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Figure 3 in Beetles (Coleoptera) in cones of cycads (Cycadales) of the northern hemisphere: diversity and evolution

Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree for northern hemisphere Pharaxonothinae beetles associated with cycads based on maximum likelihood analysis of 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene sequences, scale bar indicates base pair substitution per nucleotides position, numbers on branches are bootstrap values.

Figure 2 in Beetles (Coleoptera) in cones of cycads (Cycadales) of the northern hemisphere: diversity and evolution

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree for Asian weevils of the Nanoplaxes group based on maximum likelihood analysis of 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene sequences, scale bar indicates base pair substitution per nucleotides position, numbers on branches are bootstrap values.

Figure 1 in Beetles (Coleoptera) in cones of cycads (Cycadales) of the northern hemisphere: diversity and evolution

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree for New World Allocorynina weevils based on maximum likelihood analysis of 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene sequences, scale bar indicates base pair substitution per nucleotides position, numbers on branches are bootstrap values.

Figure 4 in Beetles (Coleoptera) in cones of cycads (Cycadales) of the northern hemisphere: diversity and evolution

Figure 4. Photomicrographs of male genitalia of three Pharaxonothinae genera. A) Cycadophila debonica, dorsal view, intact in the abdomen, showing lateral orientation with apex of aedeagus pointing toward the left side of the body. B) Ceratophila sp., lateral view, removed from the abdomen, tegmen is ventrad of the aedeagus instead of the typical dorsad position. C) Pharaxonotha kirschii, lateral view, displaying pronounced dorsoventral compression compared to the other two genera; tegmen is located ventrad of the aedeagus. a = aedeagus; gc = genital capsule; t = tegmen; scale = 1 mm.

Figure 10 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 10. Pharaxonotha dimorpha from El Farallón, Veracruz, Mexico (B–G: male holotype). A) Female allotype, dorsal habitus. B–D) Male dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. E–F) Male head, dorsal and ventral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe and genital capsule, lateral view. H) Male genital capsule, dorsal view. I) Tegmen attached to median lobe, lateral view top and ventral view bottom. J) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. K) Retracted ovipositor, ventral view. L) Spermatheca (fully inflated).

Figure 11 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 11. Pharaxonotha sclerotiza from Gómez Farias, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (B–I: male holotype). A) Female allotype, dorsal habitus. B–D) Male dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. E–F) Male head, dorsal and ventral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe and genital capsule, ventral views. H) Tegmen attached to median lobe, lateral view. I) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. J) Spermatheca and retracted ovipositor, ventral view. K) Spermatheca (fully inflated).

Figure 1. Pharaxonotha heads, lateral view. A in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 1. Pharaxonotha heads, lateral view. A) P. kirschii, Mpio. Jalpan, Querétaro, Mexico. B) P. bicolor, paratype, San Andres Pápalo, Oaxaca, Mexico. C) P. occidentalis, paratype, El Campanario, Chiapas, Mexico. D) P. vovidesi, paratype, Mt. Oscuro, Veracruz, Mexico.

Figure 6 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 6. Pharaxonotha gigantea from Achotla, Guerrero, Mexico (male holotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Tegmen attached to median lobe, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. G) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. H) Genital capsule, ventral view.

Figure 5 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 5. Pharaxonotha vovidesi from Monte Oscuro, Veracruz, Mexico (A–D, F–I: male holotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head male, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. H) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. I) Male genital capsule, ventral view. J) Spermatheca with retracted ovipositor, ventral view. K) Spermatheca (fully inflated).

Figure 8 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 8. Pharaxonotha occidentalis from El Campanario, Chiapas, Mexico (A–D, F: female allotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. H) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. I) Retracted ovipositor, ventral view. J) Spermatheca (partially inflated).

