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20 results for “Divorce”
Data, analytical, and plotting codes needed to reproduce meta-analyses on within-season divorce in birds
<p>This data package contains data (effect sizes and other variables) and analytical codes needed to reproduce three meta-analyses on within-season divorce and breeding success in socially monogamous birds (Culina & Brouwer: No evidence of immediate fitness benefits of within-season divorce in monogamous birds. 2022. Biology Letters.) It also contains codes to reproduce Figures from the main text and from the Supplement. Readme file and Licence are provided too.</p>
Divorce rate in birds increases with male promiscuity and migration distance
<p>Socially monogamous birds may break up their partnership by a so-called 'divorce' behaviour. Divorce rate immensely varies across avian taxa that have a predominantly monogamous social mating system. Although a range of factors associated with divorce have been tested, broad-scale drivers of divorce rate remain contentious. Moreover, the impact of sexual roles in divorce still needs further investigation due to the conflicting interest of males and females. Here we applied phylogenetic comparative methods to analyse one of the largest datasets ever compiled that included divorce rates from published studies of 186 avian species from 25 orders and 61 families. We tested correlations between divorce rate and a group of factors: 'promiscuity' of both sexes (propensity of polygamy), migration distance, and adult mortality. Our results showed that only male promiscuity, but not female promiscuity, had a positive relationship with divorce rate. Furthermore, migration distance was positively correlated with divorce rate, while adult mortality rate showed no direct relationship with divorce rate. These findings indicated that divorce might not be a simple adaptive (by sexual selection) or non-adaptive strategy (by accidental loss of a partner), but could be a mixed response to sexual conflict and stress from the ambient environment.</p>
Data, analytical, and plotting codes needed to reproduce meta-analyses on within-season divorce in birds
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Divorce rate in birds increases with male promiscuity and migration distance
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Divorce and extra-pair paternity in the Lundy house sparrows
<p>The question of why socially monogamous females engage in extra-pair behaviour is long-standing in evolutionary biology. Due to a lack of empirical support among passerine birds, recent work has moved away from the indirect-benefits hypothesis to explain extra-pair mating behaviour by females, instead favouring the hypothesis that this is the result of a pleiotropic effect. That is, <span>a trait under strong positive selection in either or both sexes are genetically linked with another, potentially unrelated, trait. For example, genes beneficial to female fecundity (that promote within-pair solicitation of mating from a male partner) might also lead to extra-pair behaviour (by also promoting solicited copulations from extra-pair males). </span>Here, we test two predictions from this hypothesis: We test the prediction that female divorce, measured as the number of social mates within a given year, is linked with (1) the number of extra-pair males engaged by the female and (2) the proportion of the female's offspring that are extra-pair. Our results show that females who divorce their social partner are more likely to produce extra-pair offspring than those who maintain social monogamy, supporting the pleiotropy hypothesis. However, those females did not also have a higher proportion of extra-pair offspring. The number of broods initiated was also positively correlated with the number of extra-pair males that sired a female's offspring, probably through increased opportunity for extra-pair males to sire offspring over a longer breeding season. Our results support the intrasexual pleiotropy hypothesis as a driver of female extra-pair behaviour.</p>
Divorce and extra-pair paternity in the Lundy house sparrows
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Fitness consequences of divorce in the azure-winged magpie depends on the breeding experience of a new mate
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Timing and social dynamics of divorce in wild great tits: A phenomenological approach
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Data from: Incest avoidance, extrapair paternity, and territory quality drive divorce in a year-round territorial bird.
