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34 results for “Douglas-fir”
Age structure, developmental pathways, and fire regime characterization of Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests in the central western Cascades of Oregon
These data are the raw forest stand- and age-structure data from 124 stands in the central western Cascades of Oregon used to construct a conceptual model of stand development under the mixed-severity fire regime that has operated extensively in this region.
Genetic architecture of disease resistance and tolerance in Douglas-fir trees
<p><span>Understanding the genetic architecture of tolerance and resistance to pathogens is important to monitor and maintain resilient tree populations. Here we investigate the genetic basis of tolerance and resistance to needle cast disease in Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>) caused by two fungal pathogens: Swiss needle cast (SNC) caused by <em>Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii</em>, and Rhabdocline needle cast (RNC) caused by <em>Rhabdocline pseudotsugae</em>). We performed a case-control genome-wide association analysis (GWA) and found these traits to be polygenic and under selection.</span> <span>We showed that stomatal regulation as well as ethylene and jasmonic acid pathways are important for resisting SNC infection and secondary metabolite pathways play a role in tolerating SNC once the plant is infected. We identified a key upstream transcription factor of plant defence, ERF1, as the main candidate for RNC resistance. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the highly polygenic architectures underlying disease resistance and tolerance in Douglas-fir and have important implications for forestry and conservation as the climate changes.</span></p>
Data from: Interannual radial growth response of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) to severe droughts: an analysis along a gradient of soil properties and rooting characteristics
<p>Dataset related to the publication: „Interannual radial growth response of Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em> (Mirb.) Franco) to severe droughts: an analysis along a gradient of soil properties and rooting characteristics”</p> <p>Information on the data and the tree species_site_key used can be found in the attached Read me file.</p>
Supplementary material for Dynamics of rare earth elements and associated major and trace elements during Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) litter degradation
<p>Database and figures related to the results that are presented in the manusciript Montemagno et al. that will be submitted as research paper in the journal Copernicus/Biogeosciences.</p> <p>Title of the submission: Dynamics of Rare Earth Elements and associated major cations during Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) litter degradation.</p> <p>Authorship: </p> <p>Alessandro Montemagno<sup>1,3</sup>, Christophe Hissler<sup>1</sup>, Johanna Ziebel<sup>2</sup>, Victor Bense<sup>3</sup>, Laurent Pfister<sup>1</sup>, Adriaan J. Teuling<sup>3</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>CATchment and ecohydrology research group (CAT/ENVISION/ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, 4408, Luxembourg</p> <p><sup>2</sup>Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP/ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, 4408, Luxembourg</p> <p><sup>3</sup>Department of Environmental Sciences, subdivision Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management (HWQM), Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands</p> <p><em>Correspondence: </em>Alessandro Montemagno (<a href="mailto:alessandro.montemagno@list.lu">alessandro.montemagno@list.lu</a>), Christophe Hissler (<a href="mailto:christophe.hissler@list.lu">christophe.hissler@list.lu</a>)</p>
Genetic architecture of disease resistance and tolerance in Douglas-fir trees
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Experimentally evaluating effects of postfire drought on establishment, growth and survival of two widespread western conifer species; lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir
This research seeks to understand how drought following wildfires affects the establishment of two widespread Rocky Mountain tree species, lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir. In Yellowstone National Park, warming, drying conditions are leading to increased frequency of severe wildfires that kill existing trees and trigger regeneration of the forest. These trends are expected to continue. Many tree species in Yellowstone are well adapted to fire. Yet, early and abundant seedling establishment after fire is critical for forests to recover. Tree seedlings are particularly sensitive to drought, and evidence suggests that sufficiently dry postfire conditions could cause widespread tree-seedling mortality, with ecological consequences that may last decades. This research will determine how seedlings from two tree species respond to drought conditions expected in the mid-21st century and will identify the physiological mechanisms that drive seedling response to dry conditions. The results of this study will advance understanding of how forests in the western United States will respond to environmental change over coming decades and provide useful information for western land managers who are grappling with increased wildfires.
