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FIG. 8 in Review of Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (Gonyleptidae, Opiliones), with the transfer of Paradiscocyrtus cerayanus Roewer, 1929 to Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 and a new interpretation of its type locality

FIG. 8. — Discocyrtus cerayanus (Roewer, 1929) n. comb., MNRJ 7244†, male genitalia, distal part: A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, C, 100 μm. Colored features are the genitalic macrosetae of VP: light blue, MS A; dark blue, MS B; magenta, MS C; yellow, MS D; green, MS E.

FIG. 6 in Review of Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (Gonyleptidae, Opiliones), with the transfer of Paradiscocyrtus cerayanus Roewer, 1929 to Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 and a new interpretation of its type locality

FIG. 6. — Habitus of Discocyrtus cerayanus (Roewer, 1929) n. comb., MNRJ 7244†, in alcohol, male from Caeté, Minas Gerais, Brazil: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view; D, anterior view. Scale bars: 1 cm. Photos: R. Carvalho.

FIG. 1 in Review of Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (Gonyleptidae, Opiliones), with the transfer of Paradiscocyrtus cerayanus Roewer, 1929 to Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 and a new interpretation of its type locality

FIG. 1. — Previous state of knowledge of the Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927 species composition between 1929-2020: A, B, Paradiscocyrtus neglectus Mello- Leitão, 1927 (male), in vivo, from Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; C, Paradiscocyrtus neglectus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (female), in vivo, same locality; D, Discocyrtus cerayanus (Roewer, 1929) n. comb. [previously Paradiscocyrtus cerayanus] (male), MNRJ 7245†, in alcohol, from Caeté, Minas Gerais, Brazil; E, F, Bunopachylus orientalis (Roewer, 1913) [of which Paradiscocyrtus trochanteralis Roewer, 1929 is recognized as junior synomyn] (male), in vivo, from Águas Mornas, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Scale bar: 1 cm. Photos: A-C, A. Kury; D, R. Carvalho; E, F, M. Medrano.

FIG. 3 in Review of Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (Gonyleptidae, Opiliones), with the transfer of Paradiscocyrtus cerayanus Roewer, 1929 to Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 and a new interpretation of its type locality

FIG. 3. — Cladogram depicting proposed external and internal phylogenetic relationships of Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927, with synapomorphies for each clade mapped using ACCTRAN. This is the most frequent topology (k-values = 5, 6, 10, 15 and 20) obtained by TNT. Blue squares, nonhomoplastic synapomorphies; white circles, homoplastic synapomorphies. Number of characters above and number of states below symbols.

FIG. 5 in Review of Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (Gonyleptidae, Opiliones), with the transfer of Paradiscocyrtus cerayanus Roewer, 1929 to Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 and a new interpretation of its type locality

FIG. 5. — Brazil, showing distribution of Discocyrtus cerayanus (Roewer, 1929) n. comb. and Paradiscocyrtus neglectus Mello-Leitão, 1927. In the main map: 1) shaded areas in the background represent the regionalization ("Provinces") of the Neotropics (Morrone 2014); 2) the red-checkered area shows the Brazilian state of Ceará, misinterpreted by Mello-Leitão (in Roewer 1931) as the real meaning of "Ceraya" (type locality of D. cerayanus n. comb.) recorded by Roewer (1929). Here, "Ceraya" is interpreted as "Serra do Caraça", a mountain range from the Minas Gerais state. The inset shows the areas of endemism of the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest used here follow the concept exposed by DaSilva et al. (2017).

FIG. 4 in Review of Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (Gonyleptidae, Opiliones), with the transfer of Paradiscocyrtus cerayanus Roewer, 1929 to Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 and a new interpretation of its type locality

FIG. 4. — Diagnostic character states of Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (A, C, E) in contrast to Discocyrtus s. str. (B, D, F): A, B, stylus of glans (yellow); C, D, ocularium pair of spines (green); E, F, DS shape (gray), area III armature (blue), comparative shape between area IV posterior and DS posterior borders (red), Cx IV retrolateral apophysis (black); Tr IV prolateral medial apophysis (magenta, absent in Discocyrtus s. str.). Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F, 1 mm.

FIG. 7 in Review of Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (Gonyleptidae, Opiliones), with the transfer of Paradiscocyrtus cerayanus Roewer, 1929 to Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 and a new interpretation of its type locality

FIG. 7. — Discocyrtus cerayanus (Roewer, 1929) n. comb., (SMF RII 996/53), male holotype, from "Ceraya" [Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais], Brazil: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, ocularium, anterior view; D, Cx IV, ventral view; E, right Tr-Fe IV, dorsal view; F, same, prolateral view; G, same, ventral view; H, same, retrolateral view; I, right Pa-Ti IV, prolateral view; J, same, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 cm.

