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18 results for “Cryptodira”
Figure 6 in Turtle shell bone and osteoderm histology of Mesozoic and Cenozoic stem-trionychian Adocidae and Nanhsiungchelyidae (Cryptodira: Adocusia) from Central Asia, Mongolia, and North America
Figure 6. Bone histology of Trionychidae indet. (ZIN PH 11/101). Images (a), (b), (f), and (g) are in polarised light, images (c) and (e) in normal transmitted light, and image (d) in polarised light applying a lambda compensator. (a) Composite overview image assembled from several images and transferred on a black background. Note distally tapering of the internal cortex. (b) Close-up of cancellous bone and internal cortex, the latter being composed of parallel-fibred bone tissue. (c, d) Close-up of distal end of the specimen. The cancellous bone is subsequently substituted by a loose meshwork of longitudinal coarse fibre bundles. (e, f) Close-up of the proximal part of external cortex, showing a thick, more external zone of predominantly parallel trending interwoven structural fibres (mirroring parallel-fibred bone tissue arrangement), overlying a thin plywood-like system of the more internal zone. Note oblique coarser Sharpey's fibres extending over the plies. (g) Close-up of a more distally situated part the external cortex, where the individual plies of the more internal zone have increased to about twice the thickness seen in the more proximal part of the cortex. The interwoven structural fibre bundles of the more external zone show a more homogeneous distribution instead of dominance of horizontally arranged fibre bundles. Abbreviations: CB, cancellous bone; EC, erosion cavity; ECO; external cortex; EZ, more external zone; GM, growth mark; ICO, internal cortex; IZ, more internal zone, ISF, interwoven structural fibre bundles; lsFB, longitudinally sectioned fibre bundle; PC, primary vascular canal; PFB, parallel-fibred bone; ShF, Sharpey's fibres.
Figure 4 in Turtle shell bone and osteoderm histology of Mesozoic and Cenozoic stem-trionychian Adocidae and Nanhsiungchelyidae (Cryptodira: Adocusia) from Central Asia, Mongolia, and North America
Figure 4. Shell bone histology of Basilemys sp. from North America. Image (a) is in normal transmitted light, and images (b–f) are in polarised light. (a, b) Section of the external cortex of the peripheral YPM 9703 showing characteristic spindle-shaped organisation of growth marks and the "pock-mark" sculpturing pattern of the bone surface. Note "lateral" shift between successive layers causing phasedelayed "saddle and valley" ornamentation pattern. (c) Close-up of the trabecular meshwork of interior cancellous bone of YPM 9703. Note interstitial primary bone matrix in trabecular nodes. (d) Close-up of the internal cortex of the peripheral shell fragment FM P27371. Parallel-fibred bone is vascularised by scattered primary osteons and simple vascular canals. (e) Close-up of the apical external cortex of the spiked osteoderm TMP 80.08.296, showing the external "pock-mark" sculpturing pattern and the spindle-shaped arrangement of bone tissue. (f) Close-up of the internal and lateral cortex of TMP 80.08.296. Note regular arrangement of transversely and longitudinally sectioned interwoven structural fibre bundles. Abbreviations: CB, cancellous bone; ISF, interwoven structural fibre bundles; LB, lamellar bone; lsFB, longitudinally sectioned fibre bundle; PC, primary vascular canal; PO, primary osteon, PFB, parallel-fibred bone; SO, secondary osteon; trFB, transversely sectioned fibre bundle.