Experimentally evaluating effects of postfire drought on establishment, growth and survival of two widespread western conifer species; lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir (greenhouse portion of experiment)
This research seeks to understand how drought following wildfires affects the establishment of two widespread Rocky Mountain tree species, lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir. In Yellowstone National Park, warming, drying conditions are leading to increased frequency of severe wildfires that kill existing trees and trigger regeneration of the forest. These trends are expected to continue. Many tree species in Yellowstone are well adapted to fire. Yet, early and abundant seedling establishment after fire is critical for forests to recover. Tree seedlings are particularly sensitive to drought, and evidence suggests that sufficiently dry postfire conditions could cause widespread tree-seedling mortality, with ecological consequences that may last decades. This research will determine how seedlings from two tree species respond to drought conditions expected in the mid-21st century and will identify the physiological mechanisms that drive seedling response to dry conditions. The results of this study will advance understanding of how forests in the western United States will respond to environmental change over coming decades and provide useful information for western land managers who are grappling with increased wildfires.
Soil Moisture and vegetation cover patterns after logging and burning an old-growth Douglas-fir forest in the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1960-1983
This soil moisture study was initiated in 1960 to investigate the effects of patch clearcut logging and slash burning (1962-63) in an old-growth Douglas-fir forest in the Oregon Cascade Range. Since soil moisture and vegetation sampling continued regularly until 1980, this is a unique data set that represents nearly two decades of post-treatment information. Plant cover exerts a profound influence on soil moisture levels through its effects on interception, infiltration, evaporation, and transpiration. In the Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest, clearcut logging and slash burning are common practices that can dramatically alter plant cover and soil moisture. Logging can increase soil moisture by temporarily reducing cover and associated water use, and burning may further augment soil moisture levels by suppressing the survival and regrowth of vegetation. Indeed, part of the rationale for slash burning in the region is to control shrubs and other vegetation that would otherwise compete with conifer seedlings for available moisture, light, and nutrients. Within a few years after burning, however, invading vegetation may deplete soil moisture to levels comparable to forested areas. Such observations point to the value of long-term information to better understand dynamic soil moisture and plant cover responses to forest practices.
Comparisons among five canopy-cover estimating methods in five Douglas-fir/western hemlock structure types in the western Oregon Cascades
Estimates of forest canopy cover are widely used in forest research and management, yet methods used to quantify canopy cover and the estimates they provide vary greatly. Four ground-based techniques for estimating overstory cover -line- intercept, spherical densiometer, moosehorn, and hemispherical photography-and cover estimates generated using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) were compared in five Douglas- fir/western hemlock structure types in western Oregon. Differences in cover estimates among the ground-based methods did not depend on the structure type in which they were measured (p=0.33). As expected, estimates of cover increased and within-stand variability decreased with increasing angle of view among techniques. However, the moosehorn provided the most conservative estimates of vertical-projection overstory cover. The FVS-generated cover was consistently lower (by up to 44%, 17% on average) than the ground-based estimates and is not advised as a substitute for ground-based measures in these forest types. Regression equations are provided to allow conversion among canopy cover estimates developed with the four ground-based methods.
Data from: Do impacts of an invasive nitrogen-fixing shrub on Douglas-fir and its ectomycorrhizal mutualism change over time following invasion?
1. Impacts of invasive species may change in magnitude and even direction with invasion age. Impacts could increase as the population increases, individuals grow in size, and ecological changes accumulate. 2. We used a chronosequence approach to characterize the development of soil impacts over time following the invasion of Cytisus scoparius, a widespread nitrogen-fixing shrub thought to limit reforestation success. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated how abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi, Douglas-fir performance, and leaf nitrogen changed across a 3-31 year chronosequence of invasion. Each of the chronosequence sites were clearcuts where reforestation efforts were unsuccessful and where C. scoparius invaded. To estimate the contributions of the invasion separately from contributions of the accompanying disturbance, i.e. deforestation, we included soils from both invaded and uninvaded patches in each site of the chronosequence. In a complementary soil conditioning experiment, we examined the separate effects of host absence and invader presence on the mycorrhizal mutualism, leaf nitrogen, and seedling growth. 3. Ectomycorrhizal colonization was lower in invaded soil, but this effect did not intensify with time. Despite the suppression of the mutualism, Douglas-fir grew larger in invaded soils. This positive response is likely due to nitrogen fertilization, a conclusion supported by higher concentrations of leaf nitrogen of Douglas-fir grown in invaded soils. While leaf N concentration increased with invasion duration, Douglas-fir survival and growth did not. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that soil impacts of an invader can develop rapidly and can be surprisingly stable over time. In such systems, recently invaded areas may be as difficult to restore as long invaded areas, especially where ectomycorrhizal fungi are important drivers of reforestation success. More chronosequence studies or long time series are needed to evaluate whether this is a general pattern.
