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Fig. 21 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 21. Variation in the cerebellar face of the right periotic of Nimbadon lavarackorum. A, QM F53848; B, QM F53847; C, QM F30904; D, QM F53866.

Fig. 18 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 18. Representative Nimbadon lavarackorum glenoid regions in occlusal (A–B) and lateral (C–D) views. A, QM F53642; B, QM F31541; C, QM F31377; D, QM F50470. Not to scale.

Fig. 17 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 17. Variation in Nimbadon lavarackorum basicranial structures. A, QM F42677; B, QM F40345; C, QM F53642; D, QM F50470. Not to scale.

Fig. 20 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 20. Variation in the tympanic face of the right periotic of Nimbadon lavarackorum. A, QM F53848; B, QM F53844; C, QM F53842; D, QM F53846.

Fig. 16 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 16. Lateral (A–F) and dorsal (A9–F9) profiles of representative Nimbadon lavarackorum adult skulls from AL90 site. A– A9, QM F53642; B– B9, QM F40345; C– C9, QM F53645; D–D9, QM F31377; E–E9, QM F50470; F–F9, QM F31541. See text for explanation of numbers.

Fig. 14 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 14. Morphological variation in the RP3 of Nimbadon lavarackorum from AL90 site. Specimens used are as follows: A, QM F53653; B, QM F50696; C, QM F50695; D, QM F53784; E, QM F30833; F, QM F53659; G, QM F50694; H, QM F53643; I, QM F42677; J, QM F50745; K, QM F53654; L, QM F30781. Specimens A, E, J, K and L are mirror images of left P3's to facilitate comparison. 1, weak buccal emargination between anterior and posterior moieties compared with 2, strong emargination; 3, short parastylar shelf as opposed to 4, elongate; 5, weak anterolingual cingulum compared with 6, well developed; 7, hypocone absent compared to 8, small or 9, moderately developed; 10, anterior hypocone crest present; 11, protocone large and bulbous as opposed to 12, small, or 13, narrow and lingually compressed; 14, parastyle small compared with 15, well developed; 16, parastyle hooked; 17, deep transverse valley separating parastyle from parametacone base, compared with 18, shallow valley or 19, valley absent entirely; 20, anterolingual parametacone crest terminates at valley between protocone and parametacone bases as opposed to 21, meets the lingual cingulum or 22, meets a buccal protocone crest; 23, posterobuccal cingulum absent compared to 24, well developed; 25, mesostyle present; 26, weak anterolingual emargination between pas and protocone compared with 27, strong emargination.

Fig. 15 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 15. Lingual view of select left P3's of Nimbadon lavarackorum showing variation in the size, structure, and development of accessory crests of the (unworn) parastyle. A, QM F53651; B, QM F30781 (mirror image); C, QM F53654; D, QM F53653.

Fig. 13 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 13 (A–H). Bivariate plots of select cranial variables in Nimbadon lavarackorum from AL90 against skull length.

Fig. 11 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 11. Craniomandibular measurements for univariate analyses of Nimbadon lavarackorum. For definition of measurements, see table 1.

Fig. 10 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 10. Nimbadon lavarackorum dentition: A–C, dP3 (QM F53648a); D–F, right I1 (QM F50698); G–I, right i1 (QM F50703); J–L, dp3 (QM F30784). A–A9, occlusal stereopair; B, buccal view; C, lingual view; D, buccal view; E, occlusal view; F, lingual view; G, buccal view; H, occlusal view; I, lingual view; J–J9, occlusal stereopair; K, buccal view; L, lingual view; M–M9, occlusal stereopair left lower cheektooth row (QM F40337); N–N9, occlusal stereopair left upper cheektooth row (QM F31377).

Fig. 7 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 7. Nimbadon lavarackorum mandible (QM F40337). Gray areas represent broken areas. Gray line represents epoxy resin join.

Fig. 1 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 1. Stylized drawing of Nimbadon lavarackorum cranium showing major features: A, dorsal view; B, occlusal view; C, lateral view.

Fig. 9 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 9. Nimbadon lavarackorum subadult dentary (QM F53792) in medial view. Gray areas represent broken areas.

Fig. 5 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 5. Nimbadon lavarackorum left periotic (QM F53848): A, tympanic (lateral) face; B, cerebellar face.

Fig. 8 in First Crania and Assessment of Species Boundaries in Nimbadon (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae) from the Middle Miocene of Australia

Fig. 8. Nimbadon lavarackorum mandible (QM F40337) in lateral view. Gray areas represent broken areas. Gray line represents epoxy resin join.

Figure 13 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 13. Length versus posterior width for sexed eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) lower molar teeth from Warwick, Darling Downs. A, M1. B, M2. C, M3. D, M4.

Figure 8 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 8. Dimensions of Diprotodon dentaries at position below M3 for the Darling Downs (N = 34), Lake Callabonna (N = 19) and Bacchus Marsh (N = 23) assemblages. Closed markers indicate large-form individuals, open markers indicate small-form individuals.

Figure 12 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 12. Photographs and line drawings of morphological variation in P3 of Diprotodon (all specimens from Myall Creek). A, AMF49697, RP3 (mirrored). B, AMF49698, LP3. C, AMF51864, LP3. D, AMF49700, RP3 (mirrored). E, AMF497100, LP3. F, AMF49703, LP3. G, AMF51863, RP3 (mirrored). H, AMF49695, LP3. I, AMF86825, RP3 (mirrored). J, AMF86826, RP3 (mirrored). Numerals on line drawings denote character variations: 1, parastyle absent or reduced, concurrent with anterior cingulum; 2, parastyle large or bulbous; 3, anterior groove poorly developed; 4, anterior groove moderately developed; 5, cleft between paracone and protocone deep; 6, cleft between paracone and protocone shallow; 7, preprotocrista originates at anterobuccal portion of protocone; 8, preprotocrista originates at mid-buccal to posterobuccal portion of protocone; 9, buccal cingulum moderately to well developed; 10, buccal cingulum poorly developed to absent.

Figure 5 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 5. Diprotodon cheek teeth (M1–4, lacking premolars) from the Darling Downs. A, QMF1517, occlusal aspect of lower right molar row. B, QMF10783, occlusal aspect of upper left molar row.

Figure 3. Diprotodon dentaries from the Darling Downs. A in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 3. Diprotodon dentaries from the Darling Downs. A, lateral aspect of a large-form individual (QMF319). B, lateral aspect of a small-form individual (QMF36129). C, internal aspect of same small-form individual.