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Figs. 1–8. Maderesmus hoogstraali. 1 in Notes on Maderesmus hoogstraali (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Cryptodesmidae) and new locality record from Mexico

Figs. 1–8. Maderesmus hoogstraali. 1, Female specimen, dorsal aspect; 2, head, collum, and tergites 3–5, dorsal aspect; 3, tergite 7, dorsal aspect; 4, the characteristics of the limbus; 5–8, lef gonopod in anterior (5), lateral (6), posterior (7), and medial (8) views. Drawings from Ubaldo Sebastián Flores Guerrero. Scale bar figures 1, 2, 3, and 5–8 = 0.5 mm; scale bar figure 4 = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 6. Ophrydesmus anichkini Golovatch, 2015 in Further notes on the millipede family Cryptodesmidae in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species from Indochina (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Fig. 6. Ophrydesmus anichkini Golovatch, 2015, male from Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Vietnam. A, Live male, dorsal view; B, alcohol-fixed male, lateral view; C, enlarged gonopods, lateral view. Pictures taken not to scale.

Fig. 8 in Further notes on the millipede family Cryptodesmidae in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species from Indochina (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Fig. 8. Ophrydesmus kedahensis (Wang & Tang, 1965), male holotype from Baling, Kedah, Malaysia. A, Segment 7 with gonopodal aperture and an intact left gonopod in situ, ventral view; B, removed right gonopod, sublateral view; C, removed right gonopod, submesal view; D, enlarged telopodite of left gonopod, submesal view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm (A–C) or not to scale (D). Designations: ap = anterior process; cp = posterior process; sl = solenomere.

Fig. 5 in Further notes on the millipede family Cryptodesmidae in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species from Indochina (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Fig. 5. Carinocryptus semenyukae, new species, male holotype. A, Leg 9, lateral view; B, left gonopod, mesal view; C, left gonopod, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Designations: a = anlage of an accessory seminal chamber; b = basal branch; d = seminal duct; e = retrorse tip of seminal duct; l = rugged caudal lobe; s = apical swelling of basal branch; sl = solenomere; sph = solenophorous branch; t = tooth on anterior lobe.

Fig. 2 in Further notes on the millipede family Cryptodesmidae in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species from Indochina (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Fig. 2. Circulocryptus kompantsevi, new species, holotype. A, Leg 9, lateral view; B, right gonopod, lateral view; C, right gonopod, mesal view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm (A) and 0.2 mm (B, C). Designations: a = accessory seminal chamber; b = basal branch; l = hyaline fringed lobe at base of solenomere; p = prefemoral process; sl = solenomere; sph = solenophorous branch.

Fig. 4 in Further notes on the millipede family Cryptodesmidae in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species from Indochina (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Fig. 4. Carinocryptus semenyukae, new species, male paratype. Habitus (segment 7 removed), A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Pictures taken not to scale.

Fig. 1 in Further notes on the millipede family Cryptodesmidae in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species from Indochina (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Fig. 1. Circulocryptus kompantsevi, new species, holotype. Habitus, A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, anteroventral view; D, posteroventral view. Pictures taken not to scale.

Fig. 3 in Further notes on the millipede family Cryptodesmidae in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species from Indochina (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Fig. 3. Carinocryptus semenyukae, new species, male paratype. Habitus, A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, anteroventral view; D, posteroventral view. Pictures taken not to scale.

Fig. 7 in Further notes on the millipede family Cryptodesmidae in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species from Indochina (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Fig. 7. Ophrydesmus kedahensis (Wang & Tang, 1965), fragmented male holotype from Baling, Kedah, Malaysia. Habitus, A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 12. Elythemus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978 in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 12. Elythemus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978, specimens from Uluguru Mts, at Bunduki Village. A. 2 ♂♂ (NHMD 621814), dorsal view. B. ♂ (NHMD 621814), ventral view. C. ♀ (NHMD 621814), lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm. Photo: S.G. Selvantharan.

