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48 results for “Ecology: thermal”
Data from: Padfield et al. (2016) Rapid evolution of metabolic traits explains thermal adaptation in phytoplankton. Ecology letters.
<p>This repository provides the data from the TPC and logistic growth curves from the paper:</p> <p>Padfield, D., Yvon‐Durocher, G., Buckling, A., Jennings, S., & Yvon‐Durocher, G. (2016). Rapid evolution of metabolic traits explains thermal adaptation in phytoplankton. Ecology letters, 19(2), 133-142.</p> <p>metadata.pdf gives a more detailed explanation of the data.</p>
Рис. 4. Раковины видов Melanoididae иЗ термальных источников: А – Melanoides pamiricus Lindholm иЗ теплого источника ДЖаушангоЗ (Памир), высота раковины 16 мм; В – M. shahdaraensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, иЗ теплого источника ДЖаушангоЗ, высота раковины 15 мм; С – M. kainarensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev иЗ теплого источника ХадЖа-Кайнар (юго-восток Туркмении), высота раковины 23 мм. Фото З. ИЗЗатуллаева, 1976, 1980 гг. Fig. 4. Shells of the Melanoididae species from thermal springs: A – Melanoides pamiricus Lindholm, the hot spring Dzhaushangoz (Pamir), shell height 16 mm; B – M. shahdaraensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, the hot spring Dzhaushangoz, shell height 15 mm; C – M. kainarensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, the hot spring Khadzha-Kainar (south-eastern Turkmenistan). Photo by Z. Izzatullaev, 1976, 1980. in Patterns of ecology and life cycles of aquatic molluscs from Central Asia
Рис. 4. Раковины видов Melanoididae иЗ термальных источников: А – Melanoides pamiricus Lindholm иЗ теплого источника ДЖаушангоЗ (Памир), высота раковины 16 мм; В – M. shahdaraensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, иЗ теплого источника ДЖаушангоЗ, высота раковины 15 мм; С – M. kainarensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev иЗ теплого источника ХадЖа-Кайнар (юго-восток Туркмении), высота раковины 23 мм. Фото З. ИЗЗатуллаева, 1976, 1980 гг. Fig. 4. Shells of the Melanoididae species from thermal springs: A – Melanoides pamiricus Lindholm, the hot spring Dzhaushangoz (Pamir), shell height 16 mm; B – M. shahdaraensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, the hot spring Dzhaushangoz, shell height 15 mm; C – M. kainarensis Starobogatov et Izzatullaev, the hot spring Khadzha-Kainar (south-eastern Turkmenistan). Photo by Z. Izzatullaev, 1976, 1980.
Fig. 4 in Thermal ecology of the Pygmy Alligator Lizard, Gerrhonotus parvus Knight and Scudday, 1985 (Squamata: Anguidae), in Nuevo Léon, Mexico
Fig. 4. Relationship between body temperature (T b), air temperature (T) and substrate temperature (T) for Gerrhonotus a s parvus of Sierra Madre Oriental in Nuevo León, Mexico.
Fig. 1 in Thermal ecology of the Pygmy Alligator Lizard, Gerrhonotus parvus Knight and Scudday, 1985 (Squamata: Anguidae), in Nuevo Léon, Mexico
Fig. 1. Distribution of Gerrhonotus parvus in northeastern Mexico. The stars indicate the localities of specimens used in this study: Cañon de San Isidro, Santiago (white star) and Ejido Santa Rita, Galeana (black star). The coordinates are shown around the edges of the map in the UTM/WGS84 metric system.
