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Figure 3 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 3. Rates of development of Utetheisa ornatrix larvae on different species of native and exotic Crotalaria in Florida and effect of leaves versus beans in the diet (see text for details): (A) partial development of larvae on the native C. rotundifolia versus exotic C. lanceolata; (B, C) partial development of larvae on the native C. pumila versus exotic C. lanceolata; (D, E) development of larvae on the exotic C. spectabilis/retusa versus exotic C. lanceolata; (F) development of larvae on C. incana (native to U. ornatrix range in the Neotropics, but introduced to Florida) versus exotic C. lanceolata. (F – based on data from Sourakov and Locascio 2013).

Figure 4 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 4. Fore wing size of Utetheisa ornatrix raised on different species of native and exotic Crotalaria and effect of leaves versus beans in the diet (see text for details): (A) Fore wing size of

Figure 2 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 2. (A) Understorey of the Florida hammock habitat occupied with invasive exotic Crotalaria spectabilis; (B) a clearing in a secondary Florida habitat, overgrown with exotic Crotalaria pallida; (C, D) mature larvae of U. ornatrix prefer pods of C. spectabilis over leaves; (E) carpenter ants are attracted to the extrafloral nectaries of C. lanceolata; (F, G) larva of U. ornatrix on C. pumila and a pod destroyed by it; (H) mature larva of U. ornatrix inside a pod of C. incana; (I, J) pods of C. pallida are numerous and large and provide ample food and shelter for U. ornatrix; (K) empty pods of C. spectabilis in December with all of their seeds consumed by U. ornatrix larvae; (L) in December, C. retusa becomes the preferred hostplant of U. ornatrix in the C. spectabilis-dominated habitat, when the latter declines; similarly, C. pumila becomes preferred for oviposition in C. lanceolata-dominated habitat; (M) the seeds of C. retusa are well protected by thick walls of the pod; here, a third instar larva is unable to penetrate it; (N) onset of the ultimate instar; (O–Q) prepupa-to-pupa development of U. ornatrix.

Figure 1 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 1. (A) In the wild population of U. ornatrix, adult moth landing on the flower of exotic Crotalaria retusa, Micanopy, Florida; (B) a typical size of a moth from a wild population at Cross Creek, Florida, resulting from larval feeding on C. rotundifolia leaves (top) and its offspring raised in the laboratory on beans of C. spectabilis (bottom) (fore wing length = 20 mm); (C) a single egg batch split in two (experimental and control groups) prior to hatching; (D) hostplant preference test using mature larvae of U. ornatrix inside a tray; (E) differences in pod size and seed volume in six Crotalaria species found in Florida; (F) difference in sprouting rate under similar conditions: native Crotalaria pumila shows much slower sprouting rate than introduced invasive Crotalaria species; (G) upland pine habitat on the University of Florida campus overtaken by thousands of exotic Crotalaria lanceolata plants with a sporadic native C. pumila in the midst (October 2014); (H) U. ornatrix eggs on C. lanceolata; (I) first instar larvae; (J) third instar larva.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Utetheisa ornatrix development and defence on four Crotalaria host plants

This dataset consists of data from three experiments testing how four different Crotalaria host plants affect Utetheisa ornatrix development and defence against a spider. The data are to be published in a paper accepted in Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata

Fig 5 in Discovery of two new species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae, Crotalarieae) from Western Ghats, India

Fig 5. Distribution map of all 37 Crotalaria species found in Maharashtra including the two new species Crotalaria suffruticosa and C. multibracteata. The color and symbols specify the distribution of different species and the triangle (red: C. suffruticosa, yellow: C. multibracteata) designates the distribution of the new species.

Fig 4. A–Y. Crotalaria suffruticosa. A. Habit. B. Plant twig showing leaves and flowers. C in Discovery of two new species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae, Crotalarieae) from Western Ghats, India

Fig 4. A–Y. Crotalaria suffruticosa. A. Habit. B. Plant twig showing leaves and flowers. C. Herbarium specimen of the new species. D. Close-up of the flower in field. E. Adaxial leaf surface with white sparse pubescent vestiture. F. Abaxial surface with pubescent vestiture. G. Close-up of abaxial leaf surface showing prominent hairs on the midrib region. H. Close-up of mucronulate leaf apex. I. Flower showing calyx, corolla and pedicel. J. Position of bract (base of pedicel) and bracteoles (middle of pedicel). K. Bi-lipped calyx with pubescent surface. L. Adaxial surface of standard. M. Abaxial surface of standard. N. Planar callosities. O. Close-up of silky pubescence on standard dorsal apex. P-Q. Wing petals. R. Close-up of cavae. S-T. Keel petals, angled with lower third curvature and ciliate glabrous vestiture. U. Anthers in 5 + 5 arrangement (one missing), with five carinal/ basifixed/sagittate anthers and five small dorsifixed ovoid anthers. V. Gynoecium showing ovary, style and stigma. W. Close-up of style showing trichomes in two parallel rows(parallel) and brush type stigma. X. Fruit showing glabrous surface and prominent beak. Y. Cordiform seed, golden brown color. Scale bar 0.5 cm unless indicated otherwise. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192226.g004

