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20 results for “Daspletosaurus”
Fig. 2 3D in Probable Juvenile Frontal Of Daspletosaurus Horneri (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Two Medicine Formation Of Montana, With Implications For Tyrannosaurid Ontogeny
Fig. 2 3D model of UCM 55499, left frontal of a juvenile cf. Daspletosaurus horneri, in A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, rostral view; D, lateral view; E, medial view; F, caudal view. Abbreviations: cbf, cerebral fossa; ccr, crista cranii; cpos, caudal part of postorbital suture; cr, cylinder-like ridge; cs, caudal shelf; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; dtr, dorsotemporal ridge; es, ethmoid scar; fh, forehead region; ifs, interfrontal suture; lac, lacrimal socket; lss, laterosphenoid suture; ms, joint surface for the mesethmoid; obf, olfactory bulb fossa; or, orbital wall; os, orbital slot; oss, orbitosphenoid suture; pb, postorbital buttress; prf, joint surface for prefrontal; ps, parietal suture; rpos, rostral part of postorbital suture; sc, sagittal crest. The model is courtesy of The Fossil Vertebrate Collection at the University of Colorado Boulder Museum of Natural History.
Fig. 1 UCM 55499 in Probable Juvenile Frontal Of Daspletosaurus Horneri (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Two Medicine Formation Of Montana, With Implications For Tyrannosaurid Ontogeny
Fig. 1 UCM 55499, left frontal of a juvenile cf. Daspletosaurus horneri, in A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, rostral view; D, lateral view; E, medial view; F, caudal view. Abbreviations: cbf, cerebral fossa; ccr, crista cranii; cpos, caudal part of postorbital suture; cr, cylinder-like ridge; cs, caudal shelf; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; dtr, dorsotemporal ridge; es, ethmoid scar; fh, forehead region; ifs, interfrontal suture; lac, lacrimal socket; lss, laterosphenoid suture; ms, joint surface for the mesethmoid; obf, olfactory bulb fossa; or, orbital wall; os, orbital slot; oss, orbitosphenoid suture; pb, postorbital buttress; prf, joint surface for prefrontal; ps, parietal suture; rpos, rostral part of postorbital suture; sc, sagittal crest. Images are courtesy of The Fossil Vertebrate Collection at the University of Colorado Boulder Museum of Natural History. vidual variation. Furthermore, the area between the postsurface of TMP 2013.018.0011 (14.2°; Voris et al., 2019: orbital buttress and the caudal shelf in UCM 55499 is fig. 2) and that of the postorbital suture and the ros- extremely thin and plate-like, similar to the condition trocaudal axis (19.7°) in the lateral surface of UCM reported in the holotype of tyrannosaurine Alioramus 55499 are comparable to each other. Additionally, the "altai" (Bever et al., 2013) but differs from the relatively laterosphenoid suture in UCM 55499 is facing caudoven- deep condition in juvenile Gorgosaurus (e.g., Voris et al., trally, unlike the subvertical, caudally-facing suture in 2019: fig. S15). Lastly, Gorgosaurus does not approach Gorgosaurus frontals (e.g., Yun, 2020; pers. obs). This the abundance of Daspletosaurus horneri in the Two appears to be consistent with the description of Voris Medicine Formation (e.g., Farlow & Pianka, 2002; Carr (2018), who noted the angle between frontal and later- et al., 2017; Voris et al., 2020). In summary, the combiosphenoid sutures in Daspletosaurus postorbitals is ob- nation of aforementioned Daspletosaurus-like or tyrantuse, in which the former slopes caudoventrally. Further- nosaurine-like features, differences from similarly-sized more, the mediolateral width of the caudal shelf in UCM Gorgosaurus frontals as well as its provenance favours 55499 is slightly wider than that of the postorbital but- identification of the specimen as Daspletosaurus horneri tress, which is reminiscent to the condition in tyranno- through a balance of probability. saurines (Voris, 2018; Voris et al., 2022). In contrast, the widest part of the albertosaurine frontals is located at the Comparative description: UCM 55499 is an isolated, rostral end of postorbital suture (Voris, 2018; Voris et al., mostly complete left frontal that lacks the nasal process, 2022). Thus, UCM 55499 can be identified as a tyranno- the rostral part of the area that articulated with the presaurine, of which Daspletosaurus horneri is the only frontal, and the dorsal part of the sagittal crest. As preknown example in the Two Medicine Formation. There- served, the maximum rostrocaudal length of the specimen fore, this specimen is probably referable to this taxon. is 82 mm. When measured after the methodology of Cur- Of note, UCM 55499 does resemble Gorgosaurus front- rie (2003a), the width and depth are 44 mm and 18 mm, als by possessing mediolaterally oriented orbital slot in respectively. The specimen is comparable in its dimendorsal view (Voris et al., 2022) but it is interpreted in this sions to small frontals of Daspletosaurus sp., Gorgowork that this apparent similarity is likely due to the saurus libratus, Tarbosaurus bataar, and Tyrannosaurus "transitional" growth stage that the specimen represents, rex, but much smaller than large frontals of any of these between small juveniles with rostrocaudally elongated (Currie, 2003a; Lehman & Wick, 2013). shallow slot (Carr, 1999; Tsuihiji et al., 2011) and the The subcutaneous surface of the "forehead" region is flat, folded, narrow and deep slot present in tyrannosaurine like in some individuals of Daspletosaurus spp., and in adults (Carr, 2020; Voris et al., 2022), or else as an indi- Lythronax argestes (Voris et al., 2020; Yun, 2020; Figs.
Figure 12 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 12 Results of the cladistic analysis. Grey nodes denote Daspletosaurus, star denotes D. wilsoni, and numbers by each node are bootstrap support. Skull reconstruction represents the holotype of D. wilsoni, BDM 107 (known material in white). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-12
Figure 13 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 13 Time-calibrated sequence of Daspletosaurus chronospecies. Ages (left) are in Ma and are based on Carr et al. (2017) and Fowler (2017) for D. torosus and D. horneri. Representative skulls are, from top to bottom: D. horneri, MOR 590; D. wilsoni, BDM 107 (known material in white); D. torosus, CMN 8506. Stars represents the temporal position of adjacent specimens. Accompanying characters represent synapomorphies of progressively more exclusive clades represented by each taxon (e.g., D. wilsoni + more derived tyrannosaurines, D. horneri + more derived tyrannosaurines). No clear demarcations are drawn between taxa along the depicted lineage, given the relative paucity of specimens and the subjectivity intrinsic to species delineations of anagenetic lineages; ages of taxa are therefore imprecise. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-13
Figure 11 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 11 Right splenial of BDM 107. Shown in medial (A) and lateral (B) views. Abbreviations are as follows: dcs, dentary contact surface; mhf, mylohyoid foramen. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-11
Figure 9 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 9 Right quadrate of BDM 107. Shown in medial (A) and lateral (B) views. Abbreviations are as follows: op, orbital process; mc, mandibular condyles; po, pneumatic opening; pqf, paraquadrate foramen. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-9
Figure 7 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 7 Left squamosal of BDM 107. Shown in lateral (A), medial (B), and rostral (C) views. Abbreviations are as follows: cp, caudal process; ltf, laterotemporal fenestra; pcs, postorbital contact surface; po, pneumatic opening, qjp, quadratojugal process; rmm, rostromedial margin of pneumatic recess. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-7
Figure 8 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 8 Right quadratojugal of BDM 107. Shown in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. Abbreviations are as follows: dqc, dorsal quadrate contact; jr, jugal ramus; sc, squamosal contact; vqc, ventral quadrate contact. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-8
Figure 5 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 5 Left lacrimal of BDM 107. Shown in lateral (A), medial (B), and dorsal (C) views. Abbreviations are as follows: cpa, cornual process apex; fr, frontal ramus; po, pneumatic opening; rda, rostrodorsal ala; rr, rostral ramus; vp, ventral process; vr, ventral ramus. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-5
Figure 6 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 6 Left postorbital of BDM 107. Shown in lateral (A), dorsal (B), medial (C), caudal (D), and rostral (E) views. Abbreviations are as follows: cdt, caudodorsal tuberosity; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; fc, frontal contact; lsc, laterosphenoid contact; sop, subocular process; sos, supraorbital shelf. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-6
Figure 3 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 3 Left maxilla of BDM 107. Shown in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. Abbreviations are as follows: af, antorbital fossa; aof, antorbital fenestra; ma, maxillary antrum; mxf, maxillary fenestra; pmr, promaxillary recess; pmx, promaxillary fenestra; ps, palatal shelf; nf, neurovascular foramina; ns, neurovascular sulci. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-3
Figure 4 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 4 Right jugal of BDM 107. Shown in medial (A) and lateral (B) views. Abbreviations are as follows: cp, cornual process; po, pneumatic opening; pop, postorbital process. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-4
Figure 2 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 2 Premaxillae of BDM 107. Shown in lateral (A), medial (B), and rostral (C) views. Abbreviations are as follows: nf, neurovascular foramina; smp, symphysis. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-2
Figure 1 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 1 Map of the area of discovery of BDM 107, holotype of D. wilsoni sp. nov. Nearby towns (Hinsdale, Glasgow, Saco) and highways (US-2) are labeled. Dashed lines indicate county boundaries; "Jack's B2" site indicated by star. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-1
Plate IV Daspletosaurus torosus, NMC 8506 in Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada
Plate IV Daspletosaurus torosus, NMC 8506. Forelimb seen in ventral aspect.
