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85 results for “Crotalus”
Crotalus horridus (Viperidae) - whole organism - unspecified
Image of Crotalus horridus (Viperidae) - whole organism - unspecified
Crotalus horridus (Viperidae) - whole organism - unspecified
Image of Crotalus horridus (Viperidae) - whole organism - unspecified
Linked collectors and determiners for: Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/a0f62e9a-3360-4076-92aa-b7c85ca34ce5">https://bionomia.net/dataset/a0f62e9a-3360-4076-92aa-b7c85ca34ce5</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/a0f62e9a-3360-4076-92aa-b7c85ca34ce5">https://gbif.org/dataset/a0f62e9a-3360-4076-92aa-b7c85ca34ce5</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Cryptic diversity in the Mexican highlands: thousands of UCE loci help illuminate phylogenetic relationships, species limits and divergence times of montane rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus)
With the continued adoption of genome-scale data in evolutionary biology comes the challenge of adequately harnessing the information to make accurate phylogenetic inferences. Coalescent-based methods of species tree inference have become common, and concatenation has been shown in simulation to perform well, particularly when levels of incomplete lineage sorting are low. However, simulation conditions are often overly simplistic, leaving empiricists with uncertainty regarding analytical tools. We use a large ultraconserved element (UCE) data set (>3000 loci) from rattlesnakes of the Crotalus triseriatus group to delimit lineages and estimate species trees using concatenation and several coalescent-based methods. Unpartitioned and partitioned maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analysis of the concatenated matrix yield a topology identical to coalescent analysis of a subset of the data in bpp. ASTRAL analysis on a subset of the more variable loci also result in a tree consistent with concatenation and bpp, whereas the SVDquartets phylogeny differs at additional nodes. The size of the concatenated matrix has a strong effect on species-tree inference using SVDquartets, warranting additional investigation on optimal data characteristics for this method. Species-delimitation analyses suggest up to 16 unique lineages may be present within the C. triseriatus group, with divergences occurring during the Neogene and Quaternary. Network analyses suggest hybridization within the group is relatively rare. Altogether, our results reaffirm the Mexican highlands as a biodiversity hotspot and suggest that coalescent-based species-tree inference on data subsets can provide a strongly supported species tree consistent with concatenation of all loci with a large amount of missing data.
Data from: Hunting behavior and feeding ecology of Mojave Rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus), Prairie Rattlesnakes (C. viridis), and their hybrids in southwestern New Mexico
<p>Predators must contend with numerous challenges to successfully find and subjugate prey. Complex traits related to hunting are partially controlled by a large number of co-evolved genes which may be disrupted in hybrids. Accordingly, research on the feeding ecology of animals in hybrid zones has shown that hybrids sometimes exhibit transgressive or novel behaviors, yet for many taxa empirical studies of predation and diet across hybrid zones is lacking. We undertook the first such field study for a hybrid zone between two snake species, the Mojave Rattlesnake (<em>Crotalus scutulatus</em>) and Prairie Rattlesnake (<em>C. viridis</em>). Specifically, we leveraged established field methods to quantify hunting behaviors of animals, their prey communities, and diet of individuals across the hybrid zone in southwestern New Mexico, USA. We found that, even though hybrids had significantly lower body condition indices than snakes from either parental lineage, hybrids were generally similar to non-hybrids in hunting behavior, prey encounter rates, and predatory attack and success. We also found that, compared to <em>C. scutulatus</em>, <em>C. viridis</em> was significantly more active while hunting at night and abandoned ambush sites earlier in the morning, and hybrids tended to be more <em>viridis</em>-like in this respect. Prey availability was similar across the study sites, including within the hybrid zone, with Kangaroo Rats (<em>Dipodomys</em> spp.) as the most common small mammal both in habitat surveys and frequency of encounters with hunting rattlesnakes. Analysis of prey remains in stomachs and feces also showed broad similarity in diets, with all snakes preying primarily on small mammals and secondarily on lizards. Taken together, our results suggest that the significantly lower body condition of hybrids does not appear to be driven by differences in their hunting behavior or diet, and may instead relate to metabolic efficiency or other physiological traits we have not yet identified.</p>
The spatial ecology of Mojave Rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus), Prairie Rattlesnakes (C. viridis), and their hybrids in southwestern New Mexico
