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25 results for “Duckweed”
DNA methylation in clonal Duckweed lineages (Lemna minor L.) reflects current and historical environmental exposures.
<p>The following depository contains raw phenotypic data and intermediate DNA methylation data presented in the article <strong>"DNA methylation in clonal Duckweed lineages (<em>Lemna minor </em>L.) reflects current and historical environmental exposures.</strong>" :</p> <p><strong>1) Raw phenotypic data</strong></p> <p>- Frond_area_Phase1_Phase2 -> Frond area measured at different time points (week 1, 6, 7 and 8) during the experiment.</p> <p>- Frond_number_Phase1_Phase2 -> Frond number measured at different time points (week 1, 6, 7 and 8) during the experiment.</p> <p><strong>2) Intermediate files obtained from running the epiGBS2 pipeline. The following files are available:</strong></p> <p>- consensus_cluster.renamed.fa -> epiGBS <em>de novo </em>loci. This file consists of the <em>de novo </em>epiGBS reference sequence file obtained during the <em>de novo </em>reference creation.</p> <p>- methylation.filtMETH -> The filtered DNA methylation data. This data was obtained after filtering the raw DNA methylation data. Cytosines which had a 10X coverage or higher and which were present in 80% of all samples were kept for further analysis.</p> <p>Demultiplexed and raw data were deposited at NCBI: BioProject: <strong>PRJNA883550</strong></p>
Data from: Pace and shape of senescence in three species of duckweed
<p>Senescence is progressive bodily deterioration associated with declines in survival and fecundity in older age classes. There is great diversity in patterns of senescence across species, but these patterns can be difficult to compare formally due to variation in the absolute time scales in which species live and die: members of some species live for a matter of days, others for millennia. To address this issue, the 'pace-shape' approach was developed to decouple absolute time from analyses and instead standardize life history traits in terms of average life expectancy, facilitating intra- and interspecific comparisons. Here, we use this approach to distinguish the generic form of demographic trajectories (shape) from the time scale on which the trajectories occurred (pace) in three species of tiny, free-floating aquatic plants known as duckweeds (<em>Lemna gibba</em> L., <em>L. minor</em> L., and <em>L. turionifera</em> Landolt), which have mean lifespans of less than a month under typical lab conditions, and exhibit age-related declines in survivorship and reproduction. Using a randomized block design in which we tracked a final total of 430 individuals, we report differences in pace and shape among the three species. Specifically, the largest, least-fecund, and typically longest-lived species, <em>L. gibba</em>, tended to exhibit more rapid decreases in time-standardized survivorship and fecundity compared to the other two species. This study emphasizes variation in aging patterns that can be found among plant species, including those in the same genus, and provides further validation for the utility of applying the pace and shape approach in interspecific comparisons.</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: IBBA Duckweed Dataset (DUCKWEED-01).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "IBBA Duckweed Dataset (DUCKWEED-01)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/f78f74bb-3632-493a-a866-5a111ac7ac7a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/f78f74bb-3632-493a-a866-5a111ac7ac7a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/f78f74bb-3632-493a-a866-5a111ac7ac7a">https://gbif.org/dataset/f78f74bb-3632-493a-a866-5a111ac7ac7a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data and code for "Shining a Light on Duckweed: Exploring the Effects of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on Growth and Pigmentation"
<p>Data and code for a manuscript. First release.</p>
Interactive effects of immediate and ancestral salt stress on fitness in duckweed
<p><em>Premise of Research</em></p> <p>Organisms that reproduce asexually must respond to abiotic stresses in their environment while contending with the potential disadvantage of the reduced ability for genetic variation through recombination. Common duckweed (<em>Lemna minor</em>) is an aquatic plant that reproduces predominantly asexually through the budding of ramets. As a freshwater plant, duckweed experiences stress from salt (e.g., NaCl), which detrimentally affects growth, photosynthesis, and cellular processes. We took a demographic approach to examine whether ancestral exposure to salt stress affects the ability of duckweed offspring to tolerate immediate exposure to the same stress.</p> <p><em>Methodology</em></p> <p>We placed three consecutive clonal generations of duckweed in an environment with 2 g L<sup>-1</sup> NaCl (non-lethal salt stress) or 0 g L<sup>-1</sup> NaCl (control), followed by an additional 0-3 generations in the control environment to vary the presence and schedule of ancestral stress. After these treatments, we used the offspring produced as focal plants for the experiment. Half were placed into the salt-stress environment, and half were placed in control conditions, and focal plants were tracked longitudinally.</p> <p><em>Pivotal Results</em></p> <p>Immediate stress decreased fitness, due to a slowing of reproduction, suggesting a cost of stress tolerance. The effects of ancestral stress, and the interaction of immediate and ancestral stress, were more complex. Specifically, recent ancestral stress induced plants to produce offspring more quickly, but with the potential cost of lowered offspring quality.</p> <p><em>Conclusions</em></p> <p>Our results amplify findings that responses to, and fitness consequences of, current stressors can be contingent on past exposure.</p>