Figure 3 in Turtle shell bone and osteoderm histology of Mesozoic and Cenozoic stem-trionychian Adocidae and Nanhsiungchelyidae (Cryptodira: Adocusia) from Central Asia, Mongolia, and North America
Figure 3. Bone histology of Nanhsiungchelyidae from Central Asia and Mongolia. Images (a) and (e) are in normal transmitted light, images (c) and (f) in polarised light, and (b) and (d) in polarised light applying a lambda compensator. (a, b) Close-up of external cortex of ZIN PH 38/80 (Nanhsiungchelyidae indet.). The more external zone shows growth marks, representing resorption lines in the cortical tissue. The more internal zone shows interwoven structural fibre bundles, vascularised by primary osteons and simple vascular canals. Note scattered secondary osteons. (c, d) Close-up of the external cortex of PIN 3458 (Hanbogdemys orientalis). Note presence of fibres extending perpendicular to the bone surface and subparallel growth marks in the external-most layers. Isolated primary vascular canals open up to the bone surface as small foramina. Note succession of resorption lines in the cortex. (e, f) Close-up of the interior cancellous bone and internal cortex of PIN 3458 (Hanbogdemys orientalis). The cortical parallel-fibred bone tissue is increasingly invaded by erosion cavities, only in parts lined with centripetally deposited secondary lamellar bone. Abbreviations: EC, erosion cavity; GM, growth mark; ISF, interwoven structural fibre bundles; OP, ornamentation pattern; PC, primary vascular canal; PFB, parallel-fibred bone; RL, resorption line; SO, secondary osteon; TR, trabecular bone.
Figure 5 in Turtle shell bone and osteoderm histology of Mesozoic and Cenozoic stem-trionychian Adocidae and Nanhsiungchelyidae (Cryptodira: Adocusia) from Central Asia, Mongolia, and North America
Figure 5. Bone histology of Trionychidae indet. (ZIN PH 3/75). Images (a) and (e) are in normal transmitted light, images (b) and (f) in polarised light, and (c) and (d) in polarised light applying a lambda compensator. (a–c) Close-up of the external cortex showing the plywoodlike system below the external ornamentation pattern. Note internal organisation of plies into fibre bundle quadrangles (see Scheyer et al., 2007), visible as alternating light and dark bundles (b) or yellow-orange and blue-violet bundles (c). Internal to the ply system the bone is coarsely cancellous. (d) Close up of the plywood-like system showing the longitudinally trending plies separating the plies, which show the alternating longitudinally sectioned (yellow-orange) and cross-sectioned (blue-violet) fibre bundle quadrangles. (e) Interior cancellous bone showing predominantly remodelled trabeculae and horizontally oblong intertrabecular cavities. (f) Close-up of the internal cortex showing lamellar zonal bone grading into parallel-fibred bone. Abbreviations: CCB, coarse cancellous bone; FBQ, fibre bundle quadrangles; ISF, interwoven structural fibre bundles; LSO, longitudinally sectioned secondary osteon; LZB-PFB, lamellar zonal bone-parallel-fibred bone; OP, ornamentation pattern; PC, primary vascular canal; PFB, parallel-fibred bone; ShF, Sharpey's fibres; TR, trabecular bone.
Figure 2 in Turtle shell bone and osteoderm histology of Mesozoic and Cenozoic stem-trionychian Adocidae and Nanhsiungchelyidae (Cryptodira: Adocusia) from Central Asia, Mongolia, and North America
Figure 2. Bone histology of Adocidae from Central Asia and Mongolia. Images (a), (c), and (e) are in normal transmitted light, images (b), (d), and (f) in polarised light. (a) Close-up of the external cortex of ZIN PH 84/87 ("Ferganemys" itemirensis). Growth marks are visible in the more external zone, whereas the more internal zone is dominated by an extensive reticular vascularisation pattern. (b) Close-up of the external cortex of ZIN PH 2/116 (Shachemys sp., xiphiplastron: external bone surface is in lower part of image). The more external zone shows highly birefringent growth marks, whereas the more internal zone is increasingly remodelled by secondary osteons. (c) Close-up of the external cortex of ZIN PH 92 (Adocus dzhurtasensis). Note absence of the more external zone. (d) Interior coarse cancellous bone of ZIN PH 593/64 (Adocus foveatus). (e) Close-up of the interior trabecular bone of ZIN PH 2/91 (Adocus sp.). (f) Close-up of the internal cortex of ZIN PH 37/86 ("Ferganemys" itermirensis, plastron fragment) showing parallel-fibred bone grading into lamellar bone. Note the light and dark extinction pattern of the tissue. Abbreviations: EC, erosion cavities; GM, growth mark; ISF, interwoven structural fibre bundles; PFBLZB, parallel-fibred bone-lamellar zonal bone; PC, primary vascular canal; RVP, reticular vascularisation pattern; SO, secondary osteon; TR, trabecular bone.