<p>Hybridization between species provides unique opportunities to understand evolutionary processes that are linked to reproductive isolation and ultimately speciation. The extrinsic factors that limit hybridization, however, are poorly understood for most animal systems. Although the spatial ecology of individuals in natural habitats is fundamental to shaping reproductive success and survival, analyses of the spatial ecology of hybrids and their parental groups are rarely reported. Here we used radiotelemetry to monitor wild rattlesnakes across an interspecific hybrid zone (<em>Crotalus scutulatus </em>and <em>C. viridis</em>) and measured movement parameters and space use (Utilization Distributions, UDs) of individuals to evaluate the hypothesis that hybridization resulted in transgressive or atypical movement patterns. Unexpectedly, of the spatial metrics we investigated, we found that hybrids were very similar to parental individuals. Nonetheless, hybrids did show increased patchiness of core UDs, but this result is likely driven by increased habitat patchiness in the hybrid zone. Overall, we did not find evidence for overt extrinsic barriers to hybridization associated with spatial ecology; thus, we suggest that the close evolutionary history between the two parental species—and their ecological and behavioral similarities—likely increases the probability of hybridization events in this unique region of New Mexico.</p>
Crotalus viridis (Viperidae) - whole organism
Image of Crotalus viridis (Viperidae) - whole organism
Crotalus viridis (Viperidae) - whole organism
Image of Crotalus viridis (Viperidae) - whole organism
Crotalus viridis (Viperidae) - whole organism
Image of Crotalus viridis (Viperidae) - whole organism
Data from: Scaling and relations of morphology with locomotor kinematics in the sidewinder rattlesnake Crotalus cerastes
<p>The movement of limbless terrestrial animals differs fundamentally from that of limbed animals, yet few scaling studies of their locomotor kinematics and morphology are available. We examined scaling and relations of morphology and locomotion in sidewinder rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes). During sidewinding locomotion, a snake lifts sections of its body up and forward while other sections maintain static ground contact. We used high-speed video to quantify whole-animal speed and acceleration; the height to which body sections are lifted; and the frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and skew angle (degree of tilting) of the body wave. Kinematic variables were not sexually dimorphic, and most did not deviate from isometry, except wave amplitude. Larger sidewinders were not faster, contrary to many results from limbed terrestrial animals. Free from the need to maintain dynamic similarity (because their locomotion is dominated by friction rather than inertia), limbless species may have greater freedom to modulate speed independently of body size. Path analysis supported: (1) a hypothesized relationship between body width and wavelength, indicating that stouter sidewinders form looser curves; (2) a strong relationship between cycle frequency and whole-animal speed; and (3) weaker effects of wavelength (positive) and amplitude (negative) on speed. We suggest that sidewinding snakes may face a limit on stride length (to which amplitude and wavelength both contribute), beyond which they sacrifice stability. Thus, increasing frequency may be the best way to increase speed. Finally, frequency and skew angle were correlated, a result that deserves future study from the standpoint of both kinematics and physiology.</p>
Phylogenomic discordance is driven by wide-spread introgression and incomplete lineage sorting during rapid species diversification within rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus and Sistrurus)
<p>Phylogenomics allows us to uncover the historical signal of evolutionary processes through time and estimate phylogenetic networks accounting for these signals. Insight from genome-wide data further allows us to pinpoint the contributions to phylogenetic signal from hybridization, introgression, and ancestral polymorphism across the genome. Here, we focus on how these processes have contributed to phylogenetic discordance among rattlesnakes (genera <em>Crotalus</em> and <em>Sistrurus</em>), a group for which there are numerous conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses based on a diverse array of molecular datasets and analytical methods. We address the instability of the rattlesnake phylogeny using genomic data generated from transcriptomes sampled from nearly all known species. These genomic data, analyzed with coalescent and network-based approaches, reveal numerous instances of rapid speciation where individual gene trees conflict with the species tree. Moreover, the evolutionary history of rattlesnakes is dominated by incomplete speciation and frequent hybridization, both of which have likely influenced past interpretations of phylogeny. We present a new framework in which the evolutionary relationships of this group can only be understood in light of genome-wide data and network-based analytical methods. Our data suggest that network radiations, like those seen within the rattlesnakes, can only be understood in a phylogenomic context, necessitating similar approaches in our attempts to understand evolutionary history in other rapidly radiating species.