Data from: A demographic assessment of the Lansing Effect in duckweed (Lemna turionifera Landolt)
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Interactive effects of immediate and ancestral salt stress on fitness in duckweed
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Data from: Pace and shape of senescence in three species of duckweed
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Data from: Latitudinal variation in norms of reaction of phenology in the greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza
<p>Variable environments may result in the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity when cues reliably indicate an appropriate phenotype-environment match. Although adaptive plasticity is well established for phenological traits expressed across environments, local differentiation in norms of reaction is less well studied. The switch from the production of regular fronds to overwintering "turions" in the greater duckweed <i>Spirodela polyrhiza</i> is vital to fitness and is expressed as a norm of reaction induced by falling temperatures associated with the onset of winter. However, the optimal norm of reaction to temperature is expected to differ across latitudes. Here, we test the hypothesis that a gradient in the length and predictability of growing seasons across latitudes results in the evolution of reaction norms characterized by earlier turion production at higher latitudes. We test this by collecting <i>S. polyrhiza</i> from replicate populations across seven latitudes from Ontario to Florida, and then assessing differentiation in thermal reaction norms of turion production along a common temperature gradient. As predicted, northern populations produce turions at lower birth order and earlier; a significant latitude-by-temperature interaction suggests that reaction norm differentiation has occurred. Our results provide evidence of differentiation in reaction norms across latitudes in a phenological trait, and we discuss how the adaptive significance of this plasticity might be further tested.</p>
Data to: The importance of ecotype diversity on duckweed growth with and without salt stress
<p>To test if ecotype diversity could increase resistance to stressful environments, I used seven <em>Lemna minor</em> populations and measured their growth rates with and without moderate salt stress across an ecotype diversity gradient.</p> <p>The <em>L. minor</em> populations were grown over five months in 92 experimental mesocosms in a glasshouse, either in ecotype monocultures or in polyculture with either one or three conspecific ecotypes (23 unique compositions). After growing the duckweed in unperturbed conditions (phase 1), the cultures were subjected to moderate salt stress (50mM NaCl) for several weeks (phase 2). The experiment was conducted in the presence of the natural epimicrobial community associated with the different ecotypes. In phase 2, a subset of these algae added an unintentional second stressor to the experiment.</p>
Data from: Latitudinal variation in norms of reaction of phenology in the greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza
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Data for: Birth order as a source of within-genotype diversification in the clonal duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza (Araceae: Lemnoideae)
<p>Organismal persistence attests to adaptive response to environmental variation. Diversification bet hedging, in which risk is reduced at the cost of expected fitness, is increasingly recognized as an adaptive response, yet mechanisms by which a single genotype generates diversification remain obscure. The clonal greater duckweed, <i>Spirodela polyrhiza </i>(L.), facultatively expresses a seed-like but vegetative form, the "turion", that allows survival through otherwise lethal conditions. Turion reactivation phenology is a key fitness component, yet little is known about turion reactivation phenology in the field, or sources of variation. Here, using floating traps deployed in the field, we find a remarkable extent of variation in natural reactivation phenology that cannot be explained solely by spring cues, occurring over a period of at least 200 days. Under controlled laboratory conditions, we find support for the hypothesis that turion phenology is influenced jointly by phenotypic plasticity to temperature and diversification within clones. Turion "birth order" consistently accounted for a difference in reactivation time of 46 days at temperatures between 10° and 18°C, with early birth-order turions reactivating more rapidly than late birth-order turions. These results should motivate future work to formally evaluate turion phenology variance as a bet-hedging trait.</p>