Supplementary Material Douglas-fir data
<p>Supplementary information of the three Douglas-fir trials, family numbers, and pedigree data including identity information of trees, fathers, and mothers of the paper entitled: <strong>Identification and joint modeling of competition effects and environmental heterogeneity in three Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em> var. <em>menziesii</em>) trials.</strong></p>
Data from: North American Douglas-fir (P. menziesii) in Europe: establishment and reproduction within new geographic space without consequences for its genetic diversity
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Douglas-fir ring width data for reconstructing past periods of western spruce budworm outbreak
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Data from: Do impacts of an invasive nitrogen-fixing shrub on Douglas-fir and its ectomycorrhizal mutualism change over time following invasion?
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Data from: Genomic prediction accuracies in space and time for height and wood density of Douglas-fir using exome capture as the genotyping platform
Background Genomic selection (GS) can offer unprecedented gains, in terms of cost efficiency and generation turnover, to forest tree selective breeding; especially for late expressing and low heritability traits. Here, we used: 1) exome capture as a genotyping platform for 1372 Douglas-fir trees representing 37 full-sib families growing on three sites in British Columbia, Canada and 2) height growth and wood density (EBVs), and deregressed estimated breeding values (DEBVs) as phenotypes. Representing models with (EBVs) and without (DEBVs) pedigree structure. Ridge regression best linear unbiased predictor (RR-BLUP) and generalized ridge regression (GRR) were used to assess their predictive accuracies over space (within site, cross-sites, multi-site, and multi-site to single site) and time (age-age/ trait-trait). Results The RR-BLUP and GRR models produced similar predictive accuracies across the studied traits. Within-site GS prediction accuracies with models trained on EBVs were high (RR-BLUP: 0.79–0.91 and GRR: 0.80–0.91), and were generally similar to the multi-site (RR-BLUP: 0.83–0.91, GRR: 0.83–0.91) and multi-site to single-site predictive accuracies (RR-BLUP: 0.79–0.92, GRR: 0.79–0.92). Cross-site predictions were surprisingly high, with predictive accuracies within a similar range (RR-BLUP: 0.79–0.92, GRR: 0.78–0.91). Height at 12 years was deemed the earliest acceptable age at which accurate predictions can be made concerning future height (age-age) and wood density (trait-trait). Using DEBVs reduced the accuracies of all cross-validation procedures dramatically, indicating that the models were tracking pedigree (family means), rather than marker-QTL LD. Conclusions While GS models' prediction accuracies were high, the main driving force was the pedigree tracking rather than LD. It is likely that many more markers are needed to increase the chance of capturing the LD between causal genes and markers.
Data from: Impacts of growing-season climate on tree growth and post-fire regeneration in ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests
We studied the impacts of climate variability on low-elevation forests in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains by quantifying how post-fire tree regeneration and radial growth varied with growing-season climate. We reconstructed post-fire regeneration and radial growth rates of Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii at 33 sites that burned between 1992 and 2007, by aging seedlings at the root-shoot boundary. We also measured radial growth in adult trees from 12 additional sites that burned between 1900 and 1990. To quantify the relationship between climate and regeneration, we characterized seasonal climate before, during, and after recruitment pulses using superposed epoch analysis. To quantify growth sensitivity to climate, we performed moving regression analysis for each species and for juvenile and adult life stages. Climatic conditions favoring regeneration and tree growth differed between species. Water deficit and temperature were significantly lower than average during recruitment pulses of ponderosa pine, suggesting that germination-year climate limits regeneration. Growing degree days were significantly higher than average during years with Douglas-fir recruitment pulses, but water deficit was significantly lower one year following pulses, suggesting moisture sensitivity in two-year-old seedlings. Growth was also sensitive to water deficit, but effects varied between life stages, species, and through time, with juvenile ponderosa pine growth more sensitive to climate than adult growth and juvenile Douglas-fir growth. Increasing water deficit corresponded with reduced adult growth of both species. Increases in maximum temperature and water deficit corresponded with increases in juvenile growth of both species in the early 20th century but strong reductions in growth for juvenile ponderosa pine in recent decades. Changing sensitivity of growth to climate suggests that increased temperature and water deficit may be pushing these species towards the edge of their climatic tolerances. Our study demonstrates increased vulnerability of dry mixed-conifer forests to post-fire regeneration failures and decreased growth as temperatures and drought increase. Shifts towards unfavorable conditions for regeneration and juvenile growth may alter the composition and resilience of low-elevation forests to future climate and fire activity.
