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22 results for “East Asian monsoon”
Detection of abrupt changes in East Asian monsoon from Chinese loess and speleothem records
<p>There is a great interest concerning recent occurrences of tipping points in the climate system and great concern about those that could occur in the near future as a result of anthropogenic forcing. A lot of attention has been devoted to the study of past Dansgaard-Oeschger events, abrupt warmings of about 12°C on a time-scale of about 50 yrs that occurred during the last glacial period. Great effort is also dedicated to understanding the Atlantic Meridionnal overturning circulation and the Amazon forest dieback, which are already entering an unstable regime leading to tipping behavior.</p> <p>Instead, here we focus on the study of critical transitions in the SE Asian Monsoon that have occurred in the past 3.6 Myrs by a novel combination of advanced statistical tools (KS-test, recurrence quantification analysis). The SE Asian Monsoon is characterized by variations in the grain size with the occurrence of coarse material characterizing a strong winter monsoon mechanism with grains transported from the Chinese northern deserts by strong winds generated by the Siberian High located northward. By contrast intervals of fine grain size characterized periods during which the summer monsoon was rather reinforced. We have analyzed high-resolution grain-size datasets derived from Chinese loess sequences, i.e. the CHILOMOS and the LGS640 datasets, that we compare with the Chinese composite speleothem d<sup>18</sup>O records that arguably provide one the best representation of the Earth’s climate in the last 650 kyrs. Although visually observed rapid grain-size variations were previously interpreted as representing millennial-scale variations, our statistical analysis shows that both winter and summer monsoons co-varied at glacial-interglacial to millennial timescales. Analyzing a third dataset, i.e., MQSG, our statistical analysis shows that both winter and summer monsoon variations reflect a three-stage evolution of increasing intensity: (1) from 3.6 Ma to 2.6 Ma, (2) from 2.6 Ma to 1.2 Ma, and (3) from 1.2 Ma to present, with the winter monsoon strength increasing over these3 main steps.</p> <p>List of tables</p> <p><strong><span>Table 1</span></strong><span> KS test of the NGRIP and Hulu cave </span><span>d</span><sup><span>18</span></sup><span>O for the last climate cycle. Comparison of the dates of abrupt warmings/moistening (left) and cooling/drying transitions (right). Labels for NGRIP according to Rasmussen et al. </span><span><span>(2014)</span></span><span> and for Hulu cave according to Wang et al. </span><span><span>(2008)</span></span><span>. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Table 2</span></strong><span> KS test of the Chinese speleothem </span><span>d</span><sup><span>18</span></sup><span>O and of the CHILOMOS grain-size composite for the last two climate cycles. Comparison of the dates of abrupt moistening (left) and drying transitions (right). Labels for the moistening transitions in the Chinese speleothem are from Wang et al. </span><span><span>(2008)</span></span><span> and in CHILOMOS from Yang and Ding </span><span><span>(2014)</span></span><span>. The labels of the drying in CHILOMOS are from the present study</span></p> <p><strong><span>Table 3</span></strong><span> RQA of the Chinese speleothem </span><span>d</span><sup><span>18</span></sup><span>O and of the CHILOMOS grain-size composite for the last two climate cycles. Dates of the minima are identified by the RR prominence, shown together with the equivalent transitions detected by the KS method. For easier reading, the dates have been re-ordered from younger to older. The most significant minima are highlighted in yellow. The original ranking is given in Suppl. Tab 1.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Table 4 </span></strong><span>KS test of the Chinese speleothem<span> </span></span><span>d</span><sup><span>18</span></sup><span>O and of the LGS640 dataset for the last 640 Myrs. Comparison of the dates of abrupt moistening and drying transitions in both records. The dates found in both records are highlighted in red and in blue for drying or moistening events respectively.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Table 5 </span></strong><span>RQA of the LGS640 grain-size composite for the last seven climate cycles. Dates of the minima are identified by the RR prominence. The most significant minima (RR prominence >0.5) are highlighted in yellow. </span></p> <p><span><span> </span><strong>Table 6 </strong>KS test and<strong> </strong>RQA of MGSQ grain dataset for the last 3.6 Myrs. In this analysis the moistening and drying transitions is labeled as warming and cooling. On the left, KS results with the corresponding marine isotope stage (MIS) boundaries. On the right, RQA results with minima ordered according their prominence value. Dates with RR>0.6 are highlighted in yellow. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Table Supp.1.</span></strong><span> Abrupt transitions over the past 130 kyrs BP from the NGRIP, Chinese Speleothem and CHILOMOS records. Identification of the common abrupt warmings or moistenings on the left, and abrupt coolings or dryings on the right.<span> </span>Differences between the highest and lowest transition dates. Indication of the NGRIP and Chinese interstadials and stadials (GI-GS and A-SA respectively).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Table Supp.2.</span></strong><span> RQA of the 250 kyrs Chinese speleothem and CHILOMOS records ranked according the RR prominence, the chronology. Indication of the time difference between the identified transitions.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Table Supp.3.</span></strong><span> Comparison of the KS-test results from the LGS 640 and the Chinese speleothem over the past 650 kyrs. Indication of the Marine isotope stratigraphy and the number of cool and warm transitions and the percentage of drying events per climate cycle</span></p>
