nitrogen fluxes. The LINX II study demonstrated how biotic uptake of nitrate and denitrification increased with increasing nitrate concentrations. However, the efficiency of total uptake and denitrification actually declined with increasing nitrate concentrations (such as those seen on agricultural or urbanized streams), yielding higher rates of dissolved nitrogen exports downstream. The datasets presented here consist of the primary data collected by the LINX II study participants.
Рис. 3. Снижение чисΛенности гусениц при возΑействии разΛичных географических штаммов ВЯП. СтоΛбцы: коΛичество погибших во время эксперимента гусениц поΑ опреΑеΛенной инфекционной нагрузкой. ПоказатеΛи (в процентах) привеΑены в Λевой части табΛицы. СтреΛки: минимаΛьное и максимаΛьное коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц и крестообразные маркеры: среΑнее коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц. ПоказатеΛи (в абсоΛютных значениях) в правой части табΛицы. По горизонтаΛи: номер титра, от боΛьшего к меньшему Fig. 3. Decrease in the number of caterpillars under the influence of various geographical strains of NPV. Columns: number of caterpillars killed during the experiment under a certain infectious load. Indicators (in percent) are shown on the left side of the table. Arrows: the minimum and maximum number of deaths during the next track count and cross markers: the average number of deaths during the next track count. Indicators (in absolute values) on the right side of the table. Horizontal: titre, from highest to lowest in Sensitivity of caterpillars of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Erebidae) from the South of Khabarovsk Territory to various strains of nuclear polyhedrosis virus
Рис. 3. Снижение чисΛенности гусениц при возΑействии разΛичных географических штаммов ВЯП. СтоΛбцы: коΛичество погибших во время эксперимента гусениц поΑ опреΑеΛенной инфекционной нагрузкой. ПоказатеΛи (в процентах) привеΑены в Λевой части табΛицы. СтреΛки: минимаΛьное и максимаΛьное коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц и крестообразные маркеры: среΑнее коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц. ПоказатеΛи (в абсоΛютных значениях) в правой части табΛицы. По горизонтаΛи: номер титра, от боΛьшего к меньшему Fig. 3. Decrease in the number of caterpillars under the influence of various geographical strains of NPV. Columns: number of caterpillars killed during the experiment under a certain infectious load. Indicators (in percent) are shown on the left side of the table. Arrows: the minimum and maximum number of deaths during the next track count and cross markers: the average number of deaths during the next track count. Indicators (in absolute values) on the right side of the table. Horizontal: titre, from highest to lowest
Single-cell ATAC-seq control of cross-contaminations (experiment 2)
<p>On the Fluidigm C1 platform for single-cell analysis, the cells are captured in 96 chambers arranged serially, and then washed before further processing. Thus, debris present from the loading medium or released by captured cells upstream are a possible source of contamination. We generated a control datasets using the single-cell ATAC-seq protocol available from Fluidigm's ScriptHub. We cultivated human Hep G2 and mouse Hepa 1-6 (both are liver cancer cell lines), stained them with green and red calceins (respectively), and loaded them at equal concentration in a Fluidigm medium flow cell (old design), before running the C1 single-cell ATAC-seq program. To evaluate damage and carry-over of debris from FACS-sorting, two IFCs were run in two C1 machines in parallel. In the first (flowcell ID 1772-123-155), the cells not washed and in the second, they were washed (ID 1772-123-158).</p> <p>The data deposited here is a sequencing run (Illumina MiSeq) of these ATAC-seq libraries. The metadata indicating the contents of each well is being uploaded separately and this record will be updated once the DOIs are available.</p>
Single-cell ATAC-seq control of cross-contaminations (experiment 1)
<p>On the Fluidigm C1 platform for single-cell analysis, the cells are captured in 96 chambers arranged serially, and then washed before further processing. Thus, debris present from the loading medium or released by captured cells upstream are a possible source of contamination. We generated a control datasets using the single-cell ATAC-seq protocol available from Fluidigm's ScriptHub. We cultivated human Hep G2 and mouse Hepa 1-6 (both are liver cancer cell lines), stained them with green and red calceins (respectively), and loaded them at equal concentration in a Fluidigm medium flow cell (old design), before running the C1 single-cell ATAC-seq program.</p> <p>The data deposited here is a sequencing run (Illumina MiSeq) of these ATAC-seq libraries. The metadata indicating the contents of each well is being uploaded separately and this record will be updated once the DOIs are available.</p>
Data and script for "Dispersal syndromes in challenging environments: a cross-species experiment"
<p>Datset and R scripts for all analysis of the manuscript "Dispersal syndromes in challenging environments: a cross-species experiment" published in Ecology Letters.</p>
Dissimilarity-adaptive cross-validation experiments and datasets
<p>This data includes all datasets and codes for implementing dissimilarity-adaptive cross-validation experiments, datasets and code, Reademe.txt explains each file's meaning. Appendix includes the descriptions of datasets. </p>
Spatial Plus Cross-Validation experiments datasets and codes
<p>This zip file includes all materials of Spatial Plus Cross-Validation experiments. </p> <p>They are ordered by the first number of folder's name.</p> <p>In each folder, the order of running code scripts are labeled by the first number of code's name.</p>
Exotic tree species have consistently lower herbivore load in a cross-Atlantic tree biodiversity experiment
