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FIGURE 48 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURE 48. Scatter plots of length of blade of elongate endophallic sclerite (A) and length of spined area of elongate endophallic sclerite (B) versus the length of the elongate endophallic sclerite for field collected material of Diorhabda elongata species group and laboratory produced F1 and F2 D. elongata/D. sublineata hybrids (see Figs. 45–47 for illustrations of endophallic sclerites for individual hybrids identified by alphanumeric codes in plots; see Table 3 for sample sizes and statistics for measurements).

FIGURES 24–28 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 24–28. Elongate (ventral) endophallic sclerite (dorsal views and a single dorso-lateral view [DLV]). 24—Diorhabda elongata, 25—D. carinata, 26—D. sublineata, 27—D. carinulata, 28—D. meridionalis. BL—blade, HA —hooked apex, CES—connecting endophallic sclerite (partial), EES—elongate endophallic sclerite, LA—lateral appendage, LB—length blade, LN—lateral notch. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 19–23 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 19–23. Elongate (ventral) endophallic sclerite (lateral view) with connecting (lateral) endophallic sclerite (dorsal view, when present). 19—Diorhabda elongata, 20—D. carinata, 21—D. sublineata, 22—D. carinulata, 23—D. meridionalis. CES—connecting endophallic sclerite, EES—elongate endophallic sclerite, LA—lateral appendage, LB—length of blade, LN—lateral notch, SL—length of spined area of blade. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 1–9 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 1–9. Dorsal habitus of males (dead - top row, living - bottom row) of the Diorhabda elongata species group (tamarisk beetles): 1–2—D. elongata (Mediterranean tamarisk beetle), 3–4—D. carinata (larger tamarisk beetle), 5–6—D. sublineata (subtropical tamarisk beetle), 7–8—D. carinulata (northern tamarisk beetle), 9—D. meridionalis (southern tamarisk beetle). SSV—subsutural elytral vitta, SMV—submarginal elytral vitta. Scale bar 5.0 mm.

FIGURES 34–38 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 34–38. Female genitalia: internal sternite VIII (IS VIII), vaginal palpi (VP), and spermatheca (SP). 34—Diorhabda elongata, 35—D. carinata, 36—D. sublineata, 37—D. carinulata, 38—D. meridionalis. AL—apical lobe of IS VIII, LP—length vaginal palpus, PA—pointed appendage of SP, ST—stalk of IS VIII, TL—tips of lobes of IS VIII, WAL—width apical lobe of IS VIII, WLS—width lobe of stalk of IS VIII, WP—width vaginal palpus, WST—width stalk of IS VIII. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 14–18 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 14–18. Male genitalia: median lobe (ML) of aedeagus with everted endophallus (END; uninflated) (lateral and dorsal views).14—Diorhabda elongata, 15—D. carinata, 16—D. sublineata, 17—D. carinulata, 18—D. meridionalis. BF—basal foramen (or basal orifice), CES—connecting endophallic sclerite, DO—dorsal ostium (or apical orifice); EES—elongate endophallic sclerite, GP—gonopore, LA—lateral appendage, LB—length of blade, PES—palmate endophallic sclerite, SL—length of spined area of blade, VM—ventral membrane. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 57 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURE 57. Linear and categorical models for continentality (A) and biomic (B) habitat suitability indices for the Diorhabda elongata species group. Model parameters calculated from descriptive statistics (Fig. 52), including interquartile range (IQR), minimum (MIN) value minus 20% of range (R), and maximum value (MAX) plus 20% of range (labeled in A for D. carinulata).

FIGURE 55 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURE 55. Three dimensional biomic principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) scatter plot for the Diorhabda elongata species group and Tamarix spp. invasive in North America for the first three eigenvectors (cumulative axis loading of 80.92%; Table 13) computed from a biomic Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix (Table 12). Biomes in which ranks of species are statistically significantly positively or negatively correlated with ranks of species in each PCoA axis are indicated in parentheses (see Table 13). Plotted with Mod3D module of NTSYSpc (Rohlf 2006).

