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12 results for “Cynopterus sphinx”
Fig. 2. Cynopterus sphinx BMNH 6.11.6.42 in Element Homology and the Evolution of Dental Formulae in Megachiropteran Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
Fig. 2. Cynopterus sphinx BMNH 6.11.6.42, presence of a connate incisor formed by the fusion of the crowns of a normal incisor (I2) and a probably atavistic I3.
Data from: Social structure of the harem-forming promiscuous fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx, is the harem truly important?
Bats are social animals and display a diverse variety of mating and social systems, with most species exhibiting some form of polygyny. Their social organization is fluid and individuals frequently switch partners and roosting sites. While harem-like social organization is observed in multiple tropical species, its importance is contested in many of them. In this study, we investigated the role of harems in the social organization of the old world fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx. Based on regular behavioural observations over a period of 20 months and genetic data from microsatellite markers, we observed that the social organization is flexible, individuals regularly shift between roosts and the social organization resembles a fission–fusion society. Behavioural and genetic analyses suggest that the harems are not strict units of social structure, and the colony does not show signatures of subdivision with harems as behavioural units. We also observed that there was no correlation between individuals with high association index and pairwise relatedness. Our findings indicate that similar to the mating system, the social organization of C. sphinx can also be categorized as a fission–fusion society, and hence the term 'harem' is a misnomer. We conclude that the social system of C. sphinx is flexible, with multi-male multi-female organization, and individuals tend to be loyal to a given area rather than a roost.
On following pages: 4. White-collared Fruit Bat (Megaerops albicollis); 5. Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus (Cynopterus horsfieldil); 8. Peters's Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus luzoniensis); 9. Minute Short-nosed Fruit Bat Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus titthaecheilus); 12. Lesser Musky Fruit Bat (Ptenochirus minon; 13. Greater Musky sphinx); 6. Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus brachyotis); 7. Horsfield's Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus minutus); 10. Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus nusatenggara); 11. Indonesian Fruit Bat (Ptenochirus jagorii); 14. Mindanao Fruit Bat (Ptenochirus wetmorel). in Pteropodidae
On following pages: 4. White-collared Fruit Bat (Megaerops albicollis); 5. Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus (Cynopterus horsfieldil); 8. Peters's Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus luzoniensis); 9. Minute Short-nosed Fruit Bat Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus titthaecheilus); 12. Lesser Musky Fruit Bat (Ptenochirus minon; 13. Greater Musky sphinx); 6. Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus brachyotis); 7. Horsfield's Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus minutus); 10. Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus nusatenggara); 11. Indonesian Fruit Bat (Ptenochirus jagorii); 14. Mindanao Fruit Bat (Ptenochirus wetmorel).
FIG. 4 in Daily and seasonal variation in non-acoustic communicative behaviors of male greater short-nosed fruit bats (Cynopterus sphinx)
FIG. 4. Seasonal variation in duration and frequency of A — scent marking, B — wing flapping and C — open wing gesture behaviors. Mean ± SEM of frequency and duration varying between observed months (from January to December 2012). Mean ± SEM of number of attempts and duration was calculated from seven observation sessions for each month
FIG. 2 in Daily and seasonal variation in non-acoustic communicative behaviors of male greater short-nosed fruit bats (Cynopterus sphinx)
FIG. 2. Inter-individual variation in the mean frequency of A — scent marking, B — wing flapping and C — open wing gesture behavior between mating and non-mating seasons. Data shown as the mean of number of attempts (± SEM) made by focal bats between two mating and two non mating seasons. Each data point represents individual focal bat (Animal ID — A to F)
FIG. 3 in Daily and seasonal variation in non-acoustic communicative behaviors of male greater short-nosed fruit bats (Cynopterus sphinx)
FIG. 3. Daily variation in duration and frequency of A — scent marking, B — wing flapping and C — open wing gesture behaviors. Mean ± SEM of frequency and duration between observation sessions (one hour time interval). Mean ± SEM number of attempts and duration of each attempt were calculated for each observation session across 12 months (between January and December 2012) for all focal bats
FIG. 1 in Daily and seasonal variation in non-acoustic communicative behaviors of male greater short-nosed fruit bats (Cynopterus sphinx)
FIG. 1. Non-acoustic communicative displays of male C. sphinx. A — male bat scent marking the interior of palm leaves with its saliva during night time. Circled areas in the picture shows scent marked part of the leaf. B — Tagged male bat co-roosting with females (untagged) in the day roost and displaying open wing gesture during morning hours in the mating season
FIG. 1 in A novel food preference in the greater short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx: mother-pup interaction a strategy for learning
FIG. 1. Out-flying activity of different groups of C. sphinx pups during novel food preference test. The recorded number of out-flying activity did not significantly vary between the groups of pups. Data were shown as 0 ± SEM
FIG. 2 in A novel food preference in the greater short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx: mother-pup interaction a strategy for learning
FIG. 2. Behavioural responses of C. sphinx pups to the novel food during preference test. Pups feeding attempts (A), and feeding bouts (B) to the known and novel fruits, pups trained with mother showed more number of feeding attempts and bouts towards the novel fruits than other group pups. Data were shown as 0 ± SEM; *** — P <0.001
Data from: Social structure of the harem-forming promiscuous fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx, is the harem truly important?
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Data from: Promiscuous mating in the harem-roosting fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx
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Data from: Flight is the key to postprandial blood glucose balance in the fruit bats Eonycteris spelaea and Cynopterus sphinx
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