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FIGURE 5 in Systematics, natural history, and hemipenial morphology of Dendrophidion brunneum (Günther) (Serpentes: Colubridae), a poorly known snake from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru

FIGURE 5. Hemipenis of Dendrophidion brunneum (FMNH 231777) in (left to right): sulcate, asulcate, and lateral views (organ stained with alizarin red S).

FIGURE 3. Dendrophidion percarinatum from western Ecuador. A, ANSP 5709 in Systematics, natural history, and hemipenial morphology of Dendrophidion brunneum (Günther) (Serpentes: Colubridae), a poorly known snake from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru

FIGURE 3. Dendrophidion percarinatum from western Ecuador. A, ANSP 5709; B, ANSP 5519; C, FMNH 16942; D, AMNH 110585. Specimens A and B are most likely the specimens referred to D. brunneum by Cope (1868); C, a specimen referred to D. brunneum by Garman (1892); D, a recently collected specimen of D. percarinatum from western Ecuador.

FIGURE 4 in Systematics, natural history, and hemipenial morphology of Dendrophidion brunneum (Günther) (Serpentes: Colubridae), a poorly known snake from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru

FIGURE 4. Habitat of Dendrophidion brunneum at the Río Zaña Study Site, Cajamarca Department, Peru. The photograph shows a portion of the montane humid forest from approximately 2000–2500 m elevation. The peak on the left, known locally as Cerro Balcón, is about 2550 m at the summit. Pale areas below the peak were patches of forest cleared for cattle and agriculture. Photograph taken in June 1987.

FIGURE 2 in Systematics, natural history, and hemipenial morphology of Dendrophidion brunneum (Günther) (Serpentes: Colubridae), a poorly known snake from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru

FIGURE 2. Distribution of Dendrophidion brunneum. All documented localities are plotted (see Appendix). Shaded area is 1000–3000 m elevation; hatched area is above 3000 m.

FIGURE 1 in Systematics, natural history, and hemipenial morphology of Dendrophidion brunneum (Günther) (Serpentes: Colubridae), a poorly known snake from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru

FIGURE 1. Dendrophidion brunneum in life. Specimens are from the Río Zaña Study Site, Cajamarca Department, Peru. The contrasting head and body coloration and yellow highlights on neck scales (lower photo) are typical.

FIGURE 6 in Systematics, natural history, and hemipenial morphology of Dendrophidion brunneum (Günther) (Serpentes: Colubridae), a poorly known snake from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru

FIGURE 6. Details of hemipenial morphology of Dendrophidion brunneum (FMNH 231777) after staining with alizarin red. A, sulcate side at the level of the circumferential flounces. Apex of the hemipenis is toward the top; the sulcus spermaticus is on the far left (ss). The spinules appear as parallel rods embedded within the two circumferential flounces. Arrows indicate the low ridge (transverse whitish line) delimiting the distal edge of shallow irregular calyces on the right side of the sulcus spermaticus. B, A portion of the flounces from apical perspective (the flounce in the background is the proximal complete flounce) showing the regular spacing of the spinules and their lack of projecting free tips. Arrows indicate the outer edge of the proximal flounce.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Dendrophidion (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1. General view in life of the holotype of Dendrophidion atlantica sp. nov. (MNRJ 17018; SVL 595 mm).

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Dendrophidion (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Dendrophidion atlantica sp. nov. in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. 1: Mata do Catolé, Maceió; 2: Mata da Salva, Rio Largo; 3: Mata do Rio Messias, Messias; 4: Mata da Bananeira, Murici; 5: Mata do Engenho Coimbra, Ibateguara (type locality).

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Dendrophidion (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Sulcate (A) and asulcate (B) views of the hemipenis of Dendrophidion atlantica sp. nov. (holotype, MNRJ 17018). Bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Dendrophidion (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views of the head of Dendrophidion atlantica sp. nov. (holotype, MNRJ 17018). Bar equals 10 mm.

FIGURE 28 in Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America

FIGURE 28. Everted hemipenis of Dendrophidion clarkii in sulcate and asulcate views (AMNH 109719, Cauca department, Colombia).

FIGURE 27 in Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America

FIGURE 27. Hemipenis of Dendrophidion nuchale, oblique apical view (TCWC 59022). Sulcus spermaticus is the deep furrow in the center of the photograph.

FIGURE 26 in Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America

FIGURE 26. Everted hemipenis of Dendrophidion nuchale in sulcate and asulcate views (TCWC 59022, Aragua province, Venezuela).

FIGURE 25 in Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America

FIGURE 25. Dendrophidion clarkii, apex of the hemipenis of CAS 119604 (Chocó, Colombia) stained with alizarin red to show the distribution of spinules in the calyces and flounces. A, left lateral side. B, right lateral side. C, asulcate side. sa, spines in the spinose annulus.

FIGURE 29 in Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America

FIGURE 29. Everted hemipenis of Dendrophidion rufiterminorum in sulcate and asulcate views (LSUMZ 8901 [holotype], Cayo District, Belize). The tip of the apex was manually everted and the base is twisted.

FIGURE 23 in Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America

FIGURE 23. Specimens of Dendrophidion clarkii and D. rufiterminorum from northwestern Costa Rica. A, LACM 148557 (D. clarkii, upper San Luís valley, 1000 m, Pacific versant). B, LACM 149515 (D. rufiterminorum, Poco Sol de San Carlos, 540 m, Atlantic versant).

FIGURE 24 in Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America

FIGURE 24. Everted hemipenis of Dendrophidion nuchale in sulcate and asulcate views (TCWC 59022) illustrating spine terminology used herein.

FIGURE 22 in Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America

FIGURE 22. Documentation of sympatry between D. rufiterminorum and D. clarkii in the vicinity of Guayacán, Costa Rica (Limón province, Atlantic versant; see Figs. 12, 20). A, Dendrophidion rufiterminorum, photographed by Alejandro Solórzano. B, Dendrophidion clarkii photographed by Brian Kubicki 22 August 2004.

FIGURE 19 in Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America

FIGURE 19. Juvenile specimens of Dendrophidion rufiterminorum from Guatemala. A, KU 190917, 395 mm SVL. B, KU 190916, 257 mm SVL.

FIGURE 17 in Systematics of the Dendrophidion nuchale complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) with the description of a new species from Central America

FIGURE 17. Juvenile Dendrophidion rufiterminorum from the San Luis valley, northwestern Costa Rica (Pacific versant). From a color slide by Alejandro Solórzano. Photographs of the same individual were published in Savage (2002: plate 414) and Solórzano (2004: fig. 56). Compare the juvenile D. clarkii, Fig. 7A.