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538 results for “Eastern Atlantic”
Lagrangian overturning in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic Ocean - ORCA025-GJM189 Particle Trajectory Dataset
<p>This dataset contains the output of Lagrangian particle tracking experiments using 5-day mean velocity and hydrographic fields from the ORCA025-GJM189 ocean sea-ice model hindcast configured during the Drakkar project in which numerical particles are initialised along the northward inflows across the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) East section. Particles are advected using a bespoke version of TRACMASS v7.1 Lagrangian particle tracking tool using the regular step-wise stationary advection scheme and an adapted implementation of the vertical turbulent mixing parameterisation created by Paris et al. (2013) for the Connectivity Modelling System Lagrangian particle tracking tool. This vertical turbulent mixing scheme only acts on particles found within the surface mixed layer (as evaluated along particle trajectories) and randomly reshuffles them according to a maximum vertical velocity of 10 cm/s - characteristic of vertical convective plumes. Note, particles cannot be artificially subducted across the base of the mixed layer into the ocean interior using this scheme.</p> <p>Particles are initialised on the first-available day of each month (based on the centre of the model fields 5-day mean windows) between 1976 and 2008 (inclusive) before being advected within the Iceland and Irminger Basins until any one of three termination conditions are met: 1) particles return southward across OSNAP East, 2) particles flow northward across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, or 3) particles reach the maximum advection time of 7-years. The 7-year maximum advection time ensures >99.1% of all initialised particles meet one of conditions 1) or 2), hence only 0.9% of all particles are terminated between OSNAP East and the Greenland-Scotland Ridge.</p> <p>The number of particles initialised in each model-grid cell scales with the total northward transport through that cell, such that the maximum possible transport conveyed by any single particle is 2.5 mSv (mSv == 1E-3 Sv), enabling the calculation of robust Lagrangian statistics.</p> <p>Particle locations (referenced to the original ORCA025 model grid) and properties (potential temperature, salinity, potential density and local mixed layer depth) are stored in the output files on every model-grid cell crossing. TRACMASS determines particle properties on grid-cell crossings by taking the average of the properties stored at the nearest two T-grid points.</p> <p>In total, four Lagrangian experiments were conducted at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford. Please see README.md for a full description of all Lagrangian experiments and the accompanying output files.</p> <p><strong>For a complete description of the ORCA025-GJM189 hindcast configuration see:</strong> https://github.com/meom-configurations/ORCA025.L75-GJM189.</p> <p><strong>For a complete description of TRACMASS v7.1 see</strong>: https://github.com/TRACMASS/tracmass</p>
Fig. 4 in A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from coastal basins in the Atlantic Rainforest of eastern Brazil, with phylogenetic and phylogeographic insights into the Characidium alipioi species group
Fig. 4. Fast flowing stream, type locality of Characidium cricarense, at Cachoeira do Inferno rapids in rio Cricaré, São Mateus, ES, Brazil. GPS coordinates: 18°42'24.5"S 40°16'7.2"W.
Fig. 5 in Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., a new species of mud dragon (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from Skagerrak (north-eastern Atlantic Ocean)
Fig. 5. Boxplots showing the ranges of different body measurements of Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., S. dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and S. flaveolatus (Zelinka, 1928). A. Total trunk length. B. Standard sternal width. C. Lateral terminal spines' length.
Fig. 4 in Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., a new species of mud dragon (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from Skagerrak (north-eastern Atlantic Ocean)
Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs showing general overview and details of the cuticular trunk morphology of a non-type specimen of Setaphyes elenae sp. nov. A. Dorsal overview. B. Middorsal elevation of segment 4. C. Cuticular ornamentation of anterior margin of segment 1. D. Detail of primary and secondary pectinate fringes of segment 5. E. Middorsal to paradorsal view of segment 2. F. Laterodorsal seta of segment 5. G. Middorsal process of segment 1. H. Ventral view of segments 4–5. I. Dorsal view of segment 10. J. Subdorsal sensory spots of segment 8. Abbreviations: mde = middorsal elevation; mdp = middorsal process; pdse = paradorsal seta; ppf = primary pectinate fringe; s = segment; vmse = ventromedial seta. Numbers after abbreviations indicate corresponding segment; sensory spots are marked as dashed circles. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B, D, F–G, J = 1 µm; C, E, H–I = 10 µm.
Fig. 3 in Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., a new species of mud dragon (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from Skagerrak (north-eastern Atlantic Ocean)
Fig. 3 (opposite page). Light micrographs showing trunk overviews and details of cuticular trunk characters of ♀, holotype (NHMD 655358) (A–L, N) and ♂, paratype (NHMD 655361) (M) of Setaphyes elenae sp. nov. A. Dorsal overview. B. Dorsal view on right half of segment 1. C. Ventral view on left half of segment 1. D. Dorsal view on right half of segment 2. E. Ventral view on left half of segment 2. F. Dorsal view on right half of segment 3. G. Ventral view on left half of segment 3. H. Ventral overview. I. Dorsal view on right half of segment 4. J. Ventral view on left half of segment 4. K. Dorsal view on right half of segment 8. L. Ventral view on left half of segment 8. M. Dorsal view on right half of segment 9. N. Ventral view on left half of segment 9. Abbreviations: ldse = laterodorsal seta; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvse = lateroventral seta; mde = middorsal elevation; mdp = middorsal process; pdse = paradorsal seta; vlse = ventrolateral seta; vmse = ventromedial seta. Numbers after abreviations indicate correspong segment; sensory spots are marked as dashed circles, and glandular cell outlets as continuous circles. Scale bars: A, H = 100 µm; B–G, I–N = 20 µm.
Fig. 2 in Setaphyes elenae sp. nov., a new species of mud dragon (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from Skagerrak (north-eastern Atlantic Ocean)
Fig. 2 (opposite page). Line art illustrations of adult Setaphyes elenae sp. nov. A. ♀, ventral overview. B. ♀, dorsal overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11, ventral view. D. ♂, segments 1–2, ventral view. Abbreviations: bsj = ball-and-socket joint; dpl = dorsal placid; gcoI = type I glandular cell outlet; ldcr = laterodorsal cuticular ridge; ldse = laterodorsal seta; ldss = laterodorsal sensory spot; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvse = lateroventral seta; mde = middorsal elevation; mdp = middorsal process; ms = muscular scar; pdse = paradorsal seta; pdss = paradorsal sensory spot; ppf = primary pectinate fringe; ps = penil spine; pvap = paraventral apodeme; sdss = subdorsal sensory spot; spf = secondary pectinate fringe; vlcr = ventrolateral cuticular ridge; vlse = ventrolateral seta; vlss = ventrolateral sensory spot; vmse = ventromedial seta; vmss = ventromedial sensory spot; vmt = ventromedial tube; vpl = ventral placid. Scale bar = 100 µm
Fig. 2 in A new genus and species of Sternaspidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the deep eastern Atlantic
Fig. 2. Mauretanaspis longichaeta gen. et spec. nov., holotype (MNHN-IA-TYPE 2005). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view, right side. C. Ventral view showing length of posteriormost lateral chaetae. Abbreviations: lch = lateral chaetae; pro = prostomium. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Fig. 1 in A new genus and species of Sternaspidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the deep eastern Atlantic
Fig. 1. Mauretanaspis longichaeta gen. et spec. nov., holotype (MNHN-IA-TYPE 2005), ventral view. Abbreviation: pch = posterior shield chaetae; * = body damaged with oesophagus protruding; numbers 1–13 = anterior and pre-shield segments; arrowheads = gonopodial lobes; arrows = body papillae. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Fig. 4 in A new genus and species of Sternaspidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the deep eastern Atlantic
Fig. 4. Mauretanaspis longichaeta gen. et spec. nov., paratype (SMF 27777). A. Entire specimen, ventral view. B. Pre-shield and abdominal region, ventrolateral view. C. Abdominal region, showing arrangement of lateral and posterior shield chaetae, ventral view. Arrowheads = gonopodial lobes; arrow = body papillae; * = body damage on dorsal side. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 3. Diplecogaster tonstricula n in Diplecogaster tonstricula, a new species of cleaning clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from the Canary Islands and Senegal, eastern Atlantic Ocean, with a review of the Diplecogaster-ctenocrypta species-group
Figure 3. Diplecogaster tonstricula n. sp., CCML uncat., paratype, specimen 1, 22.9 mm SL. Head lateral line system. (A) Dorsal view of head; (B) ventral view of head. Bar 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Review of the family Serranidae (Perciformes) from the Canary Islands (eastern-central Atlantic), with the first records of Serranus hepatus and Epinephelus aeneus
Figure 2. – Serranus hepatus from Tenerife, Canary Islands (GBIF-CFM-IEOCA 1199, 86.0 mm TL, 69.2 mm SL) (Credits: J.F. González-Jiménez, 2020).
