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12 results for “Cyphostemma”
Fig. 4 in Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson (Vitaceae), a new species from northeastern Madagascar
Fig. 4. – Field photograph showing pachycaulous habit of the trunk of Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson. [Ranirison & Nusbaumer 1037, G] [Photo: L. Nussbaumer]
Fig. 3 in Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson (Vitaceae), a new species from northeastern Madagascar
Fig. 3. – Field photograph showing fresh leaves and mature fruits ofCyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson. [Ranirison & Nusbaumer 1037, G] [Photo: L. Nussbaumer]
Fig. 2 in Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson (Vitaceae), a new species from northeastern Madagascar
Fig. 2. – Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson. A. Dried fruit; B. Leaflet; C. Infructescence. [Be & al. 292, CNARP] [Drawn by R. L. Andriamiarisoa]
Fig. 1 in Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson (Vitaceae), a new species from northeastern Madagascar
Fig. 1. – Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson. A. Inflorescence; B. Flower showing corolla and fused, flange-like calyx; C. Stamen and nectary glands; D. Fruit; E. Ovary; F. Petal; G. Immature leaflet; H. Node and stipules. [Ratovoson & al. 1060, MO] [Drawn by R. L. Andriamiarisoa]
Data from: Dispersal is associated with morphological innovation, but not increased diversification, in Cyphostemma (Vitaceae)
Multiple processes - including dispersal, morphological innovation, and habitat change - are frequently cited as catalysts for increased diversification. We investigate these processes and the causal linkages among them in the genus Cyphostemma (Vitaceae), a clade comprising ~200 species that is unique in the Vitaceae for its diversity of growth habits. We reconstruct time-calibrated evolutionary relationships among 64 species in the genus using five nuclear and chloroplast markers, and infer the group's morphological and biogeographic history. We test for changes in speciation rate, and evaluate the temporal association and sequencing of events with respect to dispersal, habitat change, and morphological evolution using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. In Cyphostemma, neither dispersal nor morphological evolution is associated with shifts in speciation rate, but dispersal is associated with evolutionary shifts in growth form. Evolution of stem succulence, in particular, is associated with adaptation to local, pre-existing conditions following long-distance dispersal, not habitat change in situ. We suggest that the pattern of association between dispersal, morphological innovation, and diversification may depend on the particular characters under study. Lineages with evolutionarily labile characters, such as stem succulence, do not necessarily conform to the notion of niche conservatism and instead demonstrate remarkable morphological adaptation to local climate and edaphic conditions following dispersal.
Data from: Dispersal is associated with morphological innovation, but not increased diversification, in Cyphostemma (Vitaceae)
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FIGURE 2. A in Cyphostemma mendesii (Vitaceae), a new species from Angola
FIGURE 2. A plant of Cyphostemma mendesii before the growth of new stems (Photo E.J.Mendes, taken in 1955).
FIGURE 1 in Cyphostemma mendesii (Vitaceae), a new species from Angola
FIGURE 1. The type specimen (Mendes 1145) of Cyphostemma mendesii.
Fig. 5 in Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson (Vitaceae), a new species from northeastern Madagascar
Fig. 5. – Map of Loky-Manambato area showing actual distribution of Cyphostemma darainense Wahlert & Phillipson (red dots), potential distribution (black shading), and area not predicted for its distribution (white). [Forest acronyms: Abd: Ambilondamba, Ank: Ankaramy, Apb: Ampondrabe, Atb: Antsahabe, Atd: Ambohitsitondroina, Atg: Antsaharaingy, Bek: Bekaraoka, Bin: Binara, Sol: Solaniampilana].
Figure 1 from: Rabarijaona RN, Rafaralahy VL, Rakotovao C, Ranaivoson RM, Liu B, Chen Z-D, Wen J, Lu L-M (2021) Cyphostemma calcarium, a new species of Vitaceae from the Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar. PhytoKeys 180: 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194
Figure 1 Distribution map of Cyphostemma calcarium sp. nov. with the black dot showing the locality of the type specimens. Map on the right shows the position of Ankarana Special Reserve in Madagascar.
Figure 2 from: Rabarijaona RN, Rafaralahy VL, Rakotovao C, Ranaivoson RM, Liu B, Chen Z-D, Wen J, Lu L-M (2021) Cyphostemma calcarium, a new species of Vitaceae from the Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar. PhytoKeys 180: 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194
Figure 2 Comparison of two shrubby Cyphostemma species with 3-foliolate leaves in the Ankarana Special Reserve A–ECyphostemma calcarium sp. nov. A branches showing puberulent leaves and infructescence B–E seed morphology from Rakotovao C. et al. 6376 (Dorsal, ventral, lateral, and cross-section presented from left to right) F–JCyphostemma rutilans Desc. F branches with glabrous leaves and inflorescence G–J seed morphology from Bardot-Vaucoulon M. 817 (Dorsal, ventral, lateral, and cross-section presented from left to right). Photos by Rakotovao Charles, Missouri Botanical Garden (A); Billiet Frieda, Meise Botanic Garden (F). The red arrow indicates an extra layer of endotestal sclereids covering the ventral infolds. Scale bars: 1 mm
Figure 3 from: Rabarijaona RN, Rafaralahy VL, Rakotovao C, Ranaivoson RM, Liu B, Chen Z-D, Wen J, Lu L-M (2021) Cyphostemma calcarium, a new species of Vitaceae from the Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar. PhytoKeys 180: 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194
Figure 3 Cyphostemma calcarium sp. nov. A branches showing the inflorescence and infructescence and the bark with distinct lenticels B trichomes on the abaxial leaflet surface C flower bud constricted at the middle D flower with petals and stamens removed to show the floral disc of 4-large free glands E fruit with a persistent stigma (Illustration by Ai-Li Li; based on Rakotovao C. et al. 6376, TAN).
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