Food limitation erodes the thermal tolerance of larvae in an ecologically influential marine herbivore
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Data from: Will like replace like? linking thermal performance to ecological function across predator and herbivore populations
The inability of species to adapt to changing climate may cause ecological communities to disassemble and lose ecological functioning. However, theory suggests that communities may be resilient whenever populations within species exhibit variation in thermal plasticity or adaptation whereby thermally tolerant populations replace thermally sensitive ones. But will they maintain the functional roles of the populations being replaced? This study evaluated whether "like replaces like" functionally by measuring how four populations of a grasshopper herbivore and its co-occurring spider predator cope with environmental warming. The study occurred across a latitudinal gradient bounded by southerly, warmer Connecticut and northerly, cooler New Hampshire, USA. The study compared the survival rates, thermal performance, habitat usage, and food chain interactions of each grasshopper and spider population between its home field site (field of origin) and a Connecticut transplant site, and the native Connecticut population. Three grasshopper populations exhibited physiological plasticity by adjusting metabolic rates. The fourth population selected cooler habitat locations. Spider populations did not alter their metabolism, and instead selected cooler habitat locations thereby altering spatial overlap with their prey and food chain interactions. Grasshopper populations that coped physiologically consumed plants in different ratios than the fourth population and the Connecticut population. Hence "like may not replace like" whenever populations adapt physiologically to warming.
Data from: Thermal adaptation best explains Bergmann's and Allen's rule across ecologically diverse shorebirds
<p>Bergmann's and Allen's rules state that endotherms should be larger and have shorter appendages in cooler climates. However, the drivers of these rules are not clear. Both rules could be explained by adaptation for improved thermoregulation, including plastic responses to temperature in early life. Non-thermal explanations are also plausible as climate impacts other factors that influence size and shape, including starvation risk, predation risk, and foraging ecology. We assess the potential drivers of Bergmann's and Allen's rules in 30 shorebird species using extensive field data (>200,000 observations). We show birds in hot, tropical northern Australia have longer bills and smaller bodies than conspecifics in temperate, southern Australia, conforming with both ecogeographical rules. This pattern is consistent across ecologically diverse species, including migratory birds that spend early life in the Arctic. Our findings best support the hypothesis that thermoregulatory adaptation to warm climates drives latitudinal patterns in shorebird size and shape. </p>
Data for: Evolutionary interactions between thermal ecology and sexual selection
<p>Thermal ecology and mate competition are both pervasive features of ecological adaptation. A surge of recent work has uncovered the diversity of ways in which temperature affects mating interactions and sexual selection. However, the potential for thermal biology and reproductive ecology to evolve together as organisms adapt to their thermal environment has been underappreciated. Here, we develop a series of hypotheses regarding (1) not only how thermal ecology affects mating system dynamics, but also how mating dynamics can generate selection on thermal traits; and (2) how the thermal consequences of mate competition favor the reciprocal co-adaptation of thermal biology and sexual traits. We discuss our hypotheses in the context of both pre-copulatory and post-copulatory processes. We also call for future work integrating experimental and phylogenetic comparative approaches to understand evolutionary feedbacks between thermal ecology and sexual selection. Overall, studying reciprocal feedbacks between thermal ecology and sexual selection may be necessary to understand how organisms have adapted to the environments of the past and could persist in the environments of the future.</p>
Fig. 2 in Thermal ecology of the Pygmy Alligator Lizard, Gerrhonotus parvus Knight and Scudday, 1985 (Squamata: Anguidae), in Nuevo Léon, Mexico
Fig. 2. Seasonal pattern of daily activity of Gerrhonotus parvus in Sierra Madre Oriental.
Fig. 3 in Thermal ecology of the Pygmy Alligator Lizard, Gerrhonotus parvus Knight and Scudday, 1985 (Squamata: Anguidae), in Nuevo Léon, Mexico
Fig. 3. Proportions of microhabitats used by Gerrhonotus parvus.
Data from: Will like replace like? linking thermal performance to ecological function across predator and herbivore populations
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Data for: Evolutionary interactions between thermal ecology and sexual selection
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Thermal history mediates the ecological role of body size in a freshwater fish
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Data from: On the correlated evolution of ecological lifestyle and thermal tolerance
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Data from: Thermal adaptation best explains Bergmann's and Allen's rule across ecologically diverse shorebirds
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Thistle-down velvet ants in the Desert Mimicry Ring and the evolution of white coloration: Müllerian mimicry, camouflage, and thermal ecology
Adaptive coloration among animals is one of the most recognizable outcomes of natural selection. Here we investigate evolutionary drivers of white coloration in velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), which has previously been considered camouflage with the fruit of creosote bush. Our analyses indicate instead that velvet ants evolved white coloration millions of years before creosote bush was widespread in North America's hot deserts. Furthermore, velvet ants and the creosote fruit exhibit different spectral reflectance patterns, which appear distinct to potential insectivorous predators. While the white coloration in velvet ants likely did not evolve as camouflage, we find that white-colored species remain cooler than their red/orange relatives, and therefore we infer the white coloration likely evolved in response to Neogene desertification. This study shows the importance of cross-disciplinary investigation and the importance of testing multiple hypotheses when investigating evolutionary drivers of adaptive coloration.
Data from: Ecological relevance of energy metabolism: transcriptional responses in energy sensing and expenditure to thermal and osmotic stresses in an intertidal limpet
For rocky intertidal species that experience changes in a number of potential stressors seasonally and during the tidal cycle, sensing cellular energy status and modulating it adaptively may be crucial for responding to stressor effects. However, the responses of energy metabolism of intertidal species to multiple sublethal stressors are still unclear. Here, we examined gene expression profiles of biomarkers related to sensing of cellular energy status and regulation of catabolism and energy expenditure in a mid-intertidal limpet Cellana toreuma for elucidating the species' cellular energy responses stresses from high temperature, desiccation and rainfall. Expression levels of genes encoding metabolic regulators [two subunits of AMP-activated protein kinase, ampkα, ampkβ; Fu gene inhibition axis formation, axin; two sirtuins, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (sirt1); NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-5 (sirt5)], metabolic enzymes (hexokinase, hk; pyruvate kinase, pk; isocitrate dehydrogenase, idh) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) were quantified in specimens exposed to different temperatures and aerial/freshwater spray conditions. Based on the gene expression patterns, all individuals could be divided into three groups with divergent cellular energy status, indicating that the selected target genes are appropriate indicators of cellular metabolism. The divergent gene expression patterns indicated a sequence in which individuals from group 1, group 2 and group 3 were faced with increasing energy stress. The frequency distributions of individuals in the three groups were different among different time points and treatments, indicating that high temperature, desiccation, and rainfall, singly or in combination, could cause energy stress. Compared to the high percentage (100%) of individuals placed in the highest-stress group (group 3), after 2 h of freshwater spray at 18 °C, the lower percentage (77·8%) of individuals in group 3 after 2 h of freshwater spray at 30 °C indicated the existence of interactive effects of high temperature and rain; high temperature resulted in a lower response of cellular energy metabolism to rainfall. Sublethal environmental stresses from single stressors such as temperature or osmotic challenges can lead to cellular energy stress. Interactions among stressors may lead to a complex overall effect on cellular energy status in intertidal species.
Data from: Protein expression parallels thermal tolerance and ecologic changes in the diversification of a diving beetle species complex
Physiological changes associated with evolutionary and ecological processes such as diversification, range expansion or speciation are still incompletely understood, especially for non-model species. Here we study differences in protein expression in response to temperature in a western Mediterranean diving beetle species complex, using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis with one Moroccan and one Iberian population each of Agabus ramblae and Agabus brunneus. We identified proteins with significant expression differences after thermal treatments comparing them with a reference EST library generated from one of the species of the complex (A. ramblae). The colonisation during the Middle Pleistocene of the Iberian peninsula by A. ramblae, where maximum temperatures and seasonality are lower than in the ancestral north African range, was associated with changes in the response to 27 °C in proteins related to energy metabolism. The subsequent speciation of A. brunneus from within populations of Iberian A. ramblae was associated with changes in the expression of several stress-related proteins (mostly chaperons) when exposed to 4 °C. These changes are in agreement with the known tