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27 results for “Demographic Traits”
Data from: Species-specific traits mediate avian demographic responses under past climate change
<p>Anticipating species' responses to environmental change is a<span> pressing mission in biodiversity conservation. Despite decades of research investigating how climate change may affect population sizes, historical context is lacking and the traits which mediate demographic sensitivity to changing climate remain elusive. We use whole-genome sequence data to reconstruct the demographic histories of 263 bird species over the past million years and identify networks of interacting morphological and life-history traits associated with changes in effective population size (<em>N<sub>e</sub></em>) in response to climate warming and cooling. Our results identify direct and indirect effects of key traits representing survival, reproduction, and dispersal processes on long-term demographic responses to climate change and highlight traits most likely to influence population responses to ongoing climate warming.</span></p>
Data from: Species-specific traits mediate avian demographic responses under past climate change
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Data for: Predicting the contribution of single trait evolution to rescuing a plant population from demographic impacts of climate change
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Homophily in social and demographic traits predict association patterns in female western and mountain gorillas
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Data from: The demographic effects of functional traits: an integral projection model approach reveals population-level consequences of reproduction-defense tradeoffs
Quantitatively linking individual variation in functional traits to demography is a necessary step to advance our understanding of trait-based ecological processes. We constructed a population model for Asclepias syriaca to identify how functional traits affect vital rates and population growth and whether tradeoffs in chemical defense and demography alter population growth. Plants with higher foliar cardenolides had lower fiber, cellulose, and lignin levels, as well as decreased sexual and clonal reproduction. Average cardenolide concentrations had the strongest effect on population growth. In both the sexual and clonal pathway, the tradeoff between reproduction and defense affected population growth. We found that both increasing the mean of the distribution of individual plant values for cardenolides and herbivory decreased population growth. However, increasing the variance in both defense and herbivory increased population growth. Functional traits can impact population growth and quantifying individual-level variation in traits should be included in assessments of population-level processes.
Water availability dictates how plant traits predict demographic rates
<p>A major goal in ecology is to make generalizable predictions of organism responses to environmental variation based on their traits. However, straightforward relationships between traits and fitness are rare and likely vary with environmental context. Characterizing how traits mediate demographic responses to the environment may enhance predictions of organism responses to global change. We synthesized 15 years of demographic data and species-level traits in a shortgrass steppe to determine whether the effects of leaf and root traits on growth and survival depend on seasonal water availability. We predicted that (1) species with drought-tolerant traits, such as lower leaf turgor loss point (TLP) and higher leaf and root dry matter content (LDMC and RDMC), would be more likely to survive and grow in drier years due to higher wilting resistance, (2) these traits would not predict fitness in wetter years, and (3) traits that more directly measure physiological mechanisms of water use such as TLP would best predict demographic responses. We found that graminoids with more negative TLP and higher LDMC and RDMC had higher survival rates in drier years. Forbs demonstrated similar yet more variable responses. Graminoids grew larger in wetter years, regardless of traits. However, in both wet and dry years, graminoids with more negative TLP and higher LDMC and RDMC grew larger than less negative TLP and low LDMC and RDMC species. Traits significantly mediated the impact of drought on survival, but not growth, suggesting survival could be a stronger driver of species' drought response in this system. TLP predicted survival in drier years, but easier-to-measure LDMC and RDMC were equal or better predictors. These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms by which drought drives population dynamics, and show that abiotic context determines how traits drive fitness.</p>
The expression of demographic costs of reproduction varies among coexisting plants with different life history traits
<p><span>1. </span><span>Demographic costs of reproduction in flowering plants should depend on life history and reproductive effort, but how the expression of costs varies with life history traits is poorly understood.</span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>We experimentally increased and reduced reproductive effort (fruit production) to quantify demographic costs of reproduction in four coexisting species with contrasting growth forms (clonal vs. nonclonal) and flower production (single- vs. multi-flowered). We repeated the experiment in three years, and measured demographic rates the year after treatment. In two years, we also quantified costs of flower maintenance by contrasting the performance of nonfruiting plants with intact flowers and plants with their flowers removed.</span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>Costs varied among species, in both magnitude and demographic rate affected. Costs of natural reproduction were expressed as reductions in size and fecundity next year, whereas increased reproduction additionally reduced sprouting probability. The magnitude of demographic costs of both reproduction and flower maintenance was highest in the nonclonal, multi-flowered species, and costs were more frequently detected in the two multi-flowered species than in the single-flowered ones. This may be explained by higher biomass allocation to reproductive parts and a longer flowering period in the former. Demographic costs of reproduction did not depend on clone size.</span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>These results document that demographic costs vary among coexisting species sharing similar niches, and are associated with divergence in life history traits. Such trait-dependent variation in costs may reduce competition among coexisting species and facilitate diversity.</span></p>