Fig 6. A–R. Crotalaria multibracteata. A. Plant twig showing leaves and flowers. B-C in Discovery of two new species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae, Crotalarieae) from Western Ghats, India

Fig 6. A–R. Crotalaria multibracteata. A. Plant twig showing leaves and flowers. B-C. Adaxial and abaxial leaf surface with hirsute vestiture and ciliate margin. D. Flower showing pedicel, bracteoles and calyx with corolla inserted (all three with dense pubescence). E. Bilipped calyx with pubescent-densely ciliate surface. F. Both lips of calyx dissected show surface and bi-lipped condition. G. Adaxial surface of standard with pubescent apex. H. Abaxial surface of standard. I-J. Wing petals. K-L. Keel petals, sub-angled with below the middle curvature and lanate vestiture. M. Anthers in 5 + 5 arrangement (one missing), with five carinal/basifixed/sagittate anthers and five small dorsifixed ovoid anthers with their filaments fused to form a staminal sheath. N. Gynoecium showing ovary, style and stigma. O. Fruit showing glabrous surface, and densely pubescent calyx. P. Seed reniform, golden brown with smooth surface. Q. Close-up of lameliform callosities. R. Close-up of cavae. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192226.g006

Fig 3 in Discovery of two new species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae, Crotalarieae) from Western Ghats, India

Fig 3. Principal component analysis on morphological traits comparing the new species Crotalaria multibracteata and morphologically most similar species C. vestita. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192226.g003

Fig 1 in Discovery of two new species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae, Crotalarieae) from Western Ghats, India

Fig 1. Maximum likelihood tree of the genus Crotalaria, constructed using RAxML, with bootstrap support values and Bayesian posterior probabilities indicated above the branches. Since Bayesian analyses resulted in almost the same topology, only the tree constructed from RAxML has been presented here. The new species are colored in red and blue. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192226.g001

Fig 2 in Discovery of two new species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae, Crotalarieae) from Western Ghats, India

Fig 2. Principal component analysis on morphological traits comparing the new species Crotalaria suffruticosa and morphologically most similar species C. albida and C. epunctata. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192226.g002

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Figure 2 in New record of Microtechnites bractatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Miridae) infesting Crotalaria spp. and injuries of Miridae in cultivated plants in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Figure 2 Damage of (A) Microtechnites bractatus and (B) Collaria scenica in black oats (Avena strigosa), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), white clover (Trifolium repens), tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.), fescue (Festuca sp.), corn (Zea mays) and (viii) crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea).

Figure 4 in Megachile sculpturalis, the giant resin bee, overcomes the blossom structure of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) that impedes pollination

Figure 4. Worker of Apis mellifera L. on sunn hemp blossom. Proboscis is inserted into the end of the keel to extract pollen.

Figure 3 in Megachile sculpturalis, the giant resin bee, overcomes the blossom structure of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) that impedes pollination

Figure 3. Female of Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith on sunn hemp blossom. Keel is held down between the bee's hind legs and directed toward sternal scopal hairs holding pollen. Keels of nearby blossom are more horizontal.

Figure 2 in Megachile sculpturalis, the giant resin bee, overcomes the blossom structure of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) that impedes pollination

Figure 2. Female of Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith on sunn hemp blossom. The bee holds onto the vexillum with her mandibles. Proboscis is not extended into the tongue guide of the vexillum. The style is touching the sternal scopae.

Figure 5 in Megachile sculpturalis, the giant resin bee, overcomes the blossom structure of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) that impedes pollination

Figure 5. Worker of Apis mellifera L. on sunn hemp blossom. In wilted blossoms, pollen in the keel is more accessible to the bee, and pollen is seen adhering to the proboscis.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Fig. 4 in Effect of light stress on Crotalaria spectabilis (Fabaceae) and on its herbivore insect, the moth Utetheisa ornatrix (Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Fig. 4. Weight of the pupae of Utetheisa ornatrix (L., 1758) whose larvae were raised with leaves of Crotalaria spectabilis Roth from light stressed plants and non-stressed plants. (A) male pupae; N = 30 for stressed plants and N = 18 for non-stressed plants. (B) female pupae; N = 19 for stressed plants and N = 28 for non-stressed plants. Different letters indicate statistical difference (t = -2.7531; p = 0.009).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Fig. 5 in Effect of light stress on Crotalaria spectabilis (Fabaceae) and on its herbivore insect, the moth Utetheisa ornatrix (Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Fig. 5. FecunditY of Utetheisa ornatrix (L., 1758) females whose larvae were reared on stressed and non-stressed leaves of Crotalaria spectabilis Roth. N = 18 for stressed plants and N = 15 for non-stressed plants.