Fig. 11 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 11. Brazil and Guianas, showing parapatric distribution of the genera of Roeweriinae subfam. nov. Shaded areas in the background are Morrone's regionalization of the Neotropics ("provinces"; Morrone, 2014). ATL = Atlantic province; CER = Cerrado province; GUI = Guianan Lowlands province; MAD = Madeira province; PAR = Paraná Forest province; ROR = Roraima province.

Fig. 9 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 9. Amazochroma pedroi gen. et sp. nov. (MNRJ 2352). ♂, genitalia, diverse details. A. Stylus, dorso-lateral view, showing stunted ventral process and small flabellum. B. Lateral view, also showing apex of ventral plate. C. Flabellum of ventral process, dorso-apical view. D. Stylus, apex, dorsal view. E. Same, apical view. F. Same, posterior view. Scale bars: A = 20 μm; B = 50 μm; D–F = 10 μm; C = 5 μm.

Fig. 8 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 8. Amazochroma pedroi gen. et sp. nov. (MNRJ 2352). ♂, genitalia, distal part. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Fig. 10 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 10. Male specimens of Discocyrtus, ex-Discocyrtus, Mitobatinae, ex-Mitobatinae, Pachylinae and ex-Pachylinae, in vivo. – Roeweriinae. A. Discocyrtanus pertenuis (Mello-Leitão, 1935), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte. B. Roeweria virescens (Mello-Leitão, 1940), Brazil, São Paulo, Piedade. – "Pachylinae". C. Discocyrtus crenulatus Roewer, 1913, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Taquara. – Pachylinae. D. Pachylus chilensis (Gray, 1833), Chile.– Mitoblatinae. E. Discocyrtoides nigricans (Mello-Leitão, 1922), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, and F. Longiperna concolor (Mello-Leitão, 1923), Brazil, São Paulo, Ubatuba. Images courtesy Arthur Anker & Pedro Martins (A, C, E), João Burini (B), Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha (D) and Glauco Machado (F).

Fig. 7 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 7. Amazochroma pedroi gen. et sp. nov., ♂, holotype (MNRJ 2352). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Armature of scutal area III, posterior view. C. Ocularium, frontal view. D. Habitus, lateral view. E. Left femur IV, dorsal view. F. Same, retrolateral view. G. Same, ventral view. H. Same, prolateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 6. Amazochroma carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1941) gen. et comb. nov. (MNRJ 8801); ♂, genitalia, distal part. A. Dorsal view, panoramic. B. Same, greater magnification showing glans. C. Ventral view. D. Lateral view. E. Dorso-apical view. F. Stylus, apex, apical view. G. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–E = 100 μm; F–G = 10 μm.

Fig. 5 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 5. Amazochroma carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1941) gen. et comb. nov., ♂, holotype (MNRJ 5143). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Armature of scutal area III, dorso-posterior view. C. Ocularium, frontal view. D. Habitus, lateral view. E. Left femur IV, dorsal view. F. Same, retrolateral view. G. Same, ventral view. H. Same, prolateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 4. Single MP tree from TNT. Numbers at branches are the stability from absolute symmetric frequencies resampling percentage values (cut = 50) / decay index from Bremer Support. Abbreviations and colored backgrounds codes are: PAC (red) = Pachylinae; DRMN (yellow) = Monophyletic group including Discocyrtus, Roeweriinae subfam. nov., and Mitobatinae; MIT (green) = Mitobatinae; DIS (blue) = Discocyrtus; ROE (magenta) = Roeweriinae subfam. nov.

Fig. 3 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 3. Cladogram depicting proposed external and internal phylogenetic relationships of Roeweriinae subfam. nov., with unambiguous synapomorphies for each clade mapped. This is the single tree obtained by TNT. Small numbers above symbols are the numbers of the characters. Green squares = nonhomoplastic synapomorphies; white circles = homoplastic synapomorphies.

Fig. 1 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 1. Amazochroma gen. nov., specimens in vivo. A–D. Amazochroma carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1941) gen. et comb. nov.: A. ♂, Brazil, Amazonas. B–C. ♂, French Guiana, Maripasoula. D. ♀, French Guiana, Maripasoula. E–F. Amazochroma pedroi gen. et sp. nov. E. ♂, Brazil, Rondônia, Monte Negro. F. ♀, Brazil, Rondônia, Porto Velho. Images courtesy of Glauco Machado (A), Sébastien Cally (B–D) and Pedro Martins (E–F).

Fig. 2 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 2. Northern Brazil and Guyanas, showing distribution of the species of Amazochroma gen. nov. Shaded areas in the background are WWF biomes, green are moist broadleaf forests and orange are grasslands, savannas and shrublands.