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10 results for “Ecogeographic isolation”
Data from: Variation in ecophysiological traits might contribute to ecogeographic isolation and divergence between parapatric ecotypes of Mimulus aurantiacus
Many forms of reproductive isolation contribute to speciation, and early acting barriers may be especially important, because they have the first opportunity to limit gene flow. Ecogeographic isolation occurs when intrinsic traits of taxa contribute to disjunct geographic distributions, reducing the frequency of inter‐taxon mating. Characterizing this form of isolation requires knowledge of both the geographic arrangement of suitable habitats in nature and the identification of phenotypes involved in shaping geographic distributions. In Mimulus aurantiacus, red‐ and yellow‐flowered ecotypes are incompletely isolated by divergent selection exerted by different pollinators. However, these emerging taxa are largely isolated spatially, with a hybrid zone occurring along a narrow region of contact. In order to assess whether responses to abiotic conditions contribute to the parapatric distribution of ecotypes, we measured a series of ecophysiological traits from populations along a transect, including drought sensitivity, leaf area, and the concentrations of vegetative flavonoids. In contrast to the abrupt transitions in floral phenotypes, we found that ecophysiological traits exhibited a continuous geographic transition that largely mirrors variation in climatological variables. These traits may impede gene flow across a continuous environmental gradient, but they would be unlikely to result in ecotypic divergence alone. Nevertheless, we found a genetic correlation between vegetative and floral traits, providing a potential link between the two forms of isolation. Although neither barrier appears sufficient to cause divergence on its own, the combined impacts of local adaptation to abiotic conditions and regional adaptation to pollinators may interact to drive discontinuous variation in the face of gene flow in this system.
A greenhouse experiment partially supports inferences of ecogeographic isolation from niche models of Clarkia sister species
<p><b>Premise: </b>Ecogeographic isolation, or geographic isolation caused by ecological divergence, is thought to be of primary importance in speciation, yet is difficult to demonstrate and quantify. To determine whether distributions are limited by divergent adaptation or historical contingency, the gold standard is to reciprocally transplant taxa between their geographic ranges. Alternatively, ecogeographic isolation is inferred from species distribution models and niche divergence tests based on widely available environmental and occurrence data.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We test for ecogeographic isolation between two sister species of California annual wildflowers, <i>Clarkia concinna</i> and <i>C. breweri</i>, with a hybrid approach. We use niche models to predict water availability as the major axis of ecological divergence and then test that with a greenhouse experiment. Specifically, we manipulate water availability in field soils for two populations of each species and predict higher fitness in conditions representing home habitats to those representing the environment of each's sister species.</p> <p><b>Key Results: </b>Water availability and soil representing <i>C. concinna</i> generally increased both species' fitness. Thus, water and soil may indeed limit <i>C. concinna</i> from colonizing the range of C. breweri, but not vice versa. We suggest that the competitive environment and pollinator availability, which are not directly captured with either approach, may be key biotic factors correlated with climate that contribute to unexplained ecogeographic isolation for <i>C. breweri</i>.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Ours is a valuable approach to assessing ecogeographic isolation, in that it balances feasibility with model validation, and our results have implications for species distribution modeling efforts geared towards predicting climate change responses.</p>
The past, present, and future of ecogeographic isolation between closely related Aquilegia plants
<p>Quantifying the strength of the ecogeographic barrier is an important aspect of studies of plant speciation and a practical step to understanding the evolutionary trajectory of plants under climate change. Here, we quantified the extent of ecogeographical isolation of four closely related Aquilegia species, which radiated in the Mountains of SW China and adjacent regions and often lacked intrinsic barriers. We predicted past, present and future species potential distributions using environmental niche models, then compared them to determine the degree of overlap and ecogeographic isolation. Investigated ecogeographical isolation between species pairs, we found significant ecological differentiation in all studied species pairs except A. kansuensis and A. ecalacarata. The current strengths of ecogeographic isolation are above 0.5 in most cases. Compared with current climates, most species had an expanding range in the Last Glacial Maximum, the Mid Holocene and under four future climate scenarios. Our results suggested that ecogeographic isolation contributes to the diversification and maintenance of Aquilegia species in the Mountains of northern and SW China and would act as an essential reproductive barrier in the future.</p>
Data from: Variation in ecophysiological traits might contribute to ecogeographic isolation and divergence between parapatric ecotypes of Mimulus aurantiacus
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The past, present, and future of ecogeographic isolation between closely related Aquilegia plants
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A greenhouse experiment partially supports inferences of ecogeographic isolation from niche models of Clarkia sister species
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Data from: Climate change increases ecogeographic isolation between closely related plants
1. Ecogeographic isolation is a fundamental prezygotic barrier to reproduction and a step toward diversification in flowering plants. However, whether ecogeographic isolation acts as a reproductive barrier between species and thus as a mechanism for species divergence is unclear and is expected to change as species distributions shift under climate change. 2. Using a Maxent framework, we quantified the extent of ecogeographic isolation of nine closely related species of the European plant genus Pulmonaria, which lack pre-mating barriers and often form hybrids. We investigated ecogeographic isolation under both current conditions and four climate change scenarios; two unrelated future climate models, each with two predictions of the potential trajectories of climate change. 3. Compared with current climates, under these future climate scenarios, there will be an increase in mean annual temperature, but not in mean annual precipitation in the range of Pulmonaria throughout Europe. This will result in a range contraction in three of the nine Pulmonaria species, a range expansion in two species, and no clear effect of climate change on the ranges of four species. 4. Climate change will result in an overall increase in ecogeographic isolation between these species in future. In particular, species that have low ecogeographic isolation under current conditions are predicted to increase the most in their ecogeographic isolation under climate change. 5. Synthesis These results highlight that climate change can strongly impact on a major premating barrier of closely related species, therefore potentially affect the evolutionary trajectory of plants in the future.
Data from: Climate change increases ecogeographic isolation between closely related plants
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Data from: Ecogeographic isolation and speciation in the genus Mimulus
Despite a long history of examining the geographic context of speciation, differences in geographic range have rarely been considered a legitimate isolating mechanism. This likely results from the complex relationship between historical and ecological processes in determining the spatial distribution of species. Ecogeographic isolation is the proportion of geographic isolation that results from genetically based ecological differences between taxa and should therefore be measured as an isolating mechanism under the biological species concept. In this study, species distribution modeling was used to evaluate the potential ranges of 12 recently diverged pairs of species in the genus Mimulus. Variation in the distribution models showed that these species differ significantly in the niches they occupy. These differences result in substantial ecogeographic isolation, with an average strength of 0.67, revealing that, on average, Mimulus species exhibit only 33% overlap in the extent of suitable habitat with their closest relatives. Because prezygotic barriers act early in the life cycle of organisms, this strong barrier has the potential to contribute greatly to the total isolation experienced between diverging species. Therefore, ecogeographic isolation appears to play an important role in Mimulus, and estimating the strength of this barrier is essential to our general understanding of speciation.
Data from: Ecogeographic isolation and speciation in the genus Mimulus
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