<p>It is commonly expected that exotic plants experience reduced herbivory, but experimental evidence for such enemy release is still controversial. One reason for conflicting results might be that community context has rarely been accounted for, although the surrounding plant diversity may moderate enemy release. Here, we tested the effects of focal tree origin and surrounding tree diversity on herbivore abundance and leaf damage in a cross-Atlantic tree diversity experiment in Canada and Germany. We evaluated six European tree species paired with six North American congeners in both their native and exotic range, expecting lower herbivory for the exotic tree species in each pair at each site. Such reciprocal experiments have long been called for, but have not been realized thus far. In addition to a thorough evaluation of overall enemy release effects, we tested whether enemy release effects change with the surrounding tree diversity. Herbivore abundance was indeed consistently lower on exotics across all six tree genera (12 comparisons). This effect of exotic status was independent of continent, phylogenetic relatedness and surrounding tree diversity. In contrast, leaf damage associated with generalist leaf chewers was consistently higher on North American tree species. Interestingly, several species of European weevils were the most abundant leaf chewers on both continents and the dominant herbivores at the Canadian site. Thus, most observed leaf damage likely reflects the effect of generalist herbivores that feed heavily on plant species they have not evolved with. At the German site, sap-suckers were the dominant herbivores and showed a pattern consistent with enemy release. Taken together, the consistently lower herbivory on exotics on both continents is not purely a pattern of enemy release in the strict sense, but to some degree additionally reflects the susceptibility of native plants to invasive herbivores. In conclusion, our cross-Atlantic study is consistent with the idea that non-native trees have generally reduced herbivory, regardless of tree community diversity and species identity, but for different reasons depending on the dominant herbivore guild.</p>
Data from: Evolution of a cross-feeding interaction following a key innovation in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli
<p>The evolution of a novel trait can profoundly change an organism's effects on its environment, which can in turn affect the further evolution of that organism and any coexisting organisms. We examine these effects and feedbacks following the evolution of a novel function in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment (LTEE) with <em>Escherichia</em> <em>coli</em>. A characteristic feature of <em>E. coli</em> is its inability to grow aerobically on citrate (Cit<sup>−</sup>). Nonetheless, a Cit<sup>+</sup> variant with this capacity evolved in one LTEE population after 31,000 generations. The Cit<sup>+</sup>clade then coexisted stably with another clade that retained the ancestral Cit<sup>−</sup> phenotype. This coexistence was shaped by the evolution of a cross-feeding relationship based on C<sub>4</sub>-dicarboxylic acids, particularly succinate, fumarate, and malate, that the Cit<sup>+</sup> variants release into the medium. Both the Cit<sup>−</sup> and Cit<sup>+</sup> cells evolved to grow on these excreted resources. The evolution of aerobic growth on citrate thus led to a transition from an ecosystem based on a single limiting resource, glucose, to one with at least five resources that were either shared or partitioned between the two coexisting clades. Our findings show that evolutionary novelties can change environmental conditions in ways that facilitate diversity by altering ecosystem structure and the evolutionary trajectories of coexisting lineages.</p>
Data release for "Measurements of the muon-neutrino and muon-antineutrino-induced coherent charged pion production cross sections on Carbon-12 by the T2K experiment"
<p>The T2K experiment reports the measurement of the flux averaged charged current coherent pion production cross section for neutrino and anti-neutrino scattering from a Carbon nucleus. These results are at a mean (anti)neutrino energy of 0.85~GeV in a restricted final state kinematic phase space. The neutrino measurement is an update to a previous result with systematic uncertainties reduced by a half. The antineutrino measurement is the first measurement of this cross section to be made at these energies. We find that the neutrino and antineutrino cross sections are consistent, as expected from theory, and that both agree with the current theoretical models, the Rein-Sehgal and Berger-Sehgal models.</p> <p>The data release contains a summary of these results as well as neutrino and antineutrino flux histograms with which the reader can make their own flux averaged cross section calculation.</p> <p>The paper is published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.092009">Physical Review D</a> and is available on the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.16606">arXiv:2308.16606 [hep-ex]</a>.</p>
Exotic tree species have consistently lower herbivore load in a cross-Atlantic tree biodiversity experiment
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Crossing experiment and mating trial data for New Zealand Dolomedes undergoing introgression
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Data from: Evolution of a cross-feeding interaction following a key innovation in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli
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Data from: Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation experience, confidence, and confidence-associated factors among Northern Japanese emergency life-saving technicians: a population-based cross-sectional study