Replication materials for "Effects of Urbanization in China on the East Asian Summer Monsoon as Revealed by Two Global Climate Models"
<p>The datasets are replication materials for the research "Effects of Urbanization in China on the East Asian Summer Monsoon as Revealed by Two Global Climate Models". They show urbanization-induced changes in surface air temperature (SAT), precipitation, and 850hPa atmospheric circulation from two global climate models (NCAR CESM1.2.1 and FGOALS-g3).</p>
Orbital effect on millennial-scale East Asian summer monsoon variability during the Holocene
<p>Data for reproducing figures in journal article submitted to JGR: Atmospheres in June 2022.</p> <p>Data generated from hosing simulations of the 8.2 ka BP and 4.2 ka BP events using the CESM1.2.</p>
Variability of the East Asian winter monsoon since mid-late Holocene
<p>Wind speed of the East Asian winter monsoon since 4.4 ka was quantitatively reconstructed at a high temporal resolution (~4 years) based on grain size of a core sediment from a well preserved mud patch in the North Yellow Sea.</p>
Investigating sensitivity of East Asian monsoon to orbital forcing during the Late Pliocene warm period
<p>CESM model outputs in a set of orbital sensitivity runs for the Late Pliocene.</p> <p>Only for the East Asia region</p> <p> </p>
Changing patterns of the East Asian monsoon drive shifts in migration and abundance of a globally important rice pest
<p>Numerous insects including pests and beneficial species undertake windborne migrations over hundreds of kilometers. In East Asia, climate-induced changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation systems are affecting wind-fields and precipitation zones and these, in turn, are changing migration patterns. We examined the consequences in a serious rice pest, the brown planthopper (BPH, <em>Nilaparvata</em> <em>lugens</em>) in East China. BPH cannot overwinter in temperate East Asia, and infestations there are initiated by several waves of windborne spring or summer migrants originating from tropical areas in Indochina. The East Asian Summer monsoon, characterized by abundant rainfall and southerly winds, is of critical importance for these northward movements. We analyzed a 42-year dataset of meteorological parameters and catches of BPH from a standardized network of 341 light-traps in South and East China. We show that south of the Yangtze River during summer, southwesterly winds have weakened and rainfall increased, while the summer precipitation has decreased further north on the Jianghuai Plain. Together, these changes have resulted in shorter migratory journeys for BPH leaving South China. As a result, immigration levels of pest outbreaks of BPH in the key rice-growing area of the Lower Yangtze River Valley (LYRV) have declined since 2001. We show that these changes to the East Asian summer monsoon weather parameters are driven by shifts in the position and intensity of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) system that have occurred in the last 20 years. As a result, the relationship between WPSH intensity and BPH immigration that was previously used to predict the size of the immigration to the LYRV has now broken down. Our results demonstrate that migration patterns of a serious rice pest have shifted in response to the climate-induced changes in precipitation and wind pattern, with significant consequences for the population management of migratory pests.</p>
Identification of the atmospheric water sources and pathways responsible for the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall
<p><strong>era_hydro_easm_jul2013_*.csv.gz:</strong> These three files are the raw output from the TRACMASS trajectory model. They stored positions of each trajectory at the start (ini file), during run (run file) and at the end (out file) during July 2013 and has been used for generating Figure 1.</p> <p><strong>mask.nc:</strong> The basin definition in Figure 1 was plotted using this netcdf file.</p> <p><strong>ep_traj_*.gz: </strong>The four zip files corresponds to four summer months (June, July, August, and September) and used to plot Figure 2.</p> <p><strong>ep_traj_basins_*.gz: </strong>The four zip files corresponds to four summer months (June, July, August, and September) and used to plot Figure 3.</p> <p><strong>quantification.gz: </strong>These files were used for quantification provided in Figure 4 and Figure 8.</p> <p><strong>traj_pathways_*.gz: </strong>The two zip files (one for the South Indian Ocean, SIO and another for the Pacific Ocean, PAC) were used to generate Figure 5.</p> <p><strong>traj_rt.gz: </strong>The residence time of atmospheric waters in Figure 6 was created using the files in this zip.</p> <p><strong>traj_age_*.gz: </strong>The two zip files (one for the South Indian Ocean, SIO and another for the Pacific Ocean, PAC) were used to generate Figure 7.</p>
Changing patterns of the East Asian monsoon drive shifts in migration and abundance of a globally important rice pest
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AGCM output for "Effects of subseasonal variation in the East Asian monsoon system on the summertime heat wave in western North America in 2021"
<p>The file named "EXP_2021ANO_heat.nc" is the anomalous heating used in "EXP_2021ANO". The file of "EXP_2021ANO_output.nc" is simulated largescale fields including temperature, zonal and meridional winds and geopotential height at 5 sigma levels integrated for 121 days.</p> <p>The files named "EXP_2021ANO_ens*_heat.nc" and "EXP_2021ANO_ens*_output.nc" are the anomalous heating and simulated largescale fields from five ensemble members of "EXP_2021ANO" experiment, respectively. </p> <p>The files named "EXP_2021CL_*.nc", "EXP_2021HT_*.nc", and "EXP_CLIMJET_*.nc" are same with "EXP_2021ANO_*.nc", but for the results for sensitive experiemts of "EXP_2021CL", "EXP_2021HT" and "EXP_CLIMJET".</p>
