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18 results for “Cultural transmission”
Stone-assisted drumming in Western chimpanzees and its implications for communication and cultural transmission
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The cultural transmission of causally (ir)relevant actions in the laboratory: Does modelling or verbal instruction lead to greater copying fidelity?
<p>This study examines the fidelity with which adults vs. children transmit a set of actions within diffusion chains (generations 1 to 3). The set consisted of causally relevant and causally irrelevant actions. Half of the adult and half of the child chains transmitted the actions via demonstration (next participant saw the previous perform the actions on video); the other half transmitted them verbally (next participant listened to audio file the previous participant describe his/her actions). We measured whether the actions were retained (i.e. re-produced by each next participant in the chain).</p>
Data from: A novel method to analyze social transmission in chronologically sequenced assemblages, implemented on cultural inheritance of the art of cooking
Here we present an analytical technique for the measurement and evaluation of changes in chronologically sequenced assemblages. To illustrate the method, we studied the cultural evolution of European cooking as revealed in seven cook books dispersed over the past 800 years. We investigated if changes in the set of commonly used ingredients were mainly gradual or subject to fashion fluctuations. Applying our method to the data from the cook books revealed that overall, there is a clear continuity in cooking over the ages – cooking is knowledge that is passed down through generations, not something (re-)invented by each generation on its own. Looking at three main categories of ingredients separately (spices, animal products and vegetables), however, disclosed that all ingredients do not change according to the same pattern. While choice of animal products was very conservative, changing completely sequentially, changes in the choices of spices, but also of vegetables, were more unbounded. We hypothesize that this may be due a combination of fashion fluctuations and changes in availability due to contact with the Americas during our study time period. The presented method is also usable on other assemblage type data, and can thus be of utility for analyzing sequential archaeological data from the same area or other similarly organized material.
Women's subsistence networks scaffold cultural transmission among BaYaka foragers in the Congo Basin
<p><span>In hunter-gatherer societies, women's subsistence activities are crucial for food provisioning and children's social learning, but they are understudied relative to men's activities. To better understand the structure of women's foraging networks, we present data of 230 days focal-follows in a BaYaka community. To analyze these data, we develop a stochastic block model for repeat observations with uneven sampling. We find that women's subsistence networks are characterized by cooperation between kin, gender homophily, and mixed age-group composition. During early-childhood, individuals preferentially co-forage with adult kin, but those in middle-childhood and adolescence are likely to co-forage with non-kin peers, providing opportunities for horizontal learning. By quantifying the probability of co-foraging ties across age-classes and relatedness levels, our findings provide insights into the scope for social learning during women's subsistence activities in a real-world foraging population and provide ground-truth values for key parameters used in formal models of cumulative cultural change.</span></p>
A new modulator of cultural transmission: congruence between learning and onward transmission contexts
<p>This study investigated the effects of congruence between two contexts -the one in which we learn variants and the one in which we later transmit them- on cultural transmission. We hypothesized that when we are placed in a particular context, we will be more likely to produce (and therefore transmit) variants that we learned in that same context. In particular, we tested the effect of a social contextual aspect: the relationship between model and learner. Participants learned two variant methods to solve a puzzle, one from an “expert” (in an expert-to-novice context) and one from a “peer” (in a peer-to-peer context). They were then asked to transmit one variant onward, either to a “novice” (in a new expert-to-novice context) or to another “peer” (in a new peer-to-peer context). We measured whose variant they transmitted onward.</p>
Data from: The importance of population heterogeneities in detecting social learning as the foundation of animal cultural transmission
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>High levels of within-population behavioural variation can have drastic demographic consequences, thus changing the evolutionary fate of populations. A major source of within-population heterogeneity is personality. Nonetheless, it is still relatively rarely accounted for in social learning studies that constitute the most basic process of cultural transmission. Here, we perform in female mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia holbrooki</em>) a social learning experiment in the context of mate choice, a situation called mate copying, and for which there is strong evidence that it can lead to the emergence of persistent traditions of preferring a given male phenotype. </span><span class="TexteCourant1Car"><span>When accounting for the </span></span><span>global</span><span class="TexteCourant1Car"> <span>tendency of females to prefer lager males </span></span><span>but ignoring differences in personality we detected no evidence for mate copying. However, when accounting for the bold-shy dichotomy, we found that bold females did not show any evidence for mate copying, while shy females showed significant amounts of mate copying. This illustrates how the presence of variation in personality can hamper our capacity to detect mate copying. We conclude that mate copying may be more widespread than we thought because many studies ignored the presence of within-population heterogeneities.</span></p>
Song complexity is maintained during inter-population cultural transmission of humpback whale songs
<p>Among animal species, the songs of male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a rare example of social learning between entire populations. Understanding fine-scale similarity in song patterns and structural features will better clarify how accurately songs are learned during inter-population transmission. Here, six distinct song types (2009–2015) transmitted from the east Australian to New Caledonian populations were quantitatively analysed using fine-scale song features. Results found that New Caledonian whales learned each song type with high accuracy regardless of the pattern's complexity. However, there were rare instances of themes (stereotyped patterns of sound units) only sung by a single population. These occurred more often in progressively changing 'evolutionary' songs compared to rapidly changing 'revolutionary' songs. Our results suggest that populations do not need to reduce complexity to accurately learn song patterns. Populations may also incorporate changes and embellishments into songs in the form of themes which are suggested to be learnt as distinct segments. Maintaining complex song patterns with such accuracy suggests significant acoustic contact, supporting the hypothesis that song learning may occur on shared feeding grounds or migration routes. This study improves the understanding of inter-population mechanisms for large-scale cultural transmission in animals.</p>
Women’s subsistence networks scaffold cultural transmission among BaYaka foragers in the Congo Basin
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Song complexity is maintained during inter-population cultural transmission of humpback whale songs
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Data from: The importance of population heterogeneities in detecting social learning as the foundation of animal cultural transmission
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Data from: A novel method to analyze social transmission in chronologically sequenced assemblages, implemented on cultural inheritance of the art of cooking
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Using Cultural Ceremonies to Reduce Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Transmission
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02311699. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Data from: Multi-network-based diffusion analysis reveals vertical cultural transmission of sponge tool use within dolphin matrilines
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Cultural linkage: the influence of package transmission on cultural dynamics
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Data from: Cultural transmission of tool use combined with habitat specializations leads to fine-scale genetic structure in bottlenose dolphins
[No abstract entered]
Data from: Cultural transmission in an ever-changing world: trial-and-error copying may be more robust than precise imitation
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Data from: Cultural transmission of tool use combined with habitat specializations leads to fine-scale genetic structure in bottlenose dolphins
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Data from: The Risk of Indoor Sports and Culture Events for the Transmission of COVID-19
<p>Files reqiured to run the R-scripts (https://github.com/oliverpurschke/restart19_contacts) for the preparation, analysis and visualization of the UWB-contact tracer data within the Restart-19 project.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.