Nationwide genomic biobank in Mexico unravels demographic history and complex trait architecture from 6,057 individuals: GWAS summary statistics
<p>Latin America continues to be severely underrepresented in genomics research, and fine-scale genetic histories as well as complex trait architectures remain hidden due to the lack of Big Data. To fill this gap, the Mexican Biobank project genotyped 1.8 million markers in 6,057 individuals from 32 states and 898 sampling localities across Mexico with linked complex trait and disease information creating a valuable nationwide genotype-phenotype database. Through a suite of state-of-the-art methods for ancestry deconvolution and inference of identity-by-descent (IBD) segments, we inferred detailed ancestral histories for the last 200 generations in different Mesoamerican regions, unravelling native and colonial/post-colonial demographic dynamics. We observed large variations in runs of homozygosity (ROH) among genomic regions with different ancestral origins reflecting their demographic histories, which also affect the distribution of rare deleterious variants across Mexico. We analysed a range of biomedical complex traits and identified significant genetic and environmental factors explaining their variation, such as ROH found to be significant predictors for trait variation in BMI and triglycerides.<br> ======================================</p> <p>This dataset contains GWAS summary statistics for the Mexico Biobank Project. Summary statistics for 22 binary and quantitative traits are provided from the full cohort of 5721 individuals from across Mexico, and a subset of 1061 individuals inferred to have more than 90% Native American ancestry.</p>
Water availability dictates how plant traits predict demographic rates
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Data from: The demographic effects of functional traits: an integral projection model approach reveals population-level consequences of reproduction-defense tradeoffs
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Demographic consequences of dispersal-related trait shift in two recently diverged taxa of montane grasshoppers
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The expression of demographic costs of reproduction varies among coexisting plants with different life history traits
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Data from: Demographic traits improve predictions of spatiotemporal changes in community resilience to drought
<ol> <li>Communities are increasingly threatened by extreme weather events. The cumulative effects of such events are typically investigated by assessing community resilience,<i> i.e.</i>, the extent to which affected communities can achieve pre-event states. However, a mechanistic understanding of the processes underlying resilience is frequently lacking and requires linking various measures of resilience to demographic responses within natural communities.</li> <li>Using 13 years of data from a shrub community that experienced a severe drought in 2005, we use generalized additive models to investigate temporal changes in three measures of resilience. We assess whether community-weighted, species-specific demographic traits such as longevity and reproductive output can predict changes in resilience and how the performance of these traits compares to more commonly used plant functional traits such as leaf area or root dry-matter content.</li> <li>We find significant spatiotemporal variation in community dynamics after the drought. Overall, demographic traits are better at predicting absolute and relative resilience in total plant cover, but functional traits outperform demographic traits when resilience in community composition is assessed. All resilience measures show non-linear and context-specific responses to demographic and functional traits; and these responses depend strongly on the severity of initial drought impact.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis</i>: Our work demonstrates that a full picture of the mechanisms underlying community responses to drought requires the assessment of numerous species-specific characteristics (including demographic and functional traits) and how these characteristics differentially affect complementary measures of community changes through time. </li> </ol>
Data from: What makes a leaf tough? Patterns of correlated evolution between leaf toughness traits and demographic rates among 197 shade-tolerant woody species in a neotropical forest
Slow-growing juveniles of shade-tolerant plant species are predicted to have tough leaves because of the high cost of leaf replacement in shade relative to potential carbon gain. We assessed the degree of correlated evolution among eight traits associated with leaf toughness and their relationships with growth and mortality rates of 197 tree and shrub species from the understory of the 50-hectare forest dynamics plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Path analysis with phylogenetically independent contrasts revealed that leaves attained material toughness (resistance to fracture per unit fracture area) through increases in tissue density, percent cellulose per unit dry mass, and vein fracture toughness. Lamina density and cellulose content evolved independently, and thus represent different paths to material toughness. Structural toughness (resistance to fracture per unit fracture length) depended on material toughness and lamina thickness. Mortality rates of individuals 1-10 cm in stem diameter were negatively correlated with material toughness and lamina density, but were independent of structural toughness and cell wall fiber contents. Leaf toughness traits were uncorrelated with relative growth rates. These results imply that material toughness enhances resistance to natural enemies, which increases survival and offsets the biomass allocation cost of producing tough leaves in the shaded understory.
