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Fig. 7 in First palaeoscolecid from the Cambrian (Drumian, Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of western Utah, USA

Fig. 7. Palaeogeographic distribution of Cambrian palaeoscolecids in Laurentia. For each occurrence, the numbers in parentheses refer to the number of palaeoscolecid specimens known (left) and the number of species they represent (right). The Rosella Formation Lagerstätte is positioned between the Lagerstätten of the American Great Basin and those of the Canadian Rockies, because the Cassiar terrane was located near present-day Idaho in the Cambrian, and subsequently migrated more than 2000 km to the North (Pope and Sears 1997). Abbreviations: Fm., Formation; Sh., Shale. Background map adapted from Cocks and Torsvik (2011).

Fig. 5 in First palaeoscolecid from the Cambrian (Drumian, Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of western Utah, USA

Fig. 5. Scleritome of the palaeoscolecid Arrakiscolex aasei gen et sp. nov. from the Drumian, Cambrian Marjum Formation in the House Range of Utah, USA (Grey Marjum locality). A. SEM micrographs of paratype (KUMIP 314101). A1, dense and homogeneous distribution of the plates on the surfaces of annuli; A2, interannular region showing alternation between plate-free areas and plate-covered areas ("columns"; arrowheads). B. SEM micrographs of holotype (KUMIP 314100). B1, homogeneous distribution of the plates; B2, single plate, showing the swollen inner region surrounded by a raised marginal rim.

Fig. 3 in First palaeoscolecid from the Cambrian (Drumian, Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of western Utah, USA

Fig. 3. SEM micrograph and SEM-EDS elemental maps of the posterior region of KUMIP 204770 (Ottoia? sp.), from the Drumian, Cambrian Marjum Formation in the House Range of Utah, USA (Sponge Gully locality). A1, SEM micrograph of the analyzed area (posterior trunk region); A2–A6, SEM-EDS elemental maps of P, Ca, C, Fe, and Mg, respectively.

Fig. 4 in First palaeoscolecid from the Cambrian (Drumian, Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of western Utah, USA

Fig. 4. Palaeoscolecid Arrakiscolex aasei gen et sp. nov. from the Drumian, Cambrian Marjum Formation in the House Range of Utah, USA (Grey Marjum locality). A. Holotype (KUMIP 314100). A1, general view of counterpart with location of close-up; A2, detailed view of trunk annulation; A3, general view of part. B. Paratype (KUMIP 314101), general view, showing trunk annulation and location of SEM micrograph in Fig. 5A1 (dashed line rectangle, arrowheads point to the limits of poorly preserved part of the fossil).

Fig. 2 in First palaeoscolecid from the Cambrian (Drumian, Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of western Utah, USA

Fig. 2. Ottoid scalidophoran Ottoia? sp. (KUMIP 204770) from the Drumian, Cambrian Marjum Formation in the House Range of Utah, USA (Sponge Gully locality). A1, general view showing body orientation and location of close-ups; A2, detailed view of anterior region, showing the partially everted introvert and digestive tract; A3, detailed view of posterior region, showing location of possible bases of caudal hooks; A4, SEM micrograph showing trunk annulation, arrowheads point to fossil margins; A5, SEM micrograph of anterior region, showing introvert and a few introvert hooks, arrowheads point to fossil margins; A6, SEM micrograph of introvert hooks.

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Text-fig. 2. Condylopyge cf. rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, latest Cambrian Stage 5 and lower Drumian, Jince Formation, Příbram-Jince Basin. a. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 17), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. b. latex cast of external mould of isolated pygidium (Specimen CGS FK 63), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. c. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 18), foot of the slope known as Vinice near Jince (locality 20 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Onymagnostus hybridus Zone. Condylopyge rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, lower Drumian, Buchava Formation, Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone, Skryje-Týřovice Basin. d. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43011a), Karáskovská rokle - nad chatami. e. internal mould of isolated pygidium (NM-L43014), Lůmek u Týřovic. f. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43013), Lůmek u Týřovic. Whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. All scale bars are 1 mm. Photographs by Martin Valent (National Museum Prague). in Condylopyge Hawle Et Corda, 1847 In The Příbram-Jince Basin (Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic, Agnostida)

Text-fig. 2. Condylopyge cf. rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, latest Cambrian Stage 5 and lower Drumian, Jince Formation, Příbram-Jince Basin. a. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 17), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. b. latex cast of external mould of isolated pygidium (Specimen CGS FK 63), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. c. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 18), foot of the slope known as Vinice near Jince (locality 20 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Onymagnostus hybridus Zone. Condylopyge rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, lower Drumian, Buchava Formation, Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone, Skryje-Týřovice Basin. d. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43011a), Karáskovská rokle - nad chatami. e. internal mould of isolated pygidium (NM-L43014), Lůmek u Týřovic. f. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43013), Lůmek u Týřovic. Whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. All scale bars are 1 mm. Photographs by Martin Valent (National Museum Prague).

