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11 results for “Echinothrix”
Figure 11. a. Diadema savignyi, b. Echinothrix calamaris, c. Tripneustes gratilla, d in Echinodermata of Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea with the description of a new genus and a species
Figure 11. a. Diadema savignyi, b. Echinothrix calamaris, c. Tripneustes gratilla, d. Echinometra mathaei, with olive-green spines, e. Echinometra mathaei, with black spines, f. Stomopneustes variolaris.
FIG. 4 in Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)
FIG. 4. — Cluster analysis based on 28 test characters (zero Euclidean distance = greatest similarity). Abbreviations: b, brown colour morph; w, white colour morph.
FIG. 2. — A-I in Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)
FIG. 2. — A-I, photographs of the median areas of the interambulacra, showing the variation in characters that occur: A, Diadema antillarum; B, D. mexicanum; C, D, D. savignyi; E, D. setosum; F, Echinothrix calamaris (brown colour morph); G, E. calamaris (white colour morph); H, E. diadema; I, D. palmeri; J, D. palmeri (whole specimen). Scale bars: A-I, 5 mm; J, 50 mm.
FIG. 1 in Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)
FIG. 1. — Drawings of the apical systems, showing species specific characters of the periproct and genital plates: A, Diadema antillarum; B, D. ascensionis; C, D. mexicanum; D, D. palmeri; E, D. paucispinum; F, D. savignyi; G, D. setosum; H, Echinothrix calamaris (brown colour morph); I, E. calamaris (white colour morph); J, E. diadema. Scale bars: 5 mm.
FIG. 3 in Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)
FIG. 3. — MDS plots of taxonomic similarity based on 28 test characters.
FIGURE 29. Echinothrix calamaris. A. Map showing distribution. B in Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa
FIGURE 29. Echinothrix calamaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Aboral view of preserved specimen (MBC-077783).
On following pages: 35. Stiff-spined Spiny-rat (Proechimys echinothrix); 36. Tomes''s Spiny-rat (Proechimys semispinosus); 37. O'Connell's Spiny-rat (Proechimys oconnelli); 38. Napo Spiny-rat (Proechimys quadruplicatus); 39. Steere's Spiny-rat (Proechimys steerei); 40. Goeldi's Spiny-rat (Proechimys goeldii); 41. Guyenne Spiny-rat (Proechimys guyannensis); 42. Robert's Spiny-rat (Proechimys robert); 43. Patton's Spiny-rat (Proechimys pattoni); 44. Kulina Spiny-rat (Proechimys kulinae); 45. Gardner's Spiny-rat (Proechimys gardneri); 46. Boyaca Spiny-rat (Proechimys chrysaeolus); 47. Minca Spiny-rat (Proechimys mincae); 48. Guaira Spiny-rat (Proechimys guairae); 49. Trinidad Spiny-rat (Proechimys trinitatis); 50. Guianan Spiny-rat (Proechimys hoplomyoides); 51. Short-tailed Spiny-rat (Proechimys brevicauda); 52. Long-tailed Spiny-rat (Proechimys longicaudatus); 53. Cuvier's Spiny-rat (Proechimys cuvier). in Echimyidae
On following pages: 35. Stiff-spined Spiny-rat (Proechimys echinothrix); 36. Tomes''s Spiny-rat (Proechimys semispinosus); 37. O'Connell's Spiny-rat (Proechimys oconnelli); 38. Napo Spiny-rat (Proechimys quadruplicatus); 39. Steere's Spiny-rat (Proechimys steerei); 40. Goeldi's Spiny-rat (Proechimys goeldii); 41. Guyenne Spiny-rat (Proechimys guyannensis); 42. Robert's Spiny-rat (Proechimys robert); 43. Patton's Spiny-rat (Proechimys pattoni); 44. Kulina Spiny-rat (Proechimys kulinae); 45. Gardner's Spiny-rat (Proechimys gardneri); 46. Boyaca Spiny-rat (Proechimys chrysaeolus); 47. Minca Spiny-rat (Proechimys mincae); 48. Guaira Spiny-rat (Proechimys guairae); 49. Trinidad Spiny-rat (Proechimys trinitatis); 50. Guianan Spiny-rat (Proechimys hoplomyoides); 51. Short-tailed Spiny-rat (Proechimys brevicauda); 52. Long-tailed Spiny-rat (Proechimys longicaudatus); 53. Cuvier's Spiny-rat (Proechimys cuvier).
