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25 results for “Ecological originality”
Data from: Ecological trait divergence over evolutionary time underlies the origin and maintenance of tropical spider diversity
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Data from: Coincident transitions across elevation and origins of functional innovations drove the phenotypic and ecological diversity of lungless salamanders
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Dataset: 'Protected Designations of Origin' (PDO) per NUTS-3 regions plus PDO-scores and social-ecological indicators (v2)
<p>The dataset contains the original research data belonging to the research article "EU-wide mapping of ‘Protected Designations of Origin’ food products (PDOs) reveals correlations with social-ecological landscape values" (Flinzberger et al. 2022: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-022-00778-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-022-00778-4</a>).</p> <p>Based on the mapping of 638 food products registered within the EU as 'Protected Designation of Origin' (PDO), the first excel file <em>"EU28_all_PDO_products_per_NUTS3.xlsx"</em> shows the distribution of PDO-labeled products across the EU28 NUTS-3 regions. All NUTS-3 regions are listed once for each PDO product they contain (as by 30 June 2020).</p> <p>The second excel file <em>"PDO_scores_and_social_ecological_indicator_data.xlsx"</em> includes the accumulated numbers of PDOs per NUTS-3 region (called PDO score) as registered by 30 June 2020. The PDO score is presented for all food products combined, and for four major food categories separately. Further, the excel file contains all aggregated values of social-ecological indicators (including their sources), used for the correlation analysis between PDO scores and social-ecological characteristics in the above-mentioned article.</p> <p>Code explanations (meta data) can be found on the second sheet of each excel file.</p> <p>- - - </p> <p>second file updated to v2</p>
Modelling the origin, fate, and ecological and health impacts of heavy metals from an abandoned mercury mine in a paradise island in the Philippines
<p>This document contains supplementary tables for the article entitled "Modelling the origin, fate, and ecological and health impacts of heavy metals from an abandoned mercury mine in a paradise island in the Philippines"</p>
Ecologically-related variation of digit morphology in Cyrtodactylus (Gekkota, Squamata) reveals repeated origins of incipient adhesive toepads
<p>The exploitation of different locomotor substrates in different ecological niches has driven the evolution of specialized morphological structures, and similar ecological demands, such as the structure of the microhabitat, often lead to convergent or parallel evolution. The evolution of adhesive toepads in geckos remains understudied because of the paucity of phylogenetically informed investigations of candidate clades exhibiting purported incipient expression of these (i.e., species having evolved some, but not all, parts of the complex adhesive system of pad-bearing geckos). Using <em>Cyrtodactylus</em>, a speciose genus with well-established ecotypes, we tested the hypothesis that microhabitats that require more climbing will lead to the acquisition of incipient adhesive morphology. We measured subdigital scale area, a proxy for adhesive toepad evolution, and quantified subdigital scale shape for 77 of the 354 described species, including at least one representative of each ecotype. Subdigital scale area increased from terrestrial through generalist and saxicoline (rock-dwelling) to arboreal ecotypes, with subdigital scale shape evolving from ancestral conditions for padless lizards to lateromedially expanded lamella-like scales only in the arboreal ecotypes. This significant link between phenotype and environment supports the contention that scansorial, and particularly arboreal, <em>Cyrtodactylus</em> ecotypes have evolved incipiently expressed adhesive toepads. This highlights the suitability of this genus as a model system for studying the ecology and evolution of adhesive toepads as well as being a promising candidate for research on adaptive radiations.</p>
Data for: Ecological and evolutionary origin of Costus flammulus (Costaceae): A new species from the montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica
<p><span><em>Costus</em> <em>flammulus</em> is a new herbaceous species endemic to montane cloud forests of </span><span>the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica. <em>Costus</em> <em>flammulus</em> has been mistaken </span><span>for <em>C</em>. <em>wilsonii</em>, but phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that it is closely related to the </span><span>widespread lowland species <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>. Here, we used an integrated </span><span>framework of species concepts to evaluate whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> and <em>C</em>. </span><span><em>pulverulentus</em> are distinct species. First, we re-evaluate prior phylogenetic analyses to </span><span>assess whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> bifurcated from or budded off from within <em>C</em>. </span><span><em>pulverulentus</em> and whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> is monophyletic. We then compare </span><span>phenotypic traits to determine which diagnostic vegetative and inflorescence traits can </span><span>be used to identify species in herbarium specimens and examine whether floral traits </span><span>may confer floral isolation. We compare pollinator assemblages to examine whether </span><span>pollinator specificity may contribute to reproductive isolation. Finally, we model species </span><span>distributions and climatic niche overlap to assess ecogeographic isolation. We found </span><span>that <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> is a monophyletic species phenotypically, ecologically, and </span><span>geographically distinct from <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em> and may have speciated as a peripheral </span><span>isolate at the high elevation range edge of <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>. Several lines of </span><span>evidence, such as <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em> paraphyly, range size asymmetry, and C. </span><span>flammulus' nested distribution and vegetative traits, suggest that <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> </span><span>budded off from a <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>‐like progenitor species, evolving to tolerate a </span><span>colder and more seasonal montane environment.</span></p>
Data for: Ecological and evolutionary origin of Costus flammulus (Costaceae): A new species from the montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica
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Ecologically-related variation of digit morphology in Cyrtodactylus (Gekkota, Squamata) reveals repeated origins of incipient adhesive toepads
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The phylogeny of Syntrichia: An ecologically diverse clade of mosses with an origin in South America
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Data from: The cryptic origins of evolutionary novelty: 1,000-fold-faster trophic diversification rates without increased ecological opportunity or hybrid swarm
Ecological opportunity is frequently proposed as the sole ingredient for adaptive radiation into novel niches. An additional trigger may be genome-wide hybridization resulting from 'hybrid swarm'. However, these hypotheses have been difficult to test due to the rarity of comparable control environments lacking adaptive radiations. Here I exploit such a pattern in microendemic radiations of Caribbean pupfishes. I show that a sympatric three-species radiation on San Salvador Island, Bahamas diversified 1,445 times faster than neighboring islands in jaw length due to evolution of a novel scale-eating adaptive zone from a generalist ancestral niche. I then sampled 22 generalist populations on seven neighboring islands and measured morphological diversity, stomach content diversity, dietary isotopic diversity, genetic diversity, lake/island areas, macroalgae richness, and Caribbean-wide patterns of gene flow. None of these standard metrics of ecological opportunity or gene flow were associated with adaptive radiation, except for slight increases in macroalgae richness. Thus, exceptional trophic diversification is highly localized despite myriad generalist populations in comparable environmental and genetic backgrounds. This study provides a strong counterexample to the ecological/hybrid-swarm theories of adaptive radiation and suggests that diversification of novel specialists on a sparse fitness landscape is constrained by more than ecological opportunity and gene flow.