Divorce can be an important behavioral strategy to improve fitness. This is particularly relevant for species that are territorial year-round with continuous partnerships, where individuals face constraints on partner choice due to limited vacancies and dispersal opportunities. We tested several hypotheses for divorce in such a species, the cooperatively breeding bird Malurus coronatus. Based on 9 years of detailed information on dispersal and survival of 317 breeding pairs, we tested whether divorce is driven by inbreeding avoidance, by a better partner or territory, or by social variables (number of subordinates and fidelity of partners). We found that divorce is important to escape incest: incestuous pairs were substantially more likely to divorce (64%) than non-incestuous pairs (14%). However, incestuous pair bonds lasted up to a year, highlighting constraints on breeder dispersal. Non-incestuous pairs also divorced, but here the only predictor for divorce was the presence of extrapair offspring in a previous brood. Although reproductive failure did not trigger divorce, and reproductive success did not improve in the year following divorce, females that dispersed after divorce obtained higher quality territories, unlike females that dispersed after their partner died. Thus, divorce may be a strategy to improve long-term benefits associated with better territories. Some divorces appeared to be forced evictions by older females, although direct evidence for this is limited. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the complexity of factors that affect the occurrence of divorce when partner choice is constrained.
15 Year Follow-up of New Beginnings Program for Divorced Families
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01407120. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
SES Children (SES Mini/SES Nxt) - A Digital Intervention for Children of Divorce
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05760820. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Internet-based Self-help After Spousal Bereavement or Divorce
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02900534. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Incest avoidance, extrapair paternity, and territory quality drive divorce in a year-round territorial bird.
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Data from: Carry-over effects of the social environment on future divorce probability in a wild bird population
Initial mate choice and re-mating strategies (infidelity and divorce) influence individual fitness. Both of these should be influenced by the social environment, which determines the number and availability of potential partners. While most studies looking at this relationship take a population-level approach, individual-level responses to variation in the social environment remain largely unexplored. Here, we explore carry-over effects on future mating decisions of the social environment in which the initial mating decision occurred,. Using detailed data on the winter social networks of great tits we tested whether the probability of subsequent divorce, a year later, could be predicted by measures of the social environment at the time of pairing. We found that males that had a lower proportion of female associates, and whose partner ranked lower amongst these, as well as inexperienced breeders, were more likely to divorce after breeding. We found no evidence that a female's social environment influenced the probability of divorce. Our findings highlight the importance of the social environment that individuals experience during initial pair formation on later pairing outcomes, and demonstrate that such effects can be delayed. Exploring these extended effects of the social environment can give valuable insights into processes and selective pressures acting upon the mating strategies that individuals adopt.
MARRIAGE READINESS LEVEL OF STUDENTS AS A DIVORCE PREVENTION
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Divorce in Northern Flickers
<p>Divorce is widespread among species of birds and may either be an adaptive strategy to secure a better mate or territory or be a non-adaptive result of a failure to maintain the pairbond. I examined the causes and consequences for divorce in the Norther Flicker (<i>Colaptes auratus</i>), a migratory woodpecker with a high annual mortality rate. In a long-term population study of 1793 breeding pairs over 17 years, the within-season divorce rate was 4.6% and the between-season divorce rate was 15.5%. Retained pairs within a season initiated their renest 5 days faster than divorced birds which had no greater fledgling production, suggesting that within-season divorce was making the best of a bad job with severe time constraints. Poor performance in the year prior to divorce was not strongly associated with divorce and analysis of multiple breeding stages revealed that divorcing individuals in the subsequent year had later laying dates, smaller clutches and fewer fledglings than retained pairs but no better performance than widowed individuals. Analyzing the data separately by sex showed that neither males nor females benefitted from divorce. Thus, there is a reproductive cost linked to finding a new partner <i>per se</i>, but no reproductive advantage associated with divorce. New mates after divorce were usually not older (not higher quality) than previous mates, so intrasexual competition was probably not driving partnership splits. The most plausible explanation seems to be a "bet-hedging" hypothesis in which birds re-pair rapidly in spring if their previous mate does not quickly arrive during spring migration. Divorce in Northern Flickers does not appear to be adaptive and future studies on arrival and interactions of individuals in spring will elucidate proximate constraints on relocating the previous partner.</p>
An Internet Based Adaptation of a Divorce Intervention Beginnings Program for Divorced Parents
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05209932. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Divorce in Northern Flickers
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Data from: Carry-over effects of the social environment on future divorce probability in a wild bird population
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Divorce Adjustment Program for Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06082089. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
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