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Dataset results
19 results for “Early Historic”
GT4HistOCR: Ground Truth for training OCR engines on historical documents in German Fraktur and Early Modern Latin
<p><strong>GT4HistOCR</strong> contains ground truth for research in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology applied to historical printings in German Fraktur and Early Modern Latin.</p> <p>The ground truth comes in pairs of images of single printed lines as they appear in book pages (*.png) and their corresponding diplomatic transcriptions (*.gt.txt), which are UTF-8 strings preserving the character forms (glyphs) as much as possible within the UNICODE standard. These pairs of line images and their transcriptions can be directly used to train recognition models with, e.g., the open source OCR engines <em>OCRopy</em> or <em>Tesseract</em>. A total of 313,173 ground truth lines are provided.</p> <p><strong>Please note that the subcorpora making up this collection used different transcription guidelines, so it is a bad idea to train a recognition model on the total collection! Rather train individual models for each subcorpus.</strong> Fur further information about the subcorpora, please see the README file and the accompanying publication.</p> <p>If these data are useful for you, please cite the accompanying publication:</p> <pre>@article{<a href="http://springmann.net/publications.html#springmann2018gt4hist">springmann2018gt4hist</a>, author = {Uwe Springmann and Christian Reul and Stefanie Dipper and Johannes Baiter}, title = {{Ground Truth for training {OCR} engines on historical documents in German Fraktur and Early Modern Latin}}, journal = {J. Lang. Technol. Comput. Linguistics}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {97--114}, year = {2018}, url = {https://jlcl.org/content/2-allissues/1-heft1-2018/jlcl_2018-1_5.pdf} }</pre>
Data from: Evaluating the impact of historical climate and early human groups in the Araucaria Forest of Eastern South America
<p>It has been hypothesized that the Araucaria Forest in Southern Brazil underwent expansions in the past, driven either by human groups or by climate fluctuations of the Holocene and Pleistocene. Fossil pollen records of the Paraná Pine (<em>Araucaria angustifolia</em>), a dominant tree in that forest, provide some insights into when those may have occurred. Still, the timing of those expansions has never been estimated. To infer past range shifts and shed light on their main drivers, we employed next-generation DNA sequencing (ddRADseq), machine learning, and a comprehensive database of fossil pollen records in a study of historical demographic inference and paleo-distribution modeling of the Paraná Pine. We found that <em>A. angustifolia</em> comprises two populations expanding at different times: one in the Mantiqueira mountain chain, and the other in the southern Brazilian plateau. The Southern population began to expand during the Last Glacial Period ~70kya, long before human arrival in South America. Still, genetic analyses support that humans later impacted this population, resulting in lower genetic diversity, higher inbreeding, and high levels of gene flow over large distances with a weak pattern of isolation by distance. It is possible this resulted from human influence on seed dispersal and germination on the Southern Brazilian plateau. The Mantiqueira population, in contrast, expanded only recently (~3kya). This timing coincides with Holocene climatic changes and human settlements established further south, although, to date, there is little archeological evidence of human impact in the Mantiqueira. In addition, multitemporal species distribution models built from a combination of present-day and pollen records infer range expansion of the Araucaria Forest during glacial times until the cold humid HS1 event (~16kya), when the forest was most widespread, with no evidence of glacial refugia. The combination of genomic and spatial analyses suggests that both human and climatic controls played a role in the dynamics of the Araucaria Forest.</p>
Data from: Evaluating the impact of historical climate and early human groups in the Araucaria Forest of Eastern South America
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Data from: Early colonization of New Caledonia by ultrasonic crickets from New Guinea (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Eneopterinae): Historical biogeography and description of a new genus
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Figure 3 in Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)
Figure 3. Paratypes attributed to P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977). Letters A–D denote the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 4 in Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)
Figure 4. Comparison of the neural spine morphology between Chilabothrus, Epicrates and the fossils from Thomas Farm. Only mid-precloacal vertebrae are figured here. A, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus inornatus (AMNH 70023); B, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus (AMNH 70263); C, articulated vertebrae of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); D, paratype of N. barbouri (MCZ 1978) (= Pseudoepicrates); E, paratype of P. stanolseni (MCZ 1977); F, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); G, Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003); H, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); I, Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); J, P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); and K, Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). In (A–H) lateral and (I–K) dorsal views. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 6 in Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)
Figure 6. Selected examples of the extant comparative material used in the study. A, midtrunk vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH R 77596); B, midtrunk vertebra of Chilabothrus cf C. inornatus from the Pleistocene of Cuba (AMNH 7709); C, midtrunk vertebra of 'barbouri' (previous holotype MCZ 1978); D, midtrunk vertebra of Boa constrictor (MCN.D. 344); and E, midtrunk vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002). Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in column at the lower portion of the image. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 5 in Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)
Figure 5. Paratypes previously attributed to N. barbouri (= Pseudoepicrates). Letters A–D denotes the specimens. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted above each image. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section.
Figure 10. A in Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)
Figure 10. A, calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis of Reynolds et al. (2013). Blue dot: the estimated age of divergence of the group [(Chilabothrus) + (Epicrates + Eunectes)] at ~30.0 Mya. Red dot: the estimate age for origin of the genus Chilabothrus at ~22 Mya. The dashed line shows the age of the site of Chilabothrus stanolseni comb. nov. ~18.5 Mya, marking the oldest record of the genus. B, schematic map of the early Miocene showing the biogeographical dispersion and diversification of the genus Chilabothrus. Red arrow: probable route of dispersion via Northern South America, which is here considered the most likely based on multiple lines of evidence, including genetic divergence, oceanic current patterns, incidence of vertebrates taxa and estimated dispersal time of initial dispersion ~22 Mya (Hedges, 1996, 2001; Reynolds et al., 2013). Green arrow: alternative route of dispersion to the West Indian Island complex from the Central America, estimate dispersal time of ~22 Mya (Hedges, 1996). Pink arrow: route of dispersion from North America, hypothesis based on Tolson (1987) due to the presence of Pseudoepicrates, considered unlikely here. Orange arrow: second dispersal event of Chilabothrus stanolseni comb. nov. to the North American Territory from the West Indies (estimated age of at least ~18.5 Mya). Blue arrow: dispersion throughout the West Indies' island complex, prefacing the diversification of the current extant species of the insular complex (estimated age since ~22 Mya to the Holocene). Hypothesis adapted from Reynolds et al. (2013). Paleomap reconstruction based on Scotese (2010).
Figure 9 in Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)
Figure 9. Comparison between the holotype of P. stanolseni MCZ 1977 and an anterior vertebra of B. constrictor MCN. D. 333. Note differences such as the neural spine orientation; the presence of epizygapophyseal process in B. constrictor; the zygosphene roof morphology; and the shallow posterodorsal notch of P. stanolseni. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 1 in Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)
Figure 1. Mid-precloacal vertebra of Boa constrictor (MCN.D. 344). A, showing the anatomical features and terminology adopted in the work. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. B, quantitative proportions and measurements employed in the present work. Anatomical views of the vertebra is present below each image. Scale bar: 10 mm.
Figure 2 in Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)
Figure 2. Isolated precloacal vertebrae attributed to Pseudoepicrates stanolseni. A, anterior precloacal vertebra MCZ 1977; B, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1977 (holotype) evidencing its morphological structures; C, mid-precloacal vertebra of MCZ 1978 'barbouri' material; D, schematic drawing outline of MCZ 1978 evidencing its morphological structures. Anatomical views of the vertebrae are sorted in each column. Scale bar: 5 mm. Abbreviations in the anatomical abbreviations' section.
Data from: A phylogeographic, demographic and historical analysis of the short-tailed pit viper (Gloydius brevicaudus): evidence for early divergence and late expansion during the Pleistocene
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Figure 7 in Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)
Figure 7. Close up of the zygosphene of different boine vertebrae. Note the differences between the median lobe and lateral lobe of the specimens. A, mid-precloacal vertebra of Chilabothrus angulifer (AMNH 77596); B, Chilabothrus inornatus (MCZ 2341); C, mid-precloacal vertebra of 'barbouri' (= P. stanolseni) material (MCZ 1978); D, mid-precloacal vertebra of P. stanolseni (MCZ 2417); E, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates cenchria (MCN PV DR 002); and F, mid-precloacal vertebra of Epicrates crassus (MCN PV DR 003). Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 2 mm.
Figure 8 in Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus)
Figure 8. Specimens of Thomas Farm compared with the extant Boa constrictor. Note differences concerning the zygosphene roof and the neural spine morphology. All vertebrae are in dorsal view. A, midtrunk vertebra of 'barbouri' MCZ 1978; B, midtrunk vertebra of B. constrictor MCN. D. 344; C, midtrunk vertebra of P. stanolseni MCZ 2417; D, anterior vertebra paratype of P. stanolseni MCZ 1977; E, anterior vertebra of B. constrictor; F, midtrunk paratype vertebra of P. stanolseni MCZ 1977; G, midtrunk vertebra of P. stanolseni AMNH 7627. Abbreviations are given in the relevant section. Scale bar: 5 mm.
The value of circulating microRNAs for early diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma: A case-control study on historical samples
GEO Series GSE117063. Homo sapiens. 31 samples. Type: Expression profiling by RT-PCR.
Bodhgayā, Bihar. Photograph of early historic slab, documented after excavation, and marked with location of inscriptions
<p>Bodhgayā, Bihar. Photograph of early historic slab, documented after excavation, and marked with location of inscriptions. British Museum 1897,0528,0.105 (a).</p>
Bodhgayā, Bihar. Photograph of the estampage of the inscription on the early historic slab.
<p>Bodhgayā, Bihar. Photograph of the composite estampage of the inscription engraved on the edge of the early historic slab found at the Mahābodhi temple. British Museum 1897,0528,0.9</p>
Bodhgayā, Bihar. Photograph of early historic slab, documented after excavation.
<p>Bodhgayā, Bihar. Photograph of early historic slab, documented after excavation. British Museum 1897,0528,0.105 (a).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.