Data from: Genomic selection of juvenile height across a single generational gap in Douglas-fir
Here we perform cross-generational GS analysis on coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), reflecting trans-generational selective breeding application. 1,321 trees, representing 37 full-sib F1 families from 3 environments in British Columbia, Canada, were used as the training population for 1) EBVs (estimated breeding values) of juvenile height (HTJ) in the F1 generation predicting genomic EBVs of HTJ of 136 individuals in the F2 generation, 2) deregressed EBVs of F1 HTJ predicting deregressed genomic EBVs of F2 HTJ, 3) F1 mature height (HT35) predicting HTJ EBVs in F2, and 4) deregressed F1 HT35 predicting genomic deregressed HTJ EBVs in F2. Ridge regression best linear unbiased predictor (RR-BLUP), generalized ridge regression (GRR), and Bayes-B GS methods were used and compared to pedigree-based (ABLUP) predictions. GS accuracies for scenarios 1 (0.92, 0.91, and 0.91) and 3 (0.57, 0.56, and 0.58) were similar to their ABLUP counterparts (0.92 and 0.60 respectively) (using RR-BLUP, GRR, and Bayes-B). Results using deregressed values fell dramatically for both scenarios 2 and 4 which approached zero in many cases. Cross-generational GS validation of juvenile height in Douglas-fir produced predictive accuracies almost as high as that of ABLUP. Without capturing LD, GS cannot surpass the prediction of ABLUP. Here we tracked pedigree relatedness between training and validation sets. More markers or improved distribution of markers are required to capture LD in Douglas-fir. This is essential for accurate forward selection among siblings as markers that track pedigree are of little use for forward selection of individuals within controlled pollinated families.
Woodland wildfire enables fungal colonization of encroaching Douglas-fir
<ol> <li><span>Self-reinforcing differences in fire frequency help closed-canopy forests, which resist fire, and open woodlands, which naturally burn often, to co-occur stably at landscape scales. Forest tree seedlings, which could otherwise encroach and overgrow woodlands, are killed by regular fire, yet fire has other effects that may also influence these feedbacks. In particular, many forest trees require symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in order to establish. By restructuring soil fungal communities, fire might affect the availability of symbionts or the potential for symbiont sharing between encroaching trees and woodland vegetation.</span></li> <li><span>To investigate this possibility, we performed a soil bioassay experiment using inoculum from burned and unburned oak woodlands and Douglas-fir forests. We examined how fire, ecosystem type, and neighboring heterospecific seedlings affect fungal root community assembly of Douglas-firs and oaks. We asked whether heterospecific seedlings facilitated fungal colonization of seedling roots in non-native soil, and if so, whether fire influenced this interaction.</span></li> <li><span>External fungal colonization of oak roots was more influenced by fire and ecosystem type than by the presence of a Douglas-fir, and oaks increased the likelihood that Douglas-fir roots would be colonized by fungi in oak woodland soil. Yet fire increased colonization of Douglas-fir in oak soil, diminishing the otherwise crucial role played by oak facilitation. Fire also strengthened the positive effect of Douglas-firs on oak root-associated fungal diversity in Douglas-fir forest soil.</span></li> <li><span>Prior work shows that fire supports woodland ecosystems by stemming recruitment of encroaching seedlings. Here, we find evidence that it may contrastingly reduce fungal limitation of invasive seedling growth and establishment, otherwise relieved only by facilitation. Future work can investigate how these opposing effects might contribute to the net impact of changes in fire regime on landcover stability.</span></li> </ol>
Data from: Targeted re-sequencing of five Douglas-fir provenances reveals population structure and putative target genes of positive selection
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Data from: Genomic selection of juvenile height across a single generational gap in Douglas-fir
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