Plate III Daspletosaurus torosus, NMC 8506. Forelimb seen in dorsal aspect. in Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada
Plate III Daspletosaurus torosus, NMC 8506. Forelimb seen in dorsal aspect.
Tyrannosaurus (Daspletosaurus) torosus type NMC 8506 and AMNH 5438 in Predatory Dinosaurs of the World
Tyrannosaurus (Daspletosaurus) torosus type NMC 8506 and AMNH 5438
text-fig. 18. Skulls of a basal ornithischian (a) and three theropods (b-d) in palatal view, showing different states for several cranial characters. A, Lesothosaurus diagnostics; redrawn from Sereno (199lb). B, Allosaurus fragilis', redrawn from Madsen (1976). c, Daspletosaurus torosus; redrawn from Russell (1970). D, Oviraptor philoceratops; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). Abbreviations: bsp, basisphenoid; bspr, basisphenoid recess; ch, internal choana; cp, cultriform process of the parasphenoid; ect, ectopterygoid; iptv, interpterygoid vacuity; j, jugal; m, maxilla; oc, occipital condyle; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pop, paroccipital process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sof, suborbital fenestra; spf, subsidiary palatal fenestra; snf, subnarial foramen; stf, subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a), 50 mm (d) and 100 mm (b-c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 18. Skulls of a basal ornithischian (a) and three theropods (b-d) in palatal view, showing different states for several cranial characters. A, Lesothosaurus diagnostics; redrawn from Sereno (199lb). B, Allosaurus fragilis', redrawn from Madsen (1976). c, Daspletosaurus torosus; redrawn from Russell (1970). D, Oviraptor philoceratops; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). Abbreviations: bsp, basisphenoid; bspr, basisphenoid recess; ch, internal choana; cp, cultriform process of the parasphenoid; ect, ectopterygoid; iptv, interpterygoid vacuity; j, jugal; m, maxilla; oc, occipital condyle; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pop, paroccipital process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sof, suborbital fenestra; spf, subsidiary palatal fenestra; snf, subnarial foramen; stf, subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a), 50 mm (d) and 100 mm (b-c).
Text-fig. 3—Maxilla, TMM 41436-1 (stippled) compared with other tyrannosaurs (sensu Russell, 1970). The height of TMM 41436-1 is used as a standard, a, Tyrannosaurus rex, AMNH 5027, from photograph in Osborn (1912). b, Daspletosaurus torosus, NMC 8506, modified from Russell (1970). c, Albertosaurus libratus, FMNH PR 308, from AMNH negative No. 39113. in Tyrannosaurus and Torosaurus, Maestrichtian Dinosaurs From Trans-Pecos, Texas
Text-fig. 3—Maxilla, TMM 41436-1 (stippled) compared with other tyrannosaurs (sensu Russell, 1970). The height of TMM 41436-1 is used as a standard, a, Tyrannosaurus rex, AMNH 5027, from photograph in Osborn (1912). b, Daspletosaurus torosus, NMC 8506, modified from Russell (1970). c, Albertosaurus libratus, FMNH PR 308, from AMNH negative No. 39113.
Figure 10 in A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana
Figure 10 Right dentary of BDM 107. Shown in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. Abbreviations are as follows: dc, dentary chin; dg, dentary groove; mcf, Meckelian foramen; mg, Meckelian groove; nf, neurovascular foramina; ns, neurovascular sulci; pt, pathology; rk, rugose knob. Scale is 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14461/fig-10
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