Data from: Among-strain consistency in the pace and shape of senescence in duckweed
1.Comparative studies have demonstrated extensive variation in age-trajectories of mortality and fecundity, both within and among species, with many taxa exhibiting a general pattern of age-related demographic decline referred to as senescence. Whereas a considerable body of theory is devoted to explaining the origin and persistence of senescence, the evolutionary forces underlying variation in demographic trajectories more generally remain poorly understood. 2.Studying variation in demographic trajectories is complicated by the fact that different species (or even different populations of a given species) may live and reproduce on different time scales, which, for comparative purposes, can make it challenging to disentangle patterns of age-related demographic change (the shape of demographic age trajectories) from the time scale on which those changes happen (the pace of demographic age trajectories). 3.Here we examine variation in the pace and shape of demographic trajectories among strains of the aquatic plant Lemna turionifera Landolt from 24 sites across Alberta, Canada. Our main objectives were to describe the shape of demographic trajectories in L. turionifera, and test for among-strain variation in pace and shape. We also tested whether potential variation in pace and shape is (i) constrained by tradeoffs with other life history traits, and (ii) consistent with local adaptation to environmental characteristics at the sites of strain origin. 4.The strains we examined were overwhelmingly subject to age-related increases in mortality and declines in fecundity, with increases in mortality tending to decelerate and plateau at advanced ages. Despite substantial among-strain variation in cumulative fecundity and plant size, measures of pace and shape did not in themselves vary significantly among strains. Both within and among strains, we observed a negative relationship between plant size and the shape of fecundity trajectories, but we found no other evidence for life history tradeoffs involving pace or shape, nor for local adaptation. 5.Synthesis. Angiosperms display remarkable demographic variation. Our results suggest that the pace and shape of demographic trajectories are highly conserved within one particular angiosperm species (L. turionifera), despite substantial among-strain variation in other life history traits.
Data from: Among-strain consistency in the pace and shape of senescence in duckweed
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Data for: Birth order as a source of within-genotype diversification in the clonal duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza (Araceae: Lemnoideae)
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Data from: A multigenerational effect of parental age on offspring size but not fitness in common duckweed (Lemna minor)
Classic theories on the evolution of senescence make the simplifying assumption that all offspring are of equal quality, so that demographic senescence only manifests through declining rates of survival or fecundity. However, there is now evidence that, in addition to declining rates of survival and fecundity, many organisms are subject to age-related declines in the quality of offspring produced (i.e. parental age effects). Recent modelling approaches allow for the incorporation of parental age effects into classic demographic analyses, assuming that such effects are limited to a single generation. Does this 'single-generation' assumption hold? To find out, we conducted a laboratory study with the aquatic plant Lemna minor, a species for which parental age effects have been demonstrated previously. We compared the size and fitness of 423 lab-cultured plants (asexually-derived ramets) representing various birth orders, and ancestral 'birth-order genealogies'. We found that offspring size and fitness both declined with increasing 'immediate' birth order (i.e. birth order with respect to the immediate parent), but only offspring size was affected by ancestral birth order. Thus, the assumption that parental age effects on offspring fitness are limited to a single generation does in fact hold for L. minor. This result will guide theorists aiming to refine and generalise modelling approaches that incorporate parental age effects into evolutionary theory on senescence.
Sdataset 1 - Duckweed inoculation photos
<p>Sdataset 1 - Duckweed inoculation photos </p>
Data from: A multigenerational effect of parental age on offspring size but not fitness in common duckweed (Lemna minor)
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Data from: Senescence in duckweed: age-related declines in survival, reproduction, and offspring quality
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Duckweed Intake Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03677583. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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