Figure 1 in Turtle shell bone and osteoderm histology of Mesozoic and Cenozoic stem-trionychian Adocidae and Nanhsiungchelyidae (Cryptodira: Adocusia) from Central Asia, Mongolia, and North America
Figure 1. Shell bone histology of Adocus sp. from North America. Image (a) is in normal transmitted light, and images (b–d) are in polarised light. Close-up of the interwoven structural fibre bundles of external cortex of the peripheral UCMP V87101/150201. (a, b) Note presence of growth marks and perpendicular fibre bundles in the more external zone. The more internal zone shows fine-fibred homogeneous structure of the ISF. (c) Close-up of interior trabecular and coarse cancellous bone of the costal UCMP V87101/150200. (d) Close-up of parallel-fibred bone of internal cortex of the costal UCMP V87101/150200. The bone tissue is vascularised by few scattered primary vascular canals only. Abbreviations: EC, erosion cavities; GM, growth mark; ISF, interwoven structural fibre bundles; LB, lamellar bone; PC, primary vascular canal; PFB, parallel-fibred bone; SO, secondary osteon.
Fig. 9 in Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision
Fig. 9. Ordosemys liaoxiensis (Ji, 1995), GM V3001, Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. Detail of forelimb. Scale bar = 50 mm. Abbreviations: dc, distal central; int, intermedium; mc, metacarpal; med cent, medial central; p, phalanx; pis, pisiform; uln, ulnare.
Fig. 7 in Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision
Fig. 7. Ordosemys liaoxiensis (Ji, 1995), GM V3002, Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. Shell in dorsal view. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Fig. 4 in Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision
Fig. 4. Ordosemys liaoxiensis (Ji, 1995), GM V30004, Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. Skull in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and right lateral (C) views. Key for figure 3.
Fig. 6 in Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision
Fig. 6. Ordosemys liaoxiensis (Ji, 1995), GM V30001 and GM V30002, Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. Shell in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Key for figure 5.
Fig. 3 in Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision
Fig. 3. Ordosemys liaoxiensis (Ji, 1995), GM V30004, Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. Skull in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and right lateral (C) views. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Fig. 1 in Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision
Fig. 1. Ordosemys liaoxiensis (Ji, 1995), GM V3001, Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. Skeleton in ventral view. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Fig. 8 in Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision
Fig. 8. Ordosemys liaoxiensis (Ji, 1995), GM V3001, Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. Detail of tail. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Fig. 5 in Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision
Fig. 5. Ordosemys liaoxiensis (Ji, 1995), GM V30001 and GM V30002, Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. Shell in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Fig. 2 in Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision
Fig. 2. Ordosemys liaoxiensis (Ji, 1995), GM V3001, Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. Skull in ventral view. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Figure 3 in Translating natural history into geographic space: a macroecological perspective on the North American Slider, Trachemys scripta (Reptilia, Cryptodira, Emydidae)
Figure 3. Trachemys scripta records (white dots) used for model training and the species' potential distribution according to a MAXENT Climate Envelope Model based on mean temperature of all 12 months as variables. Darker grey-scale suggests higher climatic suitability.
Figure 1 in Translating natural history into geographic space: a macroecological perspective on the North American Slider, Trachemys scripta (Reptilia, Cryptodira, Emydidae)
Figure 1. (A) Boxplots illustrating the variability of the monthly mean temperature at 377 distribution records within the native range of Trachemys scripta. Note that the variation is lowest during the incubation of eggs (June–August). Crosses indicate mean values, horizontal bars the upper and lower quartiles and the median. (B) Performance of monthly mean temperature observed at the Slider records in models computed with single variables (see text). Higher area under curve (AUC) values suggest that the respective model has a higher ability to distinguish climatic conditions at Slider records from random background.
Figure 2 in Translating natural history into geographic space: a macroecological perspective on the North American Slider, Trachemys scripta (Reptilia, Cryptodira, Emydidae)
Figure 2. MAXENT Climate Envelope Models computed using the mean temperature for each month as single variables. Darker grey-scale suggests higher climatic suitability (same scale as in Figure 3). Species records used for modelling are indicated by white dots.
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