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Fig. 9 in Technological Aspects Of Keeping Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Conditions

Fig. 9. General view of the ready aquarium installation with closed water supply for keeping D. latissimus (in spring-summer operational mode) ("Latgale Zoo", Daugavpils, Latvia).

Fig. 6 in Technological Aspects Of Keeping Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Conditions

Fig. 6. Principles of water filtration and circulation in an aqua system. A- aquarium; В- sump and biological filter: 1.- Overflow pipes for drainage; 2 – initial rough cleaning filter; 3-4 further thorough cleaning filter; 5- reverse pump; 6- carbon filters; 7 - UV lamp; 8- freezer; 9- PVC pipes of water supply 10 – water rap; 11- Air pump; 12,13 – air supply sprays; 14 – drainage and reserve drainage system; 15- central water supply system regulated by a float valve.

Fig. 1 in Technological Aspects Of Keeping Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Conditions

Fig. 1. Construction process of aquarium equipment for keeping D. latissimus; a - preparing of ventilation apertures in the wall.; b - finished metal frame and central water supply; c - metal frame with styrofoam insulation.

Fig.2 in Technological Aspects Of Keeping Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Conditions

Fig.2. Scheme of aquarium installation with a closed water circulation for keeping D. latissimus (in a winter mode of activities). A – front view; B – side view. a – warm laboratory; b – cold laboratory; c – outside environment I – second storey of aqua-terrarium; II – first storey of aqua-terrarium; III – sump and biological filter. 1 – wall of a building (width 550 mm); 2 –ventilation aperture (120mm in diameter); 3 –platstic ventilation pipe (100 mm in diameter); 4 – Seasonal thermo-insulation

Fig.12 in Technological Aspects Of Keeping Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Conditions

Fig.12. Dynamics of average monthly air and Fig.13. Dinamics of average monthly water water temperatures in an equipped laboratory temperatures in a natural body of water and in relative to the outside air temperature ("Latgale a laboratory aqua system in 2010-2011. Zoo", Daugavpils, Latvia).

Fig.10 in Technological Aspects Of Keeping Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Conditions

Fig.10. Dynamics of average monthly air and Fig. 11. Dynamics of average monthly air and wa- water temperature in nature in 2010-2011 (Fish ter temperatures in a non-equipped laboratory in ponds, Rugeli (Daugavpils, Latvia) (air tempera- 2009-2010 ("Latgale Zoo", Daugavpils, Latvia). ture tºC based on www.gismeteo.ru data).

Fig. 14. D. latissimus taking food with carp fry Fig. 16 in Technological Aspects Of Keeping Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Conditions

Fig. 14. D. latissimus taking food with carp fry Fig. 16. Female of D. latissimus laying eggs. as a forage. in the laboratory is close to natural. Dissolved oxygen content indices are optimal. It allows providing normal biochemical reaction processing in the aquarium and its filter, as well as improves environmental conditions for animal life in the periods of temperature critical changes during summer and winter months.

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Fig. 7 in Habitat Distribution Of Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In The Ecosystem Of Ruģeļi Fish Ponds (Daugavpils, Latvia)

Fig. 7. Distribution of D. latissimus in the ecosystem of RuĢeļi fish ponds (Daugavpils) № 1 - 4 – inspected control sites, where № 3, 4 – water-storage basins Lielo Stropicas and Mazo Stropicas; А – findings of D. latissimus; В – breeding places of D. latissimus.

Fig 3 in Conceptual Application Of Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Dytiscidae, Coleoptera) Gathering Methods In Natural Habitat

Fig 3. The result of uncontrolled use of fishing Fig 4. First success. Alive D.latissimus males tackle by fish. Handful of dead D.latissimus and C. lateralimarginalis

Fig. 15. D. latissimus larva, Fig. 16. Dead D in Methodologicalaspects Of Study On Biologyand Development Cycles Of Dytiscus Latissimus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Environment. Spring-Summer Period

Fig. 15. D. latissimus larva, Fig. 16. Dead D.latissimus (male) died during pupation couple of hours after metamorphosis

Fig. 9. Young D in Methodologicalaspects Of Study On Biologyand Development Cycles Of Dytiscus Latissimus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Environment. Spring-Summer Period

Fig. 9. Young D.latissimus imago. Female couple of hours after metamorphosis.: A – immediately after metamorphosis, B – in 6 hours, C – in 24 hours (integuments gained their normal colour).