Fig. 11 in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 11. Cryptocorypha exovo sp. nov., holotype (NHMD 621840), ♂, right gonopod. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view. C. Mesal view. D. Anterior view. E. Close-up of circled area in D, showing cannula. Abbreviations: bt = basal part of telopodite; ca = cannula; cx = coxa; de = denticles; ex = exomere; slm = solenomere; x = 'dirt', not part of the gonopod. Scale bars: A–D = 0.02 mm; E = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 4 in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 4. Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov., paratype (NHMD 621824), ♂, from Kidatu, telson. A. (Posterio)-dorsal view B. Ventral view. C. Oblique lateral view. D. Spinnerets. Abbreviations: av = anal valve; ss = subanal scale. Scale bars: A = 0.01 mm; B–C = 0.02 mm; D = 0.005 mm.

Fig. 15. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978 in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 15. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978, ♀ (NHMD 621780) from Kidatu. A. Head and rings 1–5, ventral view. B. Right antenna, ventro-latgeral view. C. Leg pairs 1–2, plus left legs 3–4, and epigynal ridge (arrow), ventral view. D. Leg pairs 1–2 and epigynal ridge, ventro-lateral view. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B–D = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6 in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 6. Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov., paratype (NHMD 621824), ♂, from Kidatu. A–C. Left gonopod. A. (Sub)mesal view. B. Lateral view. C. (Sub)ventral view. D. Right gonopod, Posterio-mesal view. Abbreviations: bt = basal part of telopodite; cx = coxa; ex = exomere; slm = solenomere; ve = velum(?). Scale bars = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 2 in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 2. Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov. A–E. Paratype (NHMD 621824), ♂, from Kidatu. F. Paratype (NHMD 621829), ♂, from Mitu Mitato. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, (sub)posterior view. C. Head, sublateral view (left side). D. Bases of first and second pairs of legs. E. First and second pair of legs. F. Leg of second pair, tarsus. Abbreviations: fu = epibiotic fungus, possibly Basiodiobolus sp.; go = gonopore. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; C = 0.05 mm; D–F = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 13. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978 in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 13. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978, ♂♂, from Kidatu. A, E–G. ♂ (NHMD 621778). B–D. ♂ (NHMD 621779). A. Head and collum, frontal view. B. Gnathochilarium and mandibles, ventral view. C. Ring 9, treated with ultrasound. D. Midbody leg. E. Spinnerets on telson. F. Gonopodal aperture, posterior-ventral view. G. Apodous ring and telson, posterior view. Scale bars: A–D, F–G = 0.1 mm; E = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 14. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978 in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 14. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978, ♂♂ from Kidatu. A–B. ♂ (NHMD 621779). C–E. ♂ (NHMD 621778). A. Metazonital tubercles after mechanical removal of blackish secretion, showing rows of hair-like processes. B. Limbus.C. Microsculpture of anterior part of prozona. D–E. Metazonital setae showing articulation and flattened tip. Scale bars: A = 0.05 mm; B–C, E = 0.01 mm; D = 0.001 mm.

Fig. 17. Elythemus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978 in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 17. Elythemus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978, variation in body width and number of body rings of males from the Udzungwa Mts. Abbreviations: UDZ SCARP = Udzungwa Scarp Catchment Forest Reserve; UMNP = Udzungwa Mts National Park.

Fig. 5 in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 5. Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov., gonopods in situ. A–B. Paratype (NHMD 621824), ♂, from Kidatu. A. Ventro-anterior view. B. Subposterior view. C. Paratype (NHMD 621829), ♂, from Mitu Mitatu, latero-posterior view. Scale bars = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 16. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978, gonopods. A in A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 16. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978, gonopods. A. Topotype, ♂, with 18 podous rings from Amani, East Usambara Mts (NHMD 621816), right gonopod, ventral view. B–E. ♂ (NHMD 621778) with 17 podous rings from Kidatu, left gonopod. B. Ventral view. C. Oblique (slightly apical) mesoventral view. D. Mesal view. E. Lateral view. F. Specimen (NHMD 621787) with 18 podous rings from Kidatu, right gonopod, meso-ventral view. Scale bars: A–E = 0.1 mm; F = 0.05 mm.