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39 results for “Developmental history”
Variation in personality shaped by evolutionary history, genotype, and developmental plasticity in response to feeding modalities in the Arctic charr
<p>Animal personality has been shown to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and shaped by natural selection. Currently, little is known about mechanisms influencing the development of personality traits. This study examines the extent to which personality development is genetically influenced and/or environmentally responsive (plastic). We also investigated the role of evolutionary history, assessing whether personality traits could be canalized along a genetic and ecological divergence gradient. We tested the plastic potential of boldness in juveniles of five Icelandic Arctic charr morphs (<em>Salvelinus</em> <em>alpinus</em>), including two pairs of sympatric morphs, displaying various degrees of genetic and ecological divergence from the ancestral anadromous charr, split between treatments mimicking benthic vs. pelagic feeding modalities. We show that differences in mean boldness are mostly affected by genetics. While the benthic treatment led to bolder individuals overall, the environmental effect was rather weak, suggesting that boldness lies under strong genetic influence with reduced plastic potential. Finally, we found hints of differences by morphs in boldness canalization through reduced variance and plasticity, and higher consistency in boldness within morphs. These findings provide new insights into how behavioural development may impact adaptive diversification.</p>
Data archive for 'Cognitive bias in relation to developmental history and stress response in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)'
<p>Data files and R code for Gott et al. 'Cognitive bias in relation to developmental history and stress response in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)'.</p> <p>One .csv file gives the trial-by-trial data from the cognitive bias experiment. The other gives individual-level summary variables. Both are used by the R script.</p> <p>Uploaded 9th September 2018</p>
Data archive for 'Developmental history, energetic state and choice impulsivity in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris'
<p>Data and code for Dunn et al. 'Developmental history, energetic state and choice impulsivity in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris'</p> <p> </p> <p>The r script allows you to carry out all the analyses reported in the paper. Data from the experiment reported in the paper are 'databybird.csv'.</p> <p>In the paper, we also compare the findings of the present experiment with findings from a study of risk preference in the same birds (Andrews et al. 2018), and two earlier studies of impulsivity in different birds (Bateson et al. 2015, Nettle et al. 2015) . For convenience, we have included the relevant data from those earlier studies here too, though those data are all already published in association with the primary paper on those experiments.</p> <p>This version has a revised R script which tweaked some of the analyses in response to peer review.</p>
Figure 1 in Life history dynamics and biogeography of a nudibranch with contrasting developmental modes: A hypothesis for the evolution of larval types
Figure 1. Map of the lower Gulf of Maine with the distribution of Dendronotus frondosus and Dendronotus sp. from subtidal and intertidal habitats near the coasts of Maine (ME) and New Hampshire (NH), USA and New Brunswick (NB) and Nova Scotia (NS), Canada. See Table I to reference site numbers and Cartesian coordinates. Sites for seasonal monitoring of hydroid and nudibranch abundance include York (2), West Quoddy Head (12) and Eastport (13), Maine.
Figure 5 in Life history dynamics and biogeography of a nudibranch with contrasting developmental modes: A hypothesis for the evolution of larval types
Figure 5. Summary of the larval dispersal potential of Dendronotus frondosus and Dendronotus sp. in laboratory cultures at 10°C (Sisson 2002b, 2004). The ''egg-to-juvenile'' period lasts from spawn deposition through larval settlement and metamorphosis.
Figure 3 in Life history dynamics and biogeography of a nudibranch with contrasting developmental modes: A hypothesis for the evolution of larval types
Figure 3. Abundance of spawn masses deposited by Dendronotus spp. at: (a) York, Maine, (b) Eastport, Maine and (c) the intertidal site at West Quoddy Head, Lubec, Maine.
Figure 4 in Life history dynamics and biogeography of a nudibranch with contrasting developmental modes: A hypothesis for the evolution of larval types
Figure 4. Weekly mean (¡SD), minimum and maximum water temperature (in °C) at the subtidal sampling sites in York and Eastport, Maine.