Data from: Does origin always matter? Evaluating the influence of nonlocal seed provenances for ecological restoration purposes in a widespread and outcrossing plant species
For restoration purposes, nature conservation generally enforces the use of local seed material based on the "local-is-best" (LIB) approach. However, in some cases recommendations to refrain from this approach have been made. Here we test if a common widespread species with no obvious signs of local adaptation may be a candidate species for abandoning LIB during restoration. Using 10 microsatellite markers we compared population genetic patterns of the generalist species Daucus carota in indigenous and formerly restored sites (nonlocal seed provenances). Gene diversity overall ranged between He = 0.67 and 0.86 and showed no significant differences between the two groups. Hierarchical AMOVA and principal component analysis revealed very high genetic population admixture and negligible differentiation between indigenous and restored sites (FCT = 0.002). Moreover, differentiation between groups was caused by only one outlier population, where inbreeding effects are presumed. We therefore conclude that the introduction of nonlocal seed provenances in the course of landscape restoration did not jeopardize regional species persistence by contributing to inbreeding or outbreeding depressions, or any measurable adverse population genetic effect. On the basis of these results, we see no obvious objections to the current practice to use the 10-fold cheaper, nonlocal seed material of D. carota for restoration projects.
Data from: Abundance inequality in freshwater communities has an ecological origin
The hollow-shaped species abundance distribution (SAD) and its allied rank abundance distribution (RAD)—showing that abundance is unevenly distributed among species—are some of the most studied patterns in ecology. To explain the nature of abundance inequality, I developed a novel framework identifying environmental favorability, which controls the balance between reproduction and immigration, as the ultimate source and species stress tolerance as a proximate factor. Thus, under harsh conditions, only a few tolerant species can reproduce, while some sensitive species can be present in low numbers due to chance immigration. This would lead to high abundance inequality between the two groups of species. Under benign conditions, both groups can reproduce and give rise to higher abundance equality. To test these ideas, I examined the variability in the parameters of a Poisson lognormal fit of the SAD and a square root fit of the RAD in diatom and fish communities across US streams. Indeed, as environmental favorability increased, more sensitive forms were able to establish large populations, diminishing the abundance disparity between locally common and rare species. Finally, it was demonstrated that in diatoms, the RAD belonged to the same family of relationships as those of population density with body size and regional distribution.
Data from: Visual ecology of true lemurs suggests a cathemeral origin for the primate cone opsin polymorphism
In contrast to the majority of primates, which exhibit dedicated diurnality or nocturnality, all species of Eulemur are cathemeral. Color vision, in particular, is strongly affected by the spectral composition and intensity of ambient light, and the impact of activity period on the evolution of primate color vision is actively debated. We studied three groups of wild brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus) in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar over a one-year span. We also used non-invasive fecal DNA collection and analysis to study the opsin genes underlying the color vision of 24 individuals. We quantify the color and brightness of dietary fruits and modeled the chromaticity and discriminability of food objects to different visual phenotypes under daylight, twilight, and moonlight conditions. We found that E. fulvus possesses routine dichromacy, unlike its congener E. flavifrons, for which polymorphic trichromacy has been reported. Our models suggest that dichromacy is well-suited to the foraging ecology of E. fulvus. The performance of modeled dichromats and trichromats is comparable under nocturnal illuminants and the luminance values of most diet items are detectable across light conditions. The trichromatic phenotype demonstrates a modest advantage under daylight conditions only. Our results, taken together with reports of polymorphic trichromacy in E. flavifrons, suggest functional ecological variation in the visual system of the genus Eulemur. Interspecific phenotypic variation in the color vision of a genus is both unexpected and instructive. Ecological differences between species of Eulemur could reveal thresholds for the origins of polymorphic trichromacy, which preceded the evolution of routine trichromatic vision in humans and other primates.
Data from: Visual ecology of true lemurs suggests a cathemeral origin for the primate cone opsin polymorphism
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Data from: Does origin always matter? Evaluating the influence of nonlocal seed provenances for ecological restoration purposes in a widespread and outcrossing plant species
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Data from: Nectocaridid ecology, diversity, and affinity: early origin of a cephalopod-like body plan
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Data from: Transcontinental dispersal, ecological opportunity and origins of an adaptive radiation in the Neotropical catfish genus Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)
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Data from: The cryptic origins of evolutionary novelty: 1,000-fold-faster trophic diversification rates without increased ecological opportunity or hybrid swarm
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Data from: Abundance inequality in freshwater communities has an ecological origin
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Plumage patterns: ecological functions, evolutionary origins, and advances in quantification
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.