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Figure S1 in Genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling delimit species boundary of the Przewalski's scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in arid Asian inland

Figure S1. Bayesian consensus tree of the Mesobuthus caucasicus complex reconstructed from mitochondrial DNA sequences.

Figure 9 in Genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling delimit species boundary of the Przewalski's scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in arid Asian inland

Figure 9. Phylogeny the Mesobuthus caucasicus complex reconstructed using mitochondrial DNA sequences. The Przewalski's scorpion (M. przewalskii) is deeply diverged from other species and the Chinese scorpion (M. martensii) belongs to the species complex. Node supports are shown by bootstrapping probabilities from 1000 replicates and Bayesian posterior probabilities.

Figures 1–8 in Genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling delimit species boundary of the Przewalski's scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in arid Asian inland

Figures 1–8. Mesobuthus przewalskii stat. nov., from Qiemo, Xinjiang. 1. Male, dorsal view. 2. Male, ventral view. 3. Female, dorsal view. 4. Female, ventral view. 5. Male, dentition of pedipalp chela movable finger. 6. Male, dentition of pedipalp chela fixed finger. 7. Male, ventral aspect of genital operculum and pectines. 8. Female, ventral aspect of genital operculum and pectines. Scale bars: 1–4 = 5.0 mm; 5–8 = 2.0 mm.

Figure 11 in Genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling delimit species boundary of the Przewalski's scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in arid Asian inland

Figure 11. Ecological niche models of Mesobuthus scorpions. Potential distribution areas for the Przewalski's scorpion M. przewalsii (purple) is shown together with the Chinese scorpion M. martensii (green) and other species of the M. caucasicus complex (yellow). The entire Tarim Basin and adjacent Gobi region are suitable for survival of M. przewalskii. No area to the west of the Tianshan Mountains and the Pamir Plateau is suitable for M. przewalskii, and similarly no area to the east of the Tianshan Mountains and the Pamir Plateau is suitable for other species of the M. caucasicus complex. There are overlaps in predicted suitable distribution areas between M. przewalskii and M. martensii along the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The suitable areas in the Junggar Basin and to the north of the Tianshan Mountains are likely due to over prediction of the model, because M. przewalskii does not occur in these regions. Ecological niche model for M. martensii was adopted from Shi et al. 2007.

Figure 10 in Genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling delimit species boundary of the Przewalski's scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in arid Asian inland

Figure 10. Phylogenetic network for the Mesobuthus caucasicus species complex. Although the interrelationships between species is poorly resolved, no reticulations have occurred in the most recent common ancestors for each species. The Przewalski's scorpion M. przewalskii is clearly diverged from other member of the species complex and warrants a species rank. The divergence of the Chinese scorpion M. martensii is comparable to the divergences among the members of the species complex.

publicMay 2024View details →

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Data from: A new Paleogene fossil and a new dataset for waterfowl (Aves: Anseriformes) clarify phylogeny, ecological evolution, and avian evolution at the K-Pg boundary

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Data from: Evidence of repeated zoonotic pathogen spillover events at ecological boundaries

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publicOct 2024View details →

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

New species boundaries and the diversification history of marsh rat taxa clarify historical connections among ecologically and geographically distinct wetlands of South America

Taxa with broad geographic ranges that occur in different biomes and exhibit plastic morphological traits and/or adaptations to particular habitats make inferences about species boundaries especially challenging. However, technological and conceptual advances in the generation and analysis of genomic data have advanced the description of biodiversity. Here we address the outstanding questions about the delimitation of species in the genus Holochilus, a rodent with morphological specializations to wetland habitats, distributed through almost all the South America continent using genome‐wide SNP and morphometric data. Specifically, we apply a Bayesian model‐based species delimitation that revealed significant re-arrangements of species boundaries based on consideration of both morphometric and genomic data alone, or in combination. With these shifts in species boundaries, our results provide an insightful framework for inferring the group's biogeographic history and considering possible connections between disjoint biomes in South America. Because of the ecological constraints of the marsh rats, and with the proposed taxonomic re-arrangements, the significance of our findings extends beyond systematics and suggests how diversification might be associated with past ecological/environmental changes during the Pleistocene. Overall, this study highlights how genomic data can provide phylogenetic information for resolving relationships among species of Holochilus, but also the importance of integrative approaches to identify evolutionary independent species. For the relatively understudied vast wetlands of South America, a robust species delimitation framework therefore becomes a critical source of data relevant to hypotheses about the history of the biomes themselves.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data and code: Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions

Species interactions can propagate disturbances across space via direct and indirect effects, potentially connecting species at a global scale. However, ecological and biogeographic boundaries may mitigate this spread by demarcating the limits of ecological networks. We tested whether large-scale ecological boundaries (ecoregions and biomes) and human disturbance gradients increase dissimilarity among plant-frugivore networks, while accounting for background spatial and elevational gradients and differences in network sampling. We assessed network dissimilarity patterns over a broad spatial scale, using 196 quantitative avian frugivory networks (encompassing 1,496 plant and 1,004 bird species) distributed across 67 ecoregions, 11 biomes, and 6 continents. We show that dissimilarities in species and interaction composition, but not network structure, are greater across ecoregion and biome boundaries and along different levels of human disturbance. Our findings indicate that biogeographic boundaries delineate the world's biodiversity of interactions and likely contribute to mitigating the propagation of disturbances at large spatial scales.

publicJan 2021View details →

New species boundaries and the diversification history of marsh rat taxa clarify historical connections among ecologically and geographically distinct wetlands of South America

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publicSep 2025View details →

Data from: Theory of infectious disease spillover at an ecological boundary: Impacts of seasonality and cross-boundary movement

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publicOct 2022View details →

Data and code: Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions

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Data from: Genetic and ecological data reveal species boundaries between viviparous and oviparous lizard lineages

Identification of cryptic species is an essential aim for conservation biologists to avoid premature extinctions of 'unrecognized' species. Integrating different types of data can undoubtedly aid in resolving the issue of species delimitation. We studied here two lineages of the common lizard Zootoca vivipara that display different reproductive mode (the viviparous Z. v. vivipara and the oviparous Z. v. carniolica) and that overlap their distributional ranges in the European Alps. With the purpose of delimiting species' boundaries, we analyzed their ecological, genetic and natural history features. More than 300 samples were collected and analyzed at cytochrome b and 11 microsatellites loci for investigating genetic variation, population structure, individual relatedness and evolutionary histories of the two lineages. Additionally, we compared their ecological niches using eight ecological variables. Genetic data showed contrasting patterns of genetic structure between the two lineages, different demographic dynamics and no hybridization events. Also strong ecological differences (such as temperature) emerged between the two lineages, and niche overlap was limited. Taken together, these results indicate that Z. v. vivipara and Z. v. carniolica should be recognized as two separate species, and particular conservation consideration should be given to the oviparous lineage that tends to live in areas threatened by increasing impact of human activities. However, recent and rapid climate warming might determine an increasing risk for the persistence of the viviparous lineage, being adapted to cold environments.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Fig. 2 in Reconciling ecological and phytogeographical spatial boundaries to clarify the limits of the montane and alpine regions of sub-Sahelian Africa

Fig. 2. High elevation flora and vegetation of the Afrotropics.A.Lower alpine vegetation (Sanetti Plateau, Bale Highlands, Ethiopia); B.Lobelia rhynchopetalum Hemsl., endemic to the lower alpine belt of Ethiopia; C. L. gibberoa Hemsl., a forest-dwelling giant lobelia of the montane belt, restricted to tropical Africa; D. Montane forest (Harenna Forest, Bale Highlands, Ethiopia).

Fig. 4 in Reconciling ecological and phytogeographical spatial boundaries to clarify the limits of the montane and alpine regions of sub-Sahelian Africa

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the centres and sub-centres of the Cape element in sub-Sahelian Africa (from Carbutt, 2004; Carbutt and Edwards, 2012; updated from Weimarck, 1941). The high elevation sub-centres in particular are often fragmented, hence the need for two hyphenated names when considering two dominant enclaves of close proximity. The most modern and geographically accurate names have been used. For example, 'Abessinian Sub-centre' is now 'Ethiopian Sub-centre'; 'Rungwe Sub-centre' is now 'Nyika-Rungwe Subcentre'; 'Mitumba-Rwenzori Sub-centre' is an amalgamation of Weimarck's (1941) 'Katanga' and 'Kivu' Sub-centres, named after the Mitumba Highlands, and the dominant Rwenzori Mountains further north. The double-sided arrows denote possible dual-direction migration events that may have resulted in reciprocal exchange of taxa between centres.

Fig. 5 in Reconciling ecological and phytogeographical spatial boundaries to clarify the limits of the montane and alpine regions of sub-Sahelian Africa

Fig. 5. Schematic representation of the intervals between centres and sub-centres of the Cape element in sub-Sahelian Africa (from Carbutt, 2004; updated from Weimarck, 1941). Symbols: ▲, high elevation centres and sub-centres of the Cape element; ●, low elevation centre of the Cape element (Pondoland Centre). Most names are derived from the geographic regions in which the intervals occur.

Fig. 3 in Reconciling ecological and phytogeographical spatial boundaries to clarify the limits of the montane and alpine regions of sub-Sahelian Africa

Fig. 3. The Drakensberg Alpine Centre, southern Africa, as previously recognised. A. upper montane grasslands above Sani Pass, southern KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg; B. near-endemic shrub, Euryops evansii Schltr. subsp. evansii, of the upper montane belt; C. endemic forb, Moraea alticola Goldblatt, of the lower alpine belt; D. lower alpine grasslands of Lesotho.