Variation in personality shaped by evolutionary history, genotype, and developmental plasticity in response to feeding modalities in the Arctic charr
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Data from: A rapidly evolved shift in life history timing during ecological speciation is driven by the transition between developmental phases
<p>For insect species in temperate environments, seasonal timing is often governed by the regulation of diapause, a complex developmental program that allows insects to weather unfavorable conditions and synchronize their lifecycles with available resources. Diapause development consists of a series of distinct phases including initiation, maintenance, termination, and post-diapause development. The evolution of insect seasonal timing depends in part on how these phases of diapause development and post-diapause development interact to affect variation in phenology. Here, we dissect the physiological basis of a recently evolved phenological shift in Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), a model system for ecological divergence. A recently derived population of R. pomonella shifted from specializing on native hawthorn fruit to earlier fruiting introduced apples, resulting in a 3-4 week shift in adult emergence timing. We tracked metabolic rates of individual flies across post-winter development to test which phases of development may act either independently or in combination to contribute to this recently evolved divergence in timing. Apple and hawthorn flies differed in a number of facets of their post-winter developmental trajectories. However, divergent adaptation in adult emergence phenology in these flies was due almost entirely to the end of the pupal diapause maintenance phase, with post-diapause development having a very small effect. The relatively simple underpinnings of variation in adult emergence phenology suggest that further adaptation to seasonal change in these flies for this trait might be largely due to the timing of diapause termination unhindered by strong covariance among different components of post-diapause development.</p>
Developmental life history is associated with variation in rates of climatic niche evolution in a salamander adaptive radiation
Rates of climatic niche evolution vary widely across the tree of life and are strongly associated with rates of diversification and the accumulation of species diversity among clades. However, why the climatic niche evolves more rapidly in some lineages than others remains unclear. Variation in life history traits often plays a key role in determining the environmental conditions under which species can survive, and therefore, could impact the rate at which lineages can expand in available climatic niche space. Here, we explore the relationships among life-history variation, climatic niche breadth, and rates of climatic niche evolution. We reconstruct a new phylogeny for the genus Desmognathus, an adaptive radiation of salamanders distributed across eastern North America, based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Using this phylogeny, we estimate rates of climatic niche evolution for species with long, short, and no aquatic larval stage. Rates of climatic niche evolution are unrelated to the mean climatic niche breadth of species with different life histories. Instead, we find that the evolution of a short larval period promotes greater exploration of climatic space, leading to increased rates of climatic niche evolution across species having this trait. We propose that morphological and physiological differences associated with variation in larval stage length underlie the heterogeneous ability of lineages to explore climatic niche space. Rapid rates of climatic niche evolution among lineages with short larval periods were an important dimension of the clade's adaptive radiation and likely contributed to the rapid rate of lineage accumulation following the evolution of an aquatic life history in this clade. Our results show how variation in a key life-history trait can constrain or promote divergence of the climatic niche, leading to variation in rates of climatic niche evolution among lineages.
Developmental Temperature Affects Life-History Traits and Heat Tolerance in the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius colemani
<p>Dataset associated to the paper "Developmental Temperature Affects Life-History Traits and Heat Tolerance in the Aphid Parasitoid<em> Aphidius colemani". </em>In this study, we exposed the aphid parasitoid <em>Aphidius colemani</em> to different temperature regimes (10, 20, or 28 °C) throughout larval development and measured morphological and physiological traits indicator of fitness and heat tolerance in the adult.</p>
Data from: Larval developmental histories, phenotypes, and stage-specific fitness of a temperate reef fish (<em>Forsterygion lapillum</em>)
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Data from: Context-dependent effects of developmental and adult diet on life-history traits in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: A rapidly evolved shift in life history timing during ecological speciation is driven by the transition between developmental phases
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Data from: Developmental temperature, not inbreeding, shapes life history and locomotor behaviors in juvenile guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
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Developmental life history is associated with variation in rates of climatic niche evolution in a salamander adaptive radiation
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Data from: Developmental and evolutionary history affect survival in stressful environments
The world is increasingly impacted by a variety of stressors that have the potential to differentially influence life history stages of organisms. Organisms have evolved to cope with some stressors, while with others they have little capacity. It is thus important to understand the effects of both developmental and evolutionary history on survival in stressful environments. We present evidence of the effects of both developmental and evolutionary history on survival of a freshwater vertebrate, the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) in an osmotically stressful environment. We compared the survival of larvae in either NaCl or MgCl2 that were exposed to salinity either as larvae only or as embryos as well. Embryonic exposure to salinity led to greater mortality of newt larvae than larval exposure alone, and this reduced survival probability was strongly linked to the carry-over effect of stunted embryonic growth in salts. Larval survival was also dependent on the type of salt (NaCl or MgCl2) the larvae were exposed to, and was lowest in MgCl2, a widely-used chemical deicer that, unlike NaCl, amphibian larvae do not have an evolutionary history of regulating at high levels. Both developmental and evolutionary history are critical factors in determining survival in this stressful environment, a pattern that may have widespread implications for the survival of animals increasingly impacted by substances with which they have little evolutionary history.