Fig.6. Instar II larva attacking a in Methodologicalaspects Of Study On Biologyand Development Cycles Of Dytiscus Latissimus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Environment. Spring-Summer Period

Fig.6. Instar II larva attacking a caddis larva (with Fig.7. D. latissimus instar III larva exuvium on its left)

Fig.5. D in Methodologicalaspects Of Study On Biologyand Development Cycles Of Dytiscus Latissimus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Environment. Spring-Summer Period

Fig.5. D. latissimus egg While keeping the larvae one has to also laying inside the stem of consider the fact, that these larvae have an Caltha palustris

Fig.1. Funnel trap for gathering living RESULTS AND DISCUSSION D.latissimus a in Conceptual Application Of Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Dytiscidae, Coleoptera) Gathering Methods In Natural Habitat

Fig.1. Funnel trap for gathering living RESULTS AND DISCUSSION D.latissimus a result of the individual (from Jan G.M. Cuppen and other): As many years application of the material gathering methods was 1 – float; 2- rubber; 3 – aeration net; a possibility to catch on regular and predictable 4 – entrance Ø 30 mm. basis a required number of animals for our laboratory research. itself. This can be identified from locating specific cuts on it. (Vahrusevs 2009) The key to a successful egg collection is a search of the plants used by beetles during their Below is an example from field notes of catching reproduction period, as well as the correct beetles during the autumn season: locating of clutches. Such plants in our reservoir "The research on the reservoir was done during under study are Carex acuta, Carex rostrata, 11.10.2009 - 28.10.2009. Caltha palustris. One has to identify suitable plants in the locations of beetles' clutches The weather conditions were favourable. It was (usually located on the sunny side along the quite warm and windless all this time in order to coast of a water reservoir). The person gathering work comfortably. Water temperature was +7-8 ŗ the material has to grasp with fingers the C. We worked as usual on the proven location. underwater part of the identified plant stem Coordinates in Google Earth (latitude 55 ° 52'33 reaching almost to its base, and slowly palpate it.95 "C; longitude 26 ° 35'18.78" H). by letting it through the fingers in the upwards direction. The upwards direction is imperative, We prepared the traps in advance (they had to as stems of many sedge plants have microscopic be repaired and mended, and modernized a little. thorns which are rooting upwards. If this method (Fig.2.). is not followed, an injury of a palm can occur. A stem of the plant which has protruding bumps We took along 21 trap to the water reservoir. The on it guarantees the presence of a clutch. A stem bait was pieces of beef heart. The traps were in its normal condition is usually smooth and placed along the coastline. The first "throw" was often flat. Such plants as Caltha palustris which kept in the water for almost a week with regular have fleshy stem are to be studied in addition check ups made every day or every second day. visually as eggs can be located inside the stem Traps were installed partly dipped under water.

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Abb. 1. Exemplare von Dytiscus latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 in Ist der Breitrandkäfer Dytiscus latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in der Schweiz ausgestorben?

Abb. 1. Exemplare von Dytiscus latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum Basel. (Sammlung Allenspach)

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Abb. 2 in Ist der Breitrandkäfer Dytiscus latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in der Schweiz ausgestorben?

Abb. 2. Fallenstandorte (Kreise) in den Untersuchungsgebieten von Dytiscus latissimus im Kanton Zürich: Neeracherried, Mettmenhasliseegebiet, Hänsiried und Katzenseen.

Fig. 7. First level aquarium ready for use. Fig.8 in Technological Aspects Of Keeping Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Conditions

Fig. 7. First level aquarium ready for use. Fig.8. Filtration System of the Aquarium.

Fig. 17 in Technological Aspects Of Keeping Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Conditions

Fig. 17. Laying of Dytiscus latissimus in Carex acuta and hatchling of larvae.

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Fig. 4 in Habitat Distribution Of Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In The Ecosystem Of Ruģeļi Fish Ponds (Daugavpils, Latvia)

Fig. 4. RuĢeļi fish ponds (Control site S№ 2. (april)).