Data from: Climatic conditions produce contrasting influences on demographic traits in a long distance Arctic migrant
The manner in which patterns of variation and interactions among demographic rates contribute to population growth rate (λ) is key to understanding how animal populations will respond to changing climatic conditions. Migratory species are likely to be particularly sensitive to climatic conditions as they experience a range of different environments throughout their annual cycle. However, few studies have provided fully integrated demographic analyses of migratory populations in response to changing climatic conditions. Here, we employed integrated population models to demonstrate that the environmental conditions experienced during a short but critical period play a central role in the demography of a long-distance migrant, the light-bellied Brent goose (Branta bernicla hrota). Female survival was positively associated with June North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) values, whereas male survival was not. In contrast, breeding productivity was negatively associated with June NAO, suggesting a trade-off between female survival and reproductive success. Both adult female and adult male survival showed low temporal variation, whereas there was high temporal variation in recruitment and breeding productivity. In addition, while annual population growth was positively correlated with annual breeding productivity, a sensitivity analysis revealed that population growth was most sensitive to changes in adult survival. Our results demonstrate that the environmental conditions experienced during a relatively short-time window at the start of the breeding season play a critical role in shaping the demography of a long-distant Arctic migrant. Crucially, different demographic rates responded in opposing directions to climatic variation, emphasising the need for integrated analysis of multiple demographic traits when understanding population dynamics.
Data from: How do functional traits influence tree demographic properties in a subtropical monsoon forest?
<p><span>1. </span><span>Functional traits are good predictors of plant responses and adaptations to ever-changing environments. However, forecasting forest community dynamics is challenging because the relationships among different tree demographic properties (growth, mortality, and recruitment) and how functional traits are associated with tree demography remain largely unknown.</span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>Here, in a 20-ha subtropical forest permanent plot, we quantified the rates of tree growth, mortality, and recruitment across 53 dominant tree species (diameter at breast height; DBH </span>≥<span> 1 cm) from 2005 to 2020. Functional traits that are closely related to plant photosynthesis, nutrients, hydraulics, and drought tolerance were measured. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>We found that tree growth rate (GR) varied independently from rates of tree mortality and recruitment. Hydraulic conductivity was positively correlated with GR (explaining 27% variation – the strongest relationship observed) whereas wood density was negatively correlated with GR. Leaf life span was negatively related to tree mortality. Species with high carbon assimilation rate, nutrient concentration and hydraulic conductivity had high recruitment rates. Leaf turgor loss point was unrelated to plant demography. Principal component analysis revealed that species with quick resource-acquisition rates had high rates of growth and recruitment. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Our results illustrate that the correlations among tree demographic properties were weak in this subtropical forest with monsoonal climate. Most notably, against expectations there was no observed tradeoff between growth and mortality. Individual functional traits explained up to 27% of each demographic rate. Variation in recruitment rate was aligned with traits indexing the leaf economic spectrum and also plant hydraulic variation. A better understanding of the role of disturbances on trait-demography relationships would help build a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the ecology of subtropical monsoon forests.</span></p>