</p> <p>La filogenómica nos permite descubrir la señal histórica de los procesos evolutivos a través del tiempo y estimar redes filogenéticas tomando en cuenta estas señales. El conocimiento de datos genómicos incluso permiten distinguir la contribución de la señal filogenética de la hibridación, introgresión, y de polimorfismos ancestrales a lo largo del genoma. En este trabajo nos enfocamos en como estos procesos han contribuido a la discordancia filogenética entre las serpientes de cascabel, un grupo en el que hay numerosos conflictos en las hipótesis filogenéticas obtenidas de un grupo variado de datos moleculares y métodos analíticos. Nosotros abordamos la inestabilidad de la filogenia de las serpientes de cascabel (generos <em>Crotalus</em> y <em>Sistrurus</em>) usando datos genómicos generados de transcriptomas muestreados en la mayoría de las especies conocidas. Estos datos genómicos, analizados con métodos basados en coalescencia y redes filogenéticas, revelaron numerosos casos de especiación rápida donde los arboles de genes individuales conflictúan con el árbol de especies. Además, la historia evolutiva de las serpientes de cascabel esta dominada por una especiación incompleta y una frecuente hibridación, las cuales probablemente han influenciado interpretaciones pasadas de las filogenias. Nosotros presentamos un nuevo marco en el que las relaciones evolutivas de este grupo solo pueden ser entendidas en base a datos de genomicos y métodos analíticos basados en redes filogenéticas. Nuestros datos sugieren que la radiación en redes filogenéticas, como se ha visto dentro de las serpientes de cascabel, solo puede ser entendida en un contexto filogenómico, necesitando aproximaciones similares en nuestro intento de entender la historia evolutiva en otras especies con radiaciones rápidas.</p>
Data from: Local prey community composition and genetic distance predict venom divergence among populations of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus)
Identifying the environmental correlates of divergence in functional traits between populations can provide insights into the evolutionary mechanisms that generate local adaptation. Here, we assess patterns of population differentiation in expressed venom proteins in Northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) from 13 locations across California. We evaluate the relative importance of major biotic (prey species community composition), abiotic (temperature, precipitation, and elevation) and genetic factors (genetic distance based on RADseq loci) as correlates of population divergence in venom phenotypes. We found that over half of the variation in venom composition is associated with among-population differentiation for genetic and environmental variables, and that this variation occurred along axes defining previously observed functional trade-offs between venom proteins that have neurotoxic, myotoxic and hemorrhagic effects. Surprisingly, genetic differentiation among populations was the best predictor of venom divergence, accounting for 46% of overall variation, whereas differences in prey community composition and abiotic factors explained smaller amounts of variation (23% and 19%, respectively). The association between genetic differentiation and venom composition could be due to an isolation by distance effect or, more likely it may reflect an isolation-by-environment effect where selection against recent migrants is strong, producing a correlation between neutral genetic differentiation and venom differentiation. Our findings suggest that even coarse estimates of prey community composition can be useful in understanding the selection pressures acting on patterns of venom protein expression. Additionally, our results suggest that factors other than adaptation to spatial variation in prey need to be considered when explaining population divergence in venom.
Male dispersal drives gene flow in Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus)
<p class="MsoNormal">Threatened across much of their range, timber rattlesnakes (<em>Crotalus horridus</em>) exhibit patterns in movement and genetic diversity that are shaped by many aspects of their environments in ways that may foster or constrain conservation. We combine movement data with nuclear and mitochondrial population genetic data to understand the population structure of snakes in four overwintering sites (hibernacula) in central Pennsylvania. Our analyses support the conclusion that hibernacula separated by only a few kilometers can represent genetically distinct populations. In addition, as the first dataset to compare nuclear and mitochondrial patterns in<em> C. horridus</em>, we provide novel evidence for how likely asymmetry in gene flow (with males responsible for inter-hibernaculum matings) shapes timber rattlesnake population genetics.</p>
Data from: Cryptic diversity in the Mexican highlands: thousands of UCE loci help illuminate phylogenetic relationships, species limits and divergence times of montane rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus)
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Data from: Variation in defensive and exploratory behaviors across a rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus × viridis) hybrid zone in southwestern New Mexico
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Data from: Scaling and relations of morphology with locomotor kinematics in the sidewinder rattlesnake Crotalus cerastes
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Phylogenomic discordance is driven by wide-spread introgression and incomplete lineage sorting during rapid species diversification within rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus and Sistrurus)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Hunting behavior and feeding ecology of Mojave Rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus), Prairie Rattlesnakes (C. viridis), and their hybrids in southwestern New Mexico
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Male dispersal drives gene flow in Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Local prey community composition and genetic distance predict venom divergence among populations of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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