FIGURES 53–54 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 53–54. Biomic dissimilarity dendrograms based on biomic Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices. 53—Diorhabda elongata species group (from Table 10), 54—both the D. elongata group and Tamarix species invasive in North America (from Table 12). Dendrograms produced with NTSYSpc Tree plot module (Rohlf 2006) from clusters formed with unweighted arithmetic average clustering (UPGMA) (NTSYSpc SAHN module). Line connecting D. elongata and T. gallica at left signifies that the positions of these taxa are interchangeable in an alternate dendrogram of equal rcoph value.

FIGURE 52 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURE 52. Schematic box plots for distances to the ocean (A) (Proc Boxplot [Boxstyle=Schematic]; SAS Institute 2005) and a bar chart of frequency percentages for distribution of each Diorhabda species across biomes (B) (Proc Freq; SAS Institute 2005) from native presence-only field collection data for the Diorhabda elongata species group at 5 minute grid resolution. Percentage of a species in a biome is number of collections for that species in the biome divided by the number of collections of that species across all biomes. See Figure 51 for explanation of box plots. Sample sizes of field localities (N) and a table summary statistics and plotted values are inset in each chart.

FIGURE 51 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURE 51. Schematic box plots for elevations (A) and latitudes (B) from native presence-only field collection data for the Diorhabda elongata species group at 5 minute grid resolution. Box plots for each species depict the mean, median, first quartile (Q1), third quartile (Q3), interquartile range (IQR, Q1–Q3), low whisker (LW; lowest point at or above 1.5*IQR lower than Q1), high whisker (HW, highest point at or below 1.5*IQR higher than Q3), mild outliers (MO, points between the low or high whisker and 3*IQR from Q1 and Q3, respectively), and extreme outliers (EO, points below or above 3*IQR from Q1 and Q3, respectively) (Proc Boxplot; SAS Institute 2005). Sample sizes of field localities (N) and a table summary statistics and plotted values are inset in each chart.

publicMar 2012View details →

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Data from: Evolution of critical day length for diapause induction enables range expansion of Diorhabda carinulata, a biological control agent against tamarisk (Tamarix spp.)

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FIGURES 10–13 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 10–13. Sexual dimorphism in Diorhabda elongata: 10—male last visible sternite, 11—female last visible sternite, 12—male foretarsus, 13—female foretarsus. AN—apical notch, T3—third bi-lobed tarsal segment, T5—fifth tarsal segment. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 44–47 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 44–47. Palmate, connecting (dorsal views), and elongate (dorsal and lateral views) endophallic sclerites with abnormal sclerites in laboratory pure lines of Diorhabda elongata and D. sublineata and laboratory produced D. sublineata × D. elongata hybrids from New Mexico State University (NMSU). 44—♂ D. elongata pure line, 45—♂ D. sublineata pure line, 46—♀ D. sublineata × ♂ D. elongata hybrids (F1 and F2), 47—♀ D. elongata × ♂ D. sublineata hybrids (F1 and F2). AS—abnormal sclerite, CES—connecting endophallic sclerite, DS—distal spines, EES—elongate endophallic sclerite, LA—lateral appendage, LB—length of blade, LN—lateral notch, PES—palmate endophallic sclerite, SDS—subdistal spines, SL—length of spined area of blade. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 29–33 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 29–33. Palmate (dorsal) endophallic sclerite (dorsal view). 29—Diorhabda elongata, 30—D. carinata, 31—D. sublineata, 32—D. carinulata, 33—D. meridionalis. CES—connecting endophallic sclerite, DS—distal spines, EES—elongate endophallic sclerite, LA—lateral appendage, LN—lateral notch, PES—palmate endophallic sclerite, SDS—subdistal spines. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 39–43 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURES 39–43. Female internal sternite VIII (IS VIII). 39—Diorhabda elongata, 40—D. carinata, 41—D. sublineata, 42—D. carinulata, 43—D. meridionalis. AL—apical lobe, ST—stalk, TL—tips of lobes of stalk, *—IS VIII distinctly identifiable as D. carinata, **—IS VIII distinctly identifiable as D. sublineata. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 58 in Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk

FIGURE 58. Categorical model for biomic relative suitability indices for the Diorhabda elongata species group. Model parameters calculated from descriptive statistics (Fig. 52B).