Evolutionary changes in the chromatin landscape contribute to reorganization of a developmental gene network during rapid life history evolution in sea urchins
<p>Chromatin configuration is highly dynamic during embryonic development in animals, exerting an important point of control in transcriptional regulation. Yet there exists remarkably little information about the role of evolutionary changes in chromatin configuration to the evolution of gene expression and organismal traits. Genome-wide assays of chromatin configuration, coupled with whole-genome alignments, can help address this gap in knowledge in several ways. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of regulatory element sequences and accessibility throughout embryogenesis in three sea urchin species with divergent life histories: a lecithotroph <em>Heliocidaris erythrogramma</em>, a closely related planktotroph <em>H. tuberculata</em>, and a distantly related planktotroph <em>Lytechinus variegatus</em>. We identified distinct epigenetic and mutational signatures of evolutionary modifications to the function of putative <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements in <em>H. erythrogramma</em> that have accumulated non-uniformly throughout the genome, suggesting selection, rather than drift, underlies many modifications associated with the derived life history. Specifically, regulatory elements composing the sea urchin developmental gene regulatory network are enriched for signatures of positive selection and accessibility changes which may function to alter binding affinity and access of developmental transcription factors to these sites. Furthermore, regulatory element changes often correlate with divergent expression patterns of genes involved in cell type specification, morphogenesis, and development of other derived traits, suggesting these evolutionary modifications have been consequential for phenotypic evolution in <em>H. erythrogramma</em>. Collectively, our results demonstrate that selective pressures imposed by changes in developmental life history rapidly reshape the <em>cis</em>-regulatory landscape of core developmental genes to generate novel traits and embryonic programs.</p>
Natural history of model organisms: the secret (group) life of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and why it matters to developmental ecology
<ol> <li>Model organisms such as <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> have been key tools for advancing our fundamental and applied knowledge in biological and biomedical sciences. However, model organisms have become intertwined with the idea of controlled and stable laboratory environments, and their natural history has been overlooked.</li> <li>In holometabolous insects, lack of natural history information on larval ecology has precluded major advances in the field of developmental ecology, especially in terms of manipulations of population density early in life (i.e., larval density). This is because of relativistic and to some extent, arbitrary methodologies employed to manipulate larval densities in laboratory studies. As a result, these methodologies render comparisons between species impossible, precluding our understanding of macroevolutionary responses to population densities during development that can be derived from comparative studies.</li> <li>We recently proposed a new conceptual framework to address this issue and here, we provide the first natural history investigation of <i>Drosophila melanogaster </i>larval density under such framework. First, we characterised the distribution of larval densities in wild population of <i>D. melanogaster </i>using rotting apples as breeding substrate in a suburban area in Sweden.</li> <li>Next, we compiled the commonly used methodologies for manipulating larval densities in laboratory studies from the literature and found that the majority of laboratory studies did not manipulate larval densities below or above the densities observed in nature, suggesting that we have yet to study true life-history and physiological responses to low and high population densities during <i>D. melanogaster</i> development.</li> <li>This is, to our knowledge, the first direct natural history account of larval density in nature for this model organism. Our study paves the way for a more integrated view of organismal biology which re-incorporates natural history of model organisms into hypothesis-driven research in developmental ecology.</li> </ol>
Natural History of Craniofacial Anomalies and Developmental Growth Variants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02639312. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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