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8 results for “Damage costs”
Data from: Reducing wildlife damage with cost-effective management programmes
Limiting the impact of wildlife damage in a cost effective manner requires an understanding of how control inputs change the occurrence of damage through their effect on animal density. Despite this, there are few studies linking wildlife management (control), with changes in animal abundance and prevailing levels of wildlife damage. We use the impact and management of wild pigs as a case study to demonstrate this linkage. Ground disturbance by wild pigs has become a conservation issue of global concern because of its potential effects on successional changes in vegetation structure and composition, habitat for other species, and functional soil properties. In this study, we used a 3-year pig control programme (ground hunting) undertaken in a temperate rainforest area of northern New Zealand to evaluate effects on pig abundance, and patterns and rates of ground disturbance and ground disturbance recovery and the cost effectiveness of differing control strategies. Control reduced pig densities by over a third of the estimated carrying capacity, but more than halved average prevailing ground disturbance. Rates of new ground disturbance accelerated with increasing pig density, while rates of ground disturbance recovery were not related to prevailing pig density. Stochastic simulation models based on the measured relationships between control, pig density and rate of ground disturbance and recovery indicated that control could reduce ground disturbance substantially. However, the rate at which prevailing ground disturbance was reduced diminished rapidly as more intense, and hence expensive, pig control regimes were simulated. The model produced in this study provides a framework that links conservation of indigenous ecological communities to control inputs through the reduction of wildlife damage and suggests that managers should consider carefully the marginal cost of higher investment in wildlife damage control, relative to its marginal conservation return.
Data from: Inter-generational costs of oxidative stress: reduced fitness in daughters of mothers that experienced high levels of oxidative damage during reproduction
<p>Parental condition transfer effects occur when the parents' physiological state during reproduction affects offspring performance. Oxidative damage may mediate such effects, yet evidence that oxidative damage experienced by parents during reproduction negatively affects offspring fitness is scarce and limited to early life stages. We show in Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>) that maternal levels of oxidative damage, measured during reproduction, negatively predict the number of offspring produced by daughters. This maternal effect on the daughter's reproductive success was mediated by an effect on hatching success, rather than the number of eggs laid by daughters. We also observed a negative association between the father's oxidative damage levels and the number of eggs laid by daughters, but a positive association between the father's oxidative damage levels and the hatching success of these eggs. These opposing paternal effects cancelled each other out, resulting in no overall effect on the number of offspring produced by daughters. No significant association between a female's own level of oxidative damage during reproduction and her reproductive success was observed. Our results suggest that oxidative damage experienced by parents may be a better predictor of an individual's reproductive performance than oxidative damage experienced by the individual itself. Although the mechanisms underlying these parental condition transfer effects are currently unknown, changes in egg composition or (epi-)genetic alterations of gametes may play a role. These findings highlight the importance of an inter-generational perspective when quantifying costs of physiological stress.</p>
Data from: Damage from intraspecific combat is costly
<p>When individuals engage in fights with conspecifics over access to resources, injuries can occur. Most theory suggests that the costs associated with these injuries should influence an individual's decision to retreat from a fight. Thus, damage from intraspecific combat is frequently noted and quantified. However, the fitness-related costs associated with this damage are not. Quantifying the cost of fighting-related damage is important because most theory assumes that it is the cost associated with the damage (not the damage itself) that should influence an individual's decision to retreat. Here, we quantified the cost of fighting-related injuries in the giant mesquite bug, Thasus neocalifornicus. We demonstrate that experimentally simulated fighting injuries result in metabolic costs and costs to flight performance. We also show that flight costs are more severe when the injuries are larger. Overall, our results provide empirical support for the fundamental assumption that damage acquired during intraspecific combat is costly.</p>
Data from: Damage from intraspecific combat is costly
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Data from: Inter-generational costs of oxidative stress: reduced fitness in daughters of mothers that experienced high levels of oxidative damage during reproduction
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Data from: Reducing wildlife damage with cost-effective management programmes
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JNK1 Ablation in Mice Confers Long-term Metabolic Protection from Diet-Induced Obesity at the Cost of Increased Skin Oxidative Damage
GEO Series GSE73759. Mus musculus. 21 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Data and code for "Persistent macroeconomic damages raise social cost of carbon"
<p>This repository contains data and code to reproduce findings and figures of the paper:</p> <p>"Persistent macroeconomic damages raise social cost of carbon"</p> <p>Maximilian Kotz, Christopher Callahan, Annika Stechemesser, Leonie Wenz</p> <p>Details are given in the README and the repository will likely be updated in coming months.</p> <p>For questions please contact: maxkotz@pik-potsdam.de</p> <p> </p>
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OpenNeuro
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