Perceived fairness and perceived transparency of AI systems according to system's characteristics, personality traits and demographic characteristics
<p>We collected data of 3197 users' fairness perception regarding various configurations of a AI-based system in the recruitment domain, as well as, the demographic and personally characteristics of the participants.</p> <p>The dataset includes the following columns:</p> <p><strong>:System characteristics</strong></p> <p> :Certification</p> <p>Uncertificated system (U)</p> <p>Certificated system (C)</p> <p>:Input data</p> <p>High quality input data (H)</p> <p>Low quality input data (L)</p> <p>:Output</p> <p>Positive outcome (P)</p> <p>Borderline outcome (B)</p> <p>Negative outcome (N)</p> <p>:Explanation style</p> <p>Control- no explanation (CON)</p> <p>Case-based (CAS)</p> <p>Certification-based (CER)</p> <p>Demographic-based (DEM)</p> <p>Input influence-based (INP)</p> <p>Sensitivity-based (SEN)</p> <p><strong>:Demographic characteristics</strong></p> <p>:Gender</p> <p>Female</p> <p>Male</p> <p>:Age</p> <p>18-34</p> <p>35-50</p> <p>50+</p> <p>:Residence</p> <p>Unites states of America</p> <p>India</p> <p>Other</p> <p>:Education level</p> <p>High school degree or less</p> <p>Bachelor's degree</p> <p>Master's or doctoral degree</p> <p>:Employment status</p> <p>Not employed</p> <p>Employed</p> <p>:Income level</p> <p>Above average</p> <p>Average</p> <p>Below average</p> <p><strong>:Personality characteristics</strong></p> <p>(TIPI questionnaire)</p> <p>Extraverted, enthusiastic</p> <p>1-7 (1= disagree strongly up to 7= agree strongly)</p> <p>Critical, quarrelsome</p> <p>1-7 (1= disagree strongly up to 7= agree strongly)</p> <p>Dependable, self-disciplined</p> <p>1-7 (1= disagree strongly up to 7= agree strongly)</p> <p>Anxious, easily upset</p> <p>1-7 (1= disagree strongly up to 7= agree strongly)</p> <p>Open to new experiences, complex</p> <p>1-7 (1= disagree strongly up to 7= agree strongly)</p> <p>Reserved, quiet</p> <p>1-7 (1= disagree strongly up to 7= agree strongly)</p> <p>Sympathetic, warm</p> <p>1-7 (1= disagree strongly up to 7= agree strongly)</p> <p>Disorganized, careless</p> <p>1-7 (1= disagree strongly up to 7= agree strongly)</p> <p>Calm, emotionally stable</p> <p>1-7 (1= disagree strongly up to 7= agree strongly)</p> <p>Conventional, uncreative</p> <p>1-7 (1= disagree strongly up to 7= agree strongly)</p> <p><strong>:Participants responses</strong></p> <p>:Fairness evaluation</p> <p>The participants were requested to report their level of perceived fairness (their view about the fairness of the system - at what level they consider the system as a fair system) on a 6-point Likert scale, from "Extremely fair" (represented as 3) to "Extremely unfair" (represented as -3). The option of "neither fair or unfair" (represented as 0) was excluded from the scale.</p> <p>:Transparency evaluation</p> <p>the participants were requested to report their level of perceived transparency (their understanding why the system produced the specific output - at what level they understand why this output was given) on a 6-point Likert scale, from " Thoroughly understand" (represented as 3) to " Thoroughly don't understand" (represented as -3). The option of "neither understand or don't understand" (represented as 0) was excluded from the scale.</p> <p>:Output Expectation</p> <p>The participants were requested to report their expectation for the specific output based on the input they received according to the system's scale, 5-point Likert scale from "Strongly recommended" (represented as 2) to "Strongly not recommended" (represented as -2).</p> <p> </p>
Data from: How do functional traits influence tree demographic properties in a subtropical monsoon forest?
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Data from: Climatic conditions produce contrasting influences on demographic traits in a long distance Arctic migrant
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Data from: What makes a leaf tough? Patterns of correlated evolution between leaf toughness traits and demographic rates among 197 shade-tolerant woody species in a neotropical forest
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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