On following pages: 35. Stiff-spined Spiny-rat (Proechimys echinothrix); 36. Tomes''s Spiny-rat (Proechimys semispinosus); 37. O'Connell's Spiny-rat (Proechimys oconnelli); 38. Napo Spiny-rat (Proechimys quadruplicatus); 39. Steere's Spiny-rat (Proechimys steerei); 40. Goeldi's Spiny-rat (Proechimys goeldii); 41. Guyenne Spiny-rat (Proechimys guyannensis); 42. Robert's Spiny-rat (Proechimys robert); 43. Patton's Spiny-rat (Proechimys pattoni); 44. Kulina Spiny-rat (Proechimys kulinae); 45. Gardner's Spiny-rat (Proechimys gardneri); 46. Boyaca Spiny-rat (Proechimys chrysaeolus); 47. Minca Spiny-rat (Proechimys mincae); 48. Guaira Spiny-rat (Proechimys guairae); 49. Trinidad Spiny-rat (Proechimys trinitatis); 50. Guianan Spiny-rat (Proechimys hoplomyoides); 51. Short-tailed Spiny-rat (Proechimys brevicauda); 52. Long-tailed Spiny-rat (Proechimys longicaudatus); 53. Cuvier's in Echimyidae
On following pages: 35. Stiff-spined Spiny-rat (Proechimys echinothrix); 36. Tomes''s Spiny-rat (Proechimys semispinosus); 37. O'Connell's Spiny-rat (Proechimys oconnelli); 38. Napo Spiny-rat (Proechimys quadruplicatus); 39. Steere's Spiny-rat (Proechimys steerei); 40. Goeldi's Spiny-rat (Proechimys goeldii); 41. Guyenne Spiny-rat (Proechimys guyannensis); 42. Robert's Spiny-rat (Proechimys robert); 43. Patton's Spiny-rat (Proechimys pattoni); 44. Kulina Spiny-rat (Proechimys kulinae); 45. Gardner's Spiny-rat (Proechimys gardneri); 46. Boyaca Spiny-rat (Proechimys chrysaeolus); 47. Minca Spiny-rat (Proechimys mincae); 48. Guaira Spiny-rat (Proechimys guairae); 49. Trinidad Spiny-rat (Proechimys trinitatis); 50. Guianan Spiny-rat (Proechimys hoplomyoides); 51. Short-tailed Spiny-rat (Proechimys brevicauda); 52. Long-tailed Spiny-rat (Proechimys longicaudatus); 53. Cuvier's
FIGURE 6. Echinothrix calamaris. Color morphotypes. A. Black and white spine form. B. White spine form. C in New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong
FIGURE 6. Echinothrix calamaris. Color morphotypes. A. Black and white spine form. B. White spine form. C. Banded spine form. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu.
Phylogeography of the sea urchin genus Echinothrix.
<p><span>The sea urchins <i>Echinothrix calamaris</i> and<i> E. diadema</i> have sympatric distributions throughout the Indo-Pacific. Diverse colour variation is reported in both species. To reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus and assess gene flow across the Indo-Pacific we sequenced mitochondrial 16S rDNA, ATPase-6, and ATPase-8, and nuclear 28S rDNA and the Calpain-7 intron. Our analyses revealed that <i>E. diadema</i> formed a single trans-Indo-Pacific clade, but <i>E. calamaris</i> contained three discreet clades. One clade was endemic to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Oman. A second clade occurred from Malaysia in the West to Moorea in the East. A third clade of <i>E. calamaris</i> was distributed across the entire Indo-Pacific biogeographic region. A fossil calibrated phylogeny revealed that the ancestor of <i>E. diadema </i>diverged from the ancestor of <i>E. calamaris ~</i>16.8 million years ago (Ma), and that the ancestor of the trans-Indo-Pacific clade and Red Sea and Gulf of Oman clade split from the western and central Pacific clade ~9.8 Ma. Time since divergence and genetic distances suggested species level differentiation among clades of <i>E. calamaris</i>. Colour variation was extensive in <i>E. calamaris</i>, but not clade or locality specific. There was little colour polymorphism in <i>E. diadema</i>.</span></p>
Phylogeography of the sea urchin genus Echinothrix.
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