A benchmark dataset of diurnal- and seasonal-scale radiation, heat and CO2 fluxes in a typical East Asian monsoon region
<p>A benchmark dataset include 30-min meteorology and eddy flux variables at four sites with two typical surface types (i.e., SX-cropland, DT-cropland, XZ-suburb, and DS-suburb) in the Yangtze River Delta of China.<br> SX-cropland: 15 Jul 2015–24 Apr 2019<br> DT-cropland: 1 Dec 2014–30 Nov 2017<br> XZ-suburb: 27 Mar 2014–22 Jan 2017<br> DS-suburb: 16 Apr 2011–1 Jan 2019</p>
Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in Western and Eastern Parts of East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainband
<p>The datasets used in our manuscript are provided here, along with the main code.</p>
Precipitation isotope changes over the East Asian monsoon region driven by sea surface temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum
<p>This dataset includes speleothem and ice core proxies used for paper [Lan et al., (2023): Precipitation isotope changes over the East Asian monsoon region driven by sea surface temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum].</p>
Data from: Origins of East Asian Summer Monsoon Seasonality
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Slab Ocean forcing file and model output for "Seasonal Transitions and the Westerly Jet in the Holocene East Asian Summer Monsoon"
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Dataset for "Impact of Dust Shortwave Absorbability on the East Asian Summer Monsoon"
<p>Dataset for "Impact of Dust Shortwave Absorbability on the East Asian Summer Monsoon"</p>
Data from: Both temperature fluctuations and East Asian monsoons have driven plant diversification in the karst ecosystems from southern China
Karst ecosystems in southern China are species-rich and have high levels of endemism, yet little is known regarding the evolutionary processes responsible for the origin and diversification of karst biodiversity. The genus Primulina (Gesneriaceae) comprises ca. 170 species endemic to southern China with high levels of ecological (edaphic) specialization, providing an exceptional model to study the plant diversification in karsts. We used molecular data from nine chloroplast and 11 nuclear regions and macroevolutionary analyses to assess the origin and cause of species diversification due to paleoenvironmental changes and edaphic specialization in Primulina. We found that speciation was positively associated with changes in past temperatures and East Asian monsoons through the evolutionary history of Primulina. Climatic change around the mid-Miocene triggered an early burst followed by a slowdown of diversification rate towards the present with the climate cooling. We detected different speciation rates among edaphic types, and transitions among soil types were infrequently and did not impact the overall speciation rate. Our findings suggest that both global temperature changes and East Asian monsoons have played crucial roles in floristic diversification within the karst ecosystems in southern China, such that speciation was higher when climate was warmer and wetter. This is the first study to directly demonstrate that past monsoon activity is positively correlated with speciation rate in East Asia. This case study could motivate further investigations to assess the impacts of past environmental changes on the origin and diversification of biodiversity in global karst ecosystems, most of which are under threat.
Dataset for article "Nonlinear Response of Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation to Emission Reductions in South and East Asia"
<p>Dataset and jupyter notebook relating to the journal article "Nonlinear Response of Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation to Emission Reductions in South and East Asia".</p> <p>The published paper can be found at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3b19">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3b19</a></p> <p>The dataset includes all model output. The jupyter notebook has all neccessary scripts for plotting the model output and reproducing figures from the article.</p> <p>In order to run the script please update the dataset path name and figure output path at the beginning of the notebook.</p> <p> </p>
Holocene East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Modulated by Zonal Migration of the Asian Westerly Jet Core
<p>Data and associated codes generated in this study are archived here.</p>
Rapid northwestward extension of the East Asian summer monsoon over the last deglaciation: evidence from mollusk record
<p>The magnitude and rate of spatial expansion of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rain belt as the climate warms remains unclear. Existing assessments still lack the ecological records that are more sensitive to the EASM rainfall to quantify the spatial extension during the past warming scenarios. Here, the spatiotemporal extension of EASM intensity since the last glacial maximum (LGM) is reconstructed using six well-dated mollusk fossil sequences from Chinese loess sections located at the northern part of the EASM. The abundant occurrence of typical dominant mollusk species indicative of EASM intensity gradually delayed from southeast to northwest since the last deglacial warming. The estimated expansion rate of EASM intensity accelerated markedly during the ~12-9 ka (~50 km/ka), which corresponded with the early-Holocene rapid warming period, shifting northwestward ~150 km compared to present. This imply that northern fringe of EASM in northern China will become wetter as the climate warms.</p>
Data from: Both temperature fluctuations and East Asian monsoons have driven plant diversification in the karst ecosystems from southern China
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