Objective: Clinical procedural experience and confidence are both important when performing complex medical procedures. Because out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a complex intervention, we sought to clarify clinical ETI experience among prehospital rescuers as well as their confidence in performing ETI and confidence-associated factors. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study conducted from January to September 2017. Setting: Northern Japan, including eight prefectures. Participants: Emergency life-saving technicians (ELSTs) authorized to perform ETI. Outcome measures: Annual ETI exposure and confidence in performing ETI, according to a 5-point Likert scale. To determine factors associated with ETI confidence, differences between confident ELSTs (those scoring 4 or 5 on the Likert scale) and non-confident ELSTs were evaluated. Results: Questionnaires were sent to 149 fire departments; 140 agreed to participate. Among the 2821 ELSTs working at responding fire departments, 2620 returned the questionnaire (response rate, 92.9%); complete data sets were available for 2567 ELSTs (complete response rate, 91.0%). Of those 2567 respondents, 95.7% performed two or fewer ETI annually; 46.6% reported lack of confidence in performing ETI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that years of clinical experience (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.13), annual ETI exposure (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.59–2.03), and the availability of ETI skill retention programs including regular simulation training (AOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02–1.68) and operating room training (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.14–1.83) were independently associated with confidence in performing ETI. Conclusions: ETI is an uncommon event for most ELSTs and nearly half of respondents did not have confidence in performing this procedure. Because confidence in ETI was independently associated with availability of regular simulation and operating room training, standardization of ETI reeducation that incorporates such methods may be useful for prehospital rescuers.
Data from: Disparity in preemptive end-of-life conversation experience caused by subjective economic status among general Japanese elderly people: a cross-sectional study with stratified random sampling
Objectives: Preemptive conversations (PCs) about end-of-life (EOL) preferences are beneficial for both elderly people and their families to understand and share the preferences. However, the factors which promote/inhibit PCs have yet to be clarified. We therefore aimed to determine the factors related to having PCs with hypothesis that age, subjective economic status and subjective health status are associated with having PC experience. Design: A cross-sectional study administering a questionnaire and using stratified random sampling by gender and region. Setting: Residents aged 65 years or older who were not receiving nursing care as of November 1, 2016, were extracted from the Japanese long-term care insurance system registry in Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Participants: 1,575 participants (717 males and 858 females). Outcome: Presence or absence of PC experience with family or friends (yes/no). Results: The mean age of the participants was 74.0 years. A multivariable logistic-regression analysis revealed that having PC experience was significantly associated with gender (OR = 1.907; 95% CI = 1.556, 2.337; p < 0.001), subjective economic status (OR = 0.832; 95% CI = 0.716, 0.966; p=0.016), and subjective happiness (OR = 0.926; 95% CI = 0.880, 0.973; p=0.003). Conclusions: Poor subjective economic status of elderly people may result in absence of EOL conversation experience with their families and friends, hindering the elderly from sharing and understanding the EOL preferences. To promote PCs about EOL, gerontology and public health professionals should give special consideration to the subjective economic status of elderly people.
Data from: Induced parental care in a poison frog: a tadpole cross-fostering experiment
Understanding the external stimuli and natural contexts that elicit complex behaviours, such as parental care, is key in linking behavioural mechanisms to their real-life function. Poison frogs provide obligate parental care by shuttling their tadpoles from terrestrial clutches to aquatic nurseries, but little is known about the proximate mechanisms that control these behaviours. In this study, we used Allobates femoralis, a poison frog with predominantly male parental care, to investigate whether tadpole transport can be induced in both sexes by transferring unrelated tadpoles to the backs of adults in the field. Specifically, we asked whether the presence of tadpoles on an adult's back can override the decision-making rules preceding tadpole pick-up and induce the recall of spatial memory necessary for finding tadpole deposition sites. We used telemetry to facilitate accurate tracking of individual frogs and spatial analysis to compare movement trajectories. All tested individuals transported their foster-tadpoles to water pools outside their home area. Contrary to our expectation, we found no sex difference in the likelihood to transport or in the spatial accuracy of finding tadpole deposition sites. We reveal that a stereotypical cascade of parental behaviours that naturally involves sex-specific offspring recognition strategies and the use of spatial memory can be manipulated by experimental placement of unrelated tadpoles on adult frogs. As individuals remained inside their home area when only the jelly from tadpole-containing clutches was brushed on the back, we speculate that tactile rather than chemical stimuli trigger these parental behaviours.
Dataset for "Spin cross-correlation experiments in an electron entangler"
<p>This file contains the relevant datasets for all figures in the manuscript "Spin cross-correlation experiments in an electron entangler".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.