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10 results for “Diplomystidae”
FIGURE 2 in A Century after! Rediscovery of the ancient catfish Diplomystes Bleeker 1858 (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae) in coastal river basins of Chile and its implications for conservation
FIGURE 2 | Individuals of Diplomystes nahuelbutaensis recorded in this study and their habitat. A. individual collected in Laraquete (Lar01); B. individual collected and released in Carampangue. C. individual collected in Laraquete (Lar02) and released; D. Habitat of D. nahuelbutaensis in the Cabrera River, Carampangue Basin.
FIGURE 4 in A Century after! Rediscovery of the ancient catfish Diplomystes Bleeker 1858 (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae) in coastal river basins of Chile and its implications for conservation
FIGURE 4 | Null distribution of Fst values assuming a panmictic model versus the observed Fst value (vertical line) between Coastal and Biobío samples of Diplomystes nahuelbutaensis.
Files for phylogenetic analyses and molecular diagnosis between Diplomystidae catfish species
<p>Diplomystidae is an early-diverged family of freshwater catfish endemic to southern South America. We have recently collected five juvenile specimens belonging to this family from the Bueno River Basin, a basin which the only previous record was a single juvenile specimen collected in 1996. This finding confirms the distribution of the family further South in northern Patagonia, but poses new questions about the origin of this population in an area with a strong glacial history. We used phylogenetic analyses to evaluate three different hypotheses that could explain the origin of this population in the basin. First, the population could have originated in Atlantic basins (East of the Andes) and dispersed to the Bueno Basin after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) via river reversals, as it has been proposed for other population of <em>Diplomystes </em>as well as for other freshwater species from Patagonia. Second, the population could have originated in the geographically close Valdivia Basin (West of the Andes) and dispersed south to its current location in the Bueno Basin. Third, regardless of its geographic origin (West or East of the Andes), the Bueno Basin population could have a longer history in the basin, surviving in situ through the LGM. In addition, we conducted species delimitation analyses using a recently developed method that uses a protracted model of speciation. Our goal was to test the species status of the Bueno Basin population along with another controversial population in Central Chile (Biobío Basin), which appeared highly divergent in previous studies with mtDNA. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the population from the Bueno Basin is more related to Atlantic than to Pacific lineages, although with a deep divergence that predated the LGM, supporting in situ survival rather than postglacial dispersal. In addition, these analyses also showed that the species <em>D. nahuelbutaensis</em> is polyphyletic, supporting the need for a taxonomic reevaluation. The species delimitation analyses supported two new species which are described using molecular diagnostic characters: <em>Diplomystes arratiae</em> sp. nov. from the Biobío, Carampangue, and Laraquete basins, maintaining <em>D. nahuelbutaensis</em> valid only for the Imperial Basin, and <em>Diplomystes habitae</em> sp. nov. from the Bueno Basin. This study greatly increases the number of species within both the family Diplomystidae and Patagonia, and contributes substantially to the knowledge of the evolution of southern South American freshwater biodiversity during its glacial history. Given the important contribution to the phylogenetic diversity of the family, we recommend a high conservation priority for both new species. Finally, this study highlights an exemplary scenario where species descriptions based only on DNA data are particularly valuable, bringing additional elements to the ongoing debate on DNAbased taxonomy.</p>
Files for phylogenetic analyses and molecular diagnosis between Diplomystidae catfish species
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Fig. 2 in Movement patterns and home range in Diplomystes camposensis (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae), an endemic and threatened species from Chile
Fig. 2. River sections showing movement patterns (black lines) for each of the seven individuals of Diplomystes camposensis studied. a) RT 13, b) RT 14, c) RT 52, d) RT 61, e) RT 62, f) RT 63, g) RT 67. Note that scales are different in each case. Please refer to Fig. 1 for reference to the location of these areas within the main study area (San Pedro River).
Fig. 1 in Movement patterns and home range in Diplomystes camposensis (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae), an endemic and threatened species from Chile
Fig. 1. Study area showing the main course of the San Pedro River, which has its origin in the Riñihue Lake outlet. The confluence with the Quinchilca River is located 40 kilometres downstream, forming the Calle-Calle River. Zoomed area represents kernel home range for individual RT 13. Areas in dark grey, light grey, and white correspond to estimation using 95%, 70% and 50% density, respectively.
Fig. 4 in Movement patterns and home range in Diplomystes camposensis (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae), an endemic and threatened species from Chile
Fig. 4. Relationship between body mass (g) and Kernel home range (m2). Black circles, gray squares, and white pentagons correspond to Kernel estimation with 95%, 75%, and 50% density, respectively.
Fig. 3 in Movement patterns and home range in Diplomystes camposensis (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae), an endemic and threatened species from Chile
Fig. 3. Three measures of movement of Diplomystes camposensis. The x-axis shows six individuals and the combined data during day (D) and night time (N). The y-axis shows values of a) distance from E0 (m); b) Cumulative directional movement (m), and c) Average movement (m), differentiating between displacements upstream (positive) or downstream (negative) in direction. Black squares show mean value and whiskers show standard error. Individual R 52 not included here due to the lack of night measurements.
FIGURE 3 in A Century after! Rediscovery of the ancient catfish Diplomystes Bleeker 1858 (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae) in coastal river basins of Chile and its implications for conservation
FIGURE 3 | Phylogenetic position of the Coastal populations of Diplomystes recorded in this study in relation to the diversity of the family presented in Muñoz-Ramírez et al. (2014), inferred from the analyzes of two mitochondrial DNA regions (Cytochrome b and Control Region). A. Unrooted Bayesian phylogenetic tree. B. Haplotype network for Diplomystes including samples from the Biobío Basin (from Muñoz-Ramírez et al., 2014) and the individuals sampled in this study. The size of the haplotype represents its frequency, whereas the color represents its geographic distribution. Dashes on lines connecting two haplotypes represent either mutational steps or uncollected haplotypes.
FIGURE 1 in A Century after! Rediscovery of the ancient catfish Diplomystes Bleeker 1858 (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae) in coastal river basins of Chile and its implications for conservation
FIGURE 1 | General area and coastal basins where the new specimens of Diplomystes were recorded. Coastal basin names are shown with a smaller font size in the map on the right. The Carampangue and Laraquete basins, from where the samples were collected, are indicated with their names in bold.
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