Fig. 5 in Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris

Fig. 5. Radiodontan euarthropod Stanleycaris hirpex Caron, Gaines, Mángano, Streng, and Daley, 2010 from the Stephen Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), British Columbia, Canada. A. ROM 59975 (paratype). B. ROM 59976 (paratype). Abbreviation: Pn, podomere n.

Fig. 4. Lobopodian Aysheaia pedunculata Walcott, 1911, USNM 365608 in Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris

Fig. 4. Lobopodian Aysheaia pedunculata Walcott, 1911, USNM 365608 from the Stephen Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), British Columbia, Canada; in cross-polarized light (A), cross-polarized light, red and yellow channels reduced (B).

Fig. 3 in Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris

Fig. 3. Comparison between terminal spines and vetral blades of Stanleycaris and oral papillae and lobopodous limbs of Aysheaia. A. Stanleycaris sp., KUMIP 153923 from the Wheeler Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Drumian), Utah, USA; anterior end showing recurved terminal spines (A1), ventral blade (A2). B. Aysheaia pedunculata Walcott, 1911, USNM 189199 from the Stephen Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), British Columbia, Canada; anterior end showing anterior appendages and oral papillae. C, D. Stanleycaris hirpex Caron, Gaines, Mángano, Streng, and Daley, 2010 from the Stephen Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), British Columbia, Canada. C. ROM 59975 (paratype), ventral blade. D. USNM 83942, trunk section and lobopods. Abbreviation: Pn, podomere n.

Fig. 1. A in Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris

Fig. 1. A. Radiodontan euarthropod Stanleycaris sp., KUMIP 153923 from the Wheeler Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Drumian), Utah, USA; non-polarized light (A1), cross-polarized light, red and yellow channels reduced (A2), cross polarized light (A3), cross-polarized light, red and yellow channels enhanced (A4). B. Stanleycaris hirpex Caron, Gaines, Mángano, Streng, and Daley, 2010, ROM 59944 (holotype) from the Stephen Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), British Columbia, Canada; cross-polarized light (B1), black and white (B2). dorsal spines the anterior end, as also observed in in Stanleycaris hirpex (compare Fig. 3A2 and 3C). The ventral blades lack compaction wrinkles often preserved on limbs of A. pedunculata P1 P7 P11 P4 (Figs. 3D, 4; Ma et al. 2014: fig. 5B). The terminal spines at the anterior end of the specimen are short, recurved, and terminal P1 spines have a sharp termination. This morphology is similar to that of the spines in S. hirpex, and quite unlike the straight and sediment less robust oral papillae of A. pedunculata (compare Fig. 3A1 layer auxiliary spines and 3B). It should be noted that Robison (1985) studied the 5 mm ventral blades specimen before the extent of radiodontan frontal appendage Fig. 2. Explanatory drawing of radiodontan euarthropod Stanleycaris morphological diversity was known (e.g., Daley and Budd sp., KUMIP 153923 from the Wheeler Formation (Cambrian Series 3, 2010; Caron et al. 2010), and so lacked the appropriate con- Drumian), Utah, USA. Hachure direction indicates lower sediment level. text for correctly interpreting KUMIP 153923. Dotted lines indicate expected path of incomplete ventral blades.

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Figure 3 in First record of the chancelloriid Allonnia from the middle Cambrian Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Miaolingian) of western Utah

Figure 3. Details of Allonnia cf. Al. tintinopsis, FHPR 11423, from the Wheeler Formation of western Utah. A) SEM image of several sclerites, showing abapical and adapical horizontal rays and absence of central or principal rays, confirming 3+0 arrangement. B) SEM image of sclerite central in A, showing apparent articulatory facets on a displaced adapical horizontal ray between abapical horizontal rays of presumably the same sclerite. C) SEM image of oval-shaped area of high carbon content (dark gray to black) near transition between orange and dark gray preservation areas of the scleritome. D) SEM image of more apically-placed dark gray preservation area of scleritome showing apparent very elongate rays but relatively low elemental contrast between the fossil and matrix. E) SEM image of the basal part of the scleritome showing very elongate sclerite rays preserved as impressions in the matrix rather than by elemental contrast. F) View of scleritome with areas of details A–E indicated. Scale bar = 5 mm. Scale bars for A–E in each image. Abbreviations: abhr, abapical horizontal ray; adhr, adapical horizontal ray; af, articulatory facet; er, very elongate ray.

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Figure 1 in First record of the chancelloriid Allonnia from the middle Cambrian Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Miaolingian) of western Utah

Figure 1. Location of the Red Wheeler locality (RAR 116, pink pin) in Utah's West Desert, west of Delta, Utah (A); within Utah (B); and in the western United States (C). All base maps from Google Earth, Map data ©2022 Google). Scales marked in lower left in A and B.

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Figure 2 in First record of the chancelloriid Allonnia from the middle Cambrian Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Miaolingian) of western Utah

Figure 2. Allonnia cf. Al. tintinopsis, FHPR 11423, from the Wheeler Formation of western Utah. A) Scleritome with detail views in B, C, and D marked with white boxes, showing different preservational areas. Scale = 5 mm. B) Color detail of sclerites from middle of scleritome. Scale = 1 mm. C) SEM view showing contrast between matrix (dark gray) and high-iron sclerites (light). Scale = 1 mm. D) SEM view of basal area of scleritome showing multiple elongate sclerite rays. Scale = 1 mm.

FIG. 9 in Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada

FIG. 9. — Bailiella tenuicincta (Linnarsson, 1879): A, internal cast of a cranidium, scattered granules and occipital node preserved (NFM F-2972 from 8.52 m); B, internal cast of a cranidium, scattered granules and occipital node preserved, partly covered with sediment (NFM F-3200 from 8.52 m). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 17 in Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada

FIG. 17. — Acontheus inarmatus Hutchinson, 1962: A, internal cast of a cranidium, faint glabellar furrows preserved, slightly punctuated ornamentation (NFM F-3143 from 16.67 m); B, internal cast of a cranidium, occipital node preserved (NFM F-3211 from 15.63 m); C, internal cast of a cranidium, occipital node preserved (NFM F-3701 from 15.68 m); D, internal cast of a cranidium, slightly punctuated ornamentation (NFM F-3150 from 16.67 m); E, internal cast of a cranidium (NFM F-3167 from 16.67 m); F, internal cast of a cranidium, glabellar furrows on left side of glabella slightly visible (NFM F-3659 from 16.67 m). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 16 in Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada

FIG. 16. — Clarella venusta (Billings, 1872): A, mould of a cranidium (NFM F-3096 from 16.25 m); B, disarticulated internal cast of a cranidium (NFM F-3548 from 16.25 m). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 12 in Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada

FIG. 12. — Paradoxides davidis Salter, 1863: A, internal cast of a cranidium, ornamentation on fixigenae preserved, occipital ring bears a node (NFM F-3842 from 11.19 m); B, mould of a cranidium, ornamentation on fixigenae and parts of doublure preserved (NFM F-3908 from 11.85 m); C, internal cast of a cranidium with doublure attached (NFM F-3663 from 12.06 m); D, internal cast of cranidium, occipital node slightly visible (NFM F-3934 from 12.08 m). Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 7 in Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada

FIG. 7. — Sao hirsuta Barrande, 1846, internal cast of a cranidium (NFM F-3420 from 15.68 m). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 13 in Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada

FIG. 13. — Plutonides hicksii (Salter, 1866b); A, B, internal cast and mould of the same specimen, occipital node visible in both (NFM F-3717 from 10.38 m); C, internal cast of a thorax attached to the pygidium, pleural spines preserved, NFM F-3299 from 5.22 m; D, internal cast of a cranidium attached to the anterior 11 thoracic segments (NFM F-3352 from 7.56 m). Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 5 in Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada

FIG. 5. — Agraulos ceticephalus (Barrande, 1846): A, internal cast of a cranidium, eye ridges present, two grooves visible (NFM F-2785 from 1.96 m); B, internal cast of a cranidium, one groove visible, occipital ring triangular in shape with projection of spine preserved (NFM F-3062 from 2.10 m); C, internal cast of a cranidium, occipital ring ending in a spine (NFM F-2841 from 2.40 m); D, internal cast of a cranidium, projection of occipital spine preserved (NFM F-2919 from 2.44 m); E, internal cast of a cranidium, eye ridges and occipital spine preserved (NFM F-2846 from 2.53 m); F, internal cast of a cranidium, eye ridges present, projection of occipital spine preserved (NFM F-3321 from 5.52 m); G, internal cast of a cranidium, eye ridges present, projection of occipital spine preserved (NFM F-2863 from 2.52 m); H, internal cast of a cranidium, two grooves visible, profile on the right shows that front is not as domed as it seems in overview (NFM F-3225 from 5.19 m). Scale bars: 1 mm.