Figure 4 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 4. Pharaxonotha fawcettae from Linares, Nuevo Leon, Mexico (A–F, J–K: female allotype; G–I: male holotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head female, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. G) Male genital capsule, ventral view. H) Tegmen attached to median lobe, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. I) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. J) Spermatheca with retracted ovipositor, ventral view. K) Spermatheca (fully inflated).

Figure 12 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 12. Pharaxonotha kirschii from Bexar County, Texas, USA. A–C) Male dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Male head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe and genital capsule, ventral view. H) Tegmen attached to median lobe, lateral view. I) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. J) Spermatheca and retracted ovipositor, ventral view. K) Spermatheca (partially inflated).

Figure 3 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 3. Pharaxonotha bicolor (A–J from San Andres Pápalo, Oaxaca, Mexico; female allotype: A–D, F). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. H) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. I) Male genital capsule. J) Spermatheca (partially collapsed) with retracted ovipositor, ventral view. K) Spermatheca (fully inflated) from Puebla, Mexico, near Teotitlán.

Figure 2. Pharaxonotha body parts. A–C in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 2. Pharaxonotha body parts. A–C) Dorsal view of head. A) P. kirschii, Mpio. Jalpan, Querétaro, Mexico. Arrow points to temple. B) P. occidentalis, paratype, El Campanario, Chiapas, Mexico. C) P. vovidesi, paratype, Mt. Oscuro, Veracruz, Mexico.D) P. kirschii, abdominal ventrites, Mpio. Jalpan, Querétaro, Mexico. Arrow points to tooth on ventrite 5. E–F) Antennal clubs. E) P. kirschii, Santa Isabel, Chiapas, Mexico. F) P. sclerotiza, holotype. G) Spermatheca of Pharaxonotha fawcettae from Jalpan de Serra, Querétaro, Mexico indicating the diagnostic structures and orientations used in descriptions.

Figure 7 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 7. Pharaxonotha novoai from Cobo Corrientes, Jalisco, Mexico (A–I: male holotype; J–K: female allotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. G) Genital capsule attached to tegmen and median lobe, ventral view. H) Tegmen attached to median lobe, lateral view. I) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. J) Spermatheca with retracted ovipositor, ventral view. K)

Figure 4 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting cones of the cycad Zamia L. (Cycadales) in Panama, with descriptions of five new species

Figure 4. Pharaxonotha clarkorum found on Zamia hamannii in Bocas del Toro, Panama (A–H: male). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Genital capsule, ventral view. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. H) Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. I) Extended ovipositor with spermatheca, ventral view. J) Spermatheca.

Figure 3 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting cones of the cycad Zamia L. (Cycadales) in Panama, with descriptions of five new species

Figure 3. Pharaxonotha clarkorum paratypes from Costa Rica, Heredia Province, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Finca La Selva (A–I: male). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Male genital capsule, ventral view. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. H) Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. I) Retracted ovipositor with spermatheca, ventral view. J) Spermatheca.

Figure 9. Pharaxonotha panamensis from Z in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting cones of the cycad Zamia L. (Cycadales) in Panama, with descriptions of five new species

Figure 9. Pharaxonotha panamensis from Z. stevensonii (A-E: female allotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Male genital capsule and tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. G) Tegmen, ventral view. H) Parameres of tegmen, lateral view. I) Retracted ovipositor and spermatheca, ventral view. J) Spermatheca (partially inflated).

Figure 7 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting cones of the cycad Zamia L. (Cycadales) in Panama, with descriptions of five new species

Figure 7. Pharaxonotha pseudoparasitica (A–E: female allotype). A-C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. G) Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. H) Male genital capsule, ventral view. I) Extended ovipositor. J) Spermatheca.

Figure 12 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting cones of the cycad Zamia L. (Cycadales) in Panama, with descriptions of five new species

Figure 12. Pharaxonotha kirschii from Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province (A–J: male). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. G) Terminal segment of male abdomen. H) Genital capsule. I) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. J) Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. K) Retracted ovipositor with spermatheca, ventral view. L) Spermatheca.