Figure 1 in Review of the family Serranidae (Perciformes) from the Canary Islands (eastern-central Atlantic), with the first records of Serranus hepatus and Epinephelus aeneus
Figure 1. – The Canary Islands. Collection and sighting locations: (Ê) Serranus hepatus; (■) Epinephelus aeneus; (●) Epinephelus costae (map adapted from BlueChart Atlantic v9.5).
Figure 3 in Merluccius polli and M. senegalensis (Merlucciidae) as first records from the Canary Islands (north-eastern Atlantic), with morphology data
Figure 3. – Radiographs of M. senegalensis from the Canary Islands (TFMCBM-VP/01449, adult, 804 mm TL). Insert: Detail of five cervical vertebrae.
Figure 2 in Merluccius polli and M. senegalensis (Merlucciidae) as first records from the Canary Islands (north-eastern Atlantic), with morphology data
Figure 2. – Radiographs of M. polli from the Canary Islands (TFMCBM-VP/01952, maturing female, 624 mm TL). Insert: Detail of five cervical vertebrae.
Figure 1 in Merluccius polli and M. senegalensis (Merlucciidae) as first records from the Canary Islands (north-eastern Atlantic), with morphology data
Figure 1. – The Canary Islands. Collection locations for the first records. Ì: Merluccius polli; ■: Merluccius senegalensis.
F I G U R E 6 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 6 Back-calculated mean body length (±95% confidence interval) of Salmo salar at the midpoint of the winter annulus, following the conclusion of the post-smolt growth period
F I G U R E 1 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 1 Hierarchical cluster analysis of intercirculus spacing for scales of Salmo salar. (a) The dendrogram for k = 20 using Euclidean distance and Ward linkage for z-scored and interpolated data. The five major sub-branches (A–E) and the 20 clusters are ordered sequentially from the left. (b) The standardized intercirculus spacing plots for the 20 clusters. Clusters are colour-coded and ordered as in (a). The LOESS fits for each cluster are shown as a black line and the number of fish per cluster (n) is also shown
F I G U R E 2 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 2 Tabulation of significant under- and over-representation of the 10 most frequent growth pattern categories (and "Others") for Salmo salar scales amongst the 20 dendrogram clusters. Proportions of growth pattern frequency were compared to the overall population proportion of scales for k = 20 with Ward linkage, and clustering of the z-scored and interpolated data. Light shading (−) indicates significant under-representation and dark shading (+) indicates over-representation. Sample sizes (n) for each growth pattern across the time-series are shown
F I G U R E 4 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 4 Time-series changes in ocean surface temperature and Salmo salar scale growth pattern. (a) Changes in monthly SST anomaly for the 250 and 500 km standard deviation spatially weighted kernels in the Norwegian Sea (April 1992 – March 2011). (b) Changes in frequency (proportion within years) of selected growth patterns. The three selected pattern groupings illustrate fish showing persistent Fast growth (F) throughout the post-smolt growth season, Slow growth followed by Fast growth (SF), and all patterns pooled that displayed one or more growth Checks. The growth pattern data for each capture year (b) are aligned with the SST anomaly in April of the previous year (a), coinciding with the commencement of annual smolt emigration
F I G U R E 5 in Variation in the post-smolt growth pattern of wild one sea-winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
F I G U R E 5 Monthly correlations between the SST anomalies throughout the post-smolt Salmo salar growth period and annual frequency of the Fast (F) and All Check growth patterns. The salmon data were lagged by -1 year to match the annual post-smolt growth seasons to the SST anomalies. Significant correlations (P <0.05; following adjustment of d.f. to allow for autocorrelation) are shown by the filled circles
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