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40 results for “Dendrinidae”
Fig. 30. Rhopalondendrina tigris igen. et isp. nov. A–B in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 30. Rhopalondendrina tigris igen. et isp. nov. A–B. Planar and lateral views of two specimens illustrating the diagnostic arcuate entrance tunnel and paw-shaped main chamber; SEM of epoxy casts from a bivalve shell sampled off Mauritania. C–D. SEM of specimens in an initial (C, paratype) and a mature (D, holotype) ontogenetic stage, cast in epoxy from experimental bivalve substrates that were deployed at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. E–F. Lateral and planar views of another specimen (paratype) from the type locality.
Fig. 33. A in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 33. A. Evolutionary trends in dendrinid microborings, considering the known range (based on certain end members only) of the various ichnospecies (light grey) and the number of ichnospecies making their first appearance (dark grey). Numbers are per period, except for the Paleocene to Pleistocene (global series). Relevant evolutionary radiations and extinction events are indicated. B. Same graph for all microbioerosion ichnospecies, but based on actual records only (data from Wisshak et al. 2008; numbers per period). C. Ichnodiversity curve for all bioerosion ichnogenera based on range data (data from Buatois & Mángano 2016; numbers per global series).
Fig. 32 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 32. Composite and compound trace fossils in Upper Cretaceous belemnite rostra from the "Senonian" of Lüneburg, Germany (A), Upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany (B), Lower Campanian of Misburg (C–D), and Lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany (E–G). A. Nice display of Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851), D. belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937, D. lacerata Hofmann, 1996, Calcideletrix anomala (Mägdefrau, 1937) and C. flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937, partly in lateral contact or overlapping and partly interconnected by tubular tunnels. B. Several D. dendrina, interconnected by tubular tunnels. C–D. Overview and close-up of a C. anomala connected to several paratypes of D. lacerata. E–G. Large C. flexuosa connected to several D. lacerata at its periphery (close-up in F), as well as to a widened tubular tunnel reminiscent of Filuroda reptans (Clarke, 1908) (close-up in G).
Fig. 29. Rhopalondendrina contra igen. et isp. nov. A–E in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 29. Rhopalondendrina contra igen. et isp. nov. A–E. Overviews and close-ups of the holotype, illustrating the morphology of the entrance tunnel (arrows in A and D; close-ups in C and E) and the anastomosing plexus, covered with short and spiny protrusions (close-up in B). SEM of epoxy cast of a bivalve shell sampled in Middle Miocene strata at Balcome Bay, Victoria, Australia (same for F–H). F. Juvenile specimen (paratype) with clearly visible entrance tunnel (arrow indicating initial point of entry). G–H. Larger specimen (paratype) with the plexus developed on the opposite surface of the bivalve shell from the initial point of entry (arrow in G).
Fig. 25. Pyrodendrina belua isp. nov. A in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 25. Pyrodendrina belua isp. nov. A. SEM planar view of holotype, surrounded by a carpet of other microborings in an epoxy cast prepared from a bivalve shell sampled from the Middle Pennsylvanian Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA. B–C. Lateral views of holotype illustrating vertically oriented galleries, parts of which bearing perpendicular side braches. D. Detail of terminal widening and spiny ornamentation. E. Detail of slender prostrate galleries with terminal swellings and typical branching pattern; an anastomosis is developed at the lower right.
Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A. Holotype in a Pleistocene skeleton of the coral Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rhodes, Greece, prior to epoxy casting. B. SEM of same holotype in epoxy cast. C. Detail of holotype illustrating hairy ornamentation (collapsed to cast surface). D. Detail of central part of holotype, showing diagnostic vertically oriented protrusions. E. Numerous specimens in the same coral fragment as the holotype. F. Same type of traces in a Recent skeleton of Lophelia pertusa from Stjernsund, Norway. G. SEM of another specimen with an elongate overall morphology, found in a Pleistocene cold water coral from Rhodes, Greece. H. Specimen with a more rosette-shaped outline, found in a skeleton of the coral Keratoisis Wright, 1869 from the Pleistocene of Messina, Sicily. I. Transmission light micrograph of a specimen in a shell of the bivalve Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) from Sula Reef, off Norway.
Fig. 23. Pyrodendrina cupra Tapanila, 2008. A–B in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 23. Pyrodendrina cupra Tapanila, 2008. A–B. SEM of the holotype, cast in epoxy from a shell of the brachiopod Pentamerus palaformis Jin & Copper, 2000 from the Early Silurian of Anticosti Island, Canada.
Fig. 28. Rhopalondendrina acanthina igen. et isp. nov. A in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 28. Rhopalondendrina acanthina igen. et isp. nov. A. SEM of holotype, partly obscured by other microborings, with point of entry at the lower left, in an epoxy cast of a Middle Pleistocene bivalve shell from the Island of Rhodes, Greece. B–C. Planar and oblique views of the paratype, illustrating an early ontogenetic stage with short vertical entrance tunnel; same epoxy cast as the holotype. D–F. SEM of three different ontogenetic stages (arrows indicating initial points of entry), in epoxy casts from experimental bivalve shells deployed at Faial Island in the Azores (same for G–I). G. Oblique view of a specimen with vertical entrance tunnel and short spiny protrusions connecting the trace to the substrate surface. H–I. Two specimens of a related dendrinid from the Azores experiment, awaiting ichnotaxonomical treatment as soon as more material becomes available.
Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer.
Fig. 21 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 21. Nododendrina paleodendrica (Elias, 1957). A. Original illustration of holotype (actually syntypes) in the dorsal valve of the brachiopod Buxtonia semicircularis (Sutton & Wagner, 1931) from the Late Mississippian Redoak Hollow Formation of Oklahoma, USA (reproduced from Elias 1957: pl. 39, fig. 9). B–C. Original illustrations of further specimens in two shells of the brachiopod Chonetes Fischer de Waldheim, 1830 from the Late Mississippian Redoak Hollow Formation of Oklahoma, USA (reproduced from Elias 1957: pl. 39, figs 4 and 3, respectively).
Fig. 20 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 20. Nododendrina incomposita (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov. A. Lectotype (arrow) and several paralectotypes in a brachiopod shell from the upper Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany. B. Topotypic shell of the brachiopod Chatwinothyris Sahni, 1925 with several specimens in various ontogenetic stages. C. Mirror-symmetrical SEM image of epoxy cast of the same shell. D–G. SEM close-ups of various specimens from the same shell, illustrating an ontogenetic series. H–I. Cluster of traces and close-up of holotype of junior synonym Hyellomorpha microdendritica Vogel et al., 1987, in a cast of the brachiopod Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. J–K. Reflective and transmitted light micrographs of syntypes of the junior synonym Dendrina minor Mägdefrau, 1937 in an Ordovician trilobite fragment from erratics found near Köthen, Germany.
Fig. 19 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 19. Nododendrina europaea (Fischer, 1875). A–B. Original illustrations of the trace as observed in a transparent shell of the bivalve Pecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Gulf of Gascogne, France (reproduced from Fischer 1875: pl. XVI, figs 5–6; no scale). C–E. SEM overview and close-up of the neotype (= holotype of the junior synonym Semidendrina pulchra Bromley et al., 2007) in an epoxy cast of an Upper Jurassic Lopha shell from Villers-sur-Mer, France. F. SEM of an ontogenetic series as recorded in an epoxy cast of a bivalve shell that was exposed for two years at a depth of 15 m in the Kosterfjord, Sweden (modified from Wisshak 2006).
Fig. 17 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 17. Abeliella riccioides Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Early illustrations of this trace fossil by Rose (1855) and Kölliker (1860) based on observations of Cretaceous fish scales (reproduced from Rose 1855: pl. I, fig. 5 and Kölliker 1860: pl. XVI, fig. 14). C. Lectotype sample showing numerous specimens in a transparent Oligocene fish scale. D. Close-up of lectotype (arrow) and several paralectotypes, illustrating near-perfect bilateral symmetry of the traces. E. Surface SEM of a Cretaceous echodont tooth, showing the avoidance of tunnels as opposed to true anastomosis (reproduced from Underwood 1999: fig. 2a). F–H. Overview and close-ups of an unidentified Cretaceous fish tooth from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, illustrating typical increase in abundance towards the base.
Fig. 18 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 18. Abeliella procera Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Two specimens in the lectotype sample, a transparent Oligocene fish scale. B. Close-up of lectotype illustrating details of the dichotomous bifurcation pattern in the central part of the larger (upper) specimen in A. Note the spherical aggregates (fossil spores?) filling part of the empty tunnels. C. Large specimen, together with a small A. riccioides to the right, in a Hexanthus sp. fish tooth from the lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany.
Fig. 15 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral.
Fig. 9 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 9. Clionolithes alcicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987) comb. nov. A–B. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype epoxy cast (together with bryozoan borings) recorded in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. C. SEM of the holotype of junior synonym C. bullahirsuta Plewes, 1996 from the Lower Jurassic of Yorkshire, UK (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 28, fig. 1). D. Close-up of C, illustrating the characteristic cuspate microtexture (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 28, fig. 3). E. SEM close-up of another specimen showing additional hairy filaments (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 28, fig. 7).
Fig. 8 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 8. Clionolithes cervicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987). A. SEM of pyritised and epoxycast holotype in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of another specimen from the original material of Vogel et al., recorded in a coral substrate. D–E. Overview and close-up of several natural casts that are part of the suite of paratypes of Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 (junior synonym of Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908), from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 5). F. Holotype of nomen nudum "Chondrites" symmetricus (Solle 1938), a morphologically similar (cf.) but unusually large specimen from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany.
Fig. 11 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 11. Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. A–C. Holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite rostrum from Misburg, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates anastomosis and two potential points of initial entry (arrows). Close-up in C shows peripheral ramification. D–F. Respective SEM views of an epoxy casts of the holotype of junior synonym D. brachiopodicola Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the very close morphological resemblance of the trace in a belemnite vs a brachiopod substrate. G. Natural casts in a Devonian brachiopod with several C. flexuosa (original of Clarke 1908: pl. 10; damaged since original publication). H. Another silicified cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 2).
Fig. 12 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 12. Calcideletrix breviramosa Mägdefrau, 1937. A–C. Holotype covering several square centimetres of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. Close-up in B shows main tunnels with lateral secondary galleries and close-up in C illustrates connections to the substrate surface at the end of the secondary branches (arrows).
Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.
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