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Figure 1. A in The giant salamanders (Cryptobranchidae): Part A. palaeontology, phylogeny, genetics, and morphology

Figure 1. A North American giant salamander (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) shows the characteristic morphology of the cryptobranchids; large robust dorso-ventrally flattened head and body, small eyes, thick legs with stubby digits, lateral folds of skin for respiration, and sensory papillae for detecting water movement and prey (laterally flattened tail not shown). Image and copyright by Ray Miebaum.

Figure 4 in The giant salamanders (Cryptobranchidae): Part A. palaeontology, phylogeny, genetics, and morphology

Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree showing ancestry of cryptobranchids and their hypothesized relationships to other amphibians. Adapt- ed from Roelants et al. 2007.

Figure 6 in The giant salamanders (Cryptobranchidae): Part A. palaeontology, phylogeny, genetics, and morphology

Figure 6. An early figure of Japanese giant salamander, Andrias japonicus, showing the dorso-ventrally flattened tail, the very broad head, and massive bulk of the Andrias species. The skeleton has remained almost unchanged for tens of millions of years. Image from G. Mösch, Der Japanische Riesensalaman- der und der fossile Salamander von Oeningen, Neujahrsblatt der NGZH Nr. 89, 1887. Cryptobranchus japoniens Y. de Hoev. (Japanischer Riesensalamander.) Nach einer Photographie gezeichnet, in etwas mehr als 1/3 der natürlichen Grösse.

Figure 3 in The giant salamanders (Cryptobranchidae): Part A. palaeontology, phylogeny, genetics, and morphology

Figure 3. The Late Oligocene to Early Pliocene (23.0 to 5.3 MYA) species A. scheuchzeri was distributed from Central Europe to the Zaissan Basin on the border of Kazakhstan and China. Fossil room II, Teylers Museum, The Netherlands Andrias scheuchzeri Oeningen. Courtesy of: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrias_scheuchzeri

Figure 2 in The giant salamanders (Cryptobranchidae): Part A. palaeontology, phylogeny, genetics, and morphology

Figure 2. Fossil salamanders strongly support an east Asian (red ellipse) origin for the Cryptobranchoidea. The continents were distributed very differently in the Mid-Jurassic (170 MYA) before continental drift moved them to their present locations. However, Eurasia and North America remained in the Northern Hemisphere. By the Late Pliocene (3 MYA) the continents had moved to their present positions. Image courtesy of palaeos site: http://palaeos.com/mesozoic/jurassic/midjura.html. Adapted from Gao and Shubin, 2003.

Figure 5 a, b in The giant salamanders (Cryptobranchidae): Part A. palaeontology, phylogeny, genetics, and morphology

Figure 5 a, b. Taking tissue samples from tail clips (Image: Amy McMillan) or blood samples (Image: Jeff Briggler) enables conservation geneticists to assess an individual's relationship to other individual cryptobranchids and the relationship of its population to other populations of the same species.

FIGURE 4 in Morphological differentiation in giant salamanders, Andrias japonicus, A. davidianus, and their hybrids (Urodela, Cryptobranchidae), and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 4. The typical color pattern of the two species of giant salamanders and their hybrid. Andrias japonicus (upper), A. davidianus (middle), and first filial hybrid individual (lower).

FIGURE 3 in Morphological differentiation in giant salamanders, Andrias japonicus, A. davidianus, and their hybrids (Urodela, Cryptobranchidae), and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 3. Box plots of ratio of HW to SVL (A), ratio of VTW to SVL (B), and ratio of TAL to SVL (C) of Andrias japonicus (JM, males; JF, females), A. davidianus (DM, males; DF, females), and their hybrids (HM, males; HF, females). (* P <0.05; ** P <0.01; *** P <0.001; ns, P ≥ 0.05).

FIGURE 2 in Morphological differentiation in giant salamanders, Andrias japonicus, A. davidianus, and their hybrids (Urodela, Cryptobranchidae), and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 2. Scatter plots of CAN1 and CAN2 (A), and box plots of CAN1(B) of Andrias japonicus (JM, males; JF, females), A. davidianus (DM, males; DF, females), and their hybrids (HM, males; HF, females). In scatter plots (A), circles show plots of A. japonicus, diamonds show A. davidianus, and triangles show hybrids; closed symbols show males and open symbols show females. (* P <0.05; ** P <0.01; *** P <0.001; ns, P ≥ 0.05).

FIGURE 1 in Morphological differentiation in giant salamanders, Andrias japonicus, A. davidianus, and their hybrids (Urodela, Cryptobranchidae), and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 1. Morphological character dimensions. (A) Ventral view of the whole specimen; (B) dorsal view of the head; (C) left lateral view of the head; (D) palatal view of the upper jaw; (E) dorsal view of the left hand; (F) dorsal view of the left foot; (G) left lateral view of the tail; (H) dorsal view of the head showing tubercles; (I) ventral view of the head showing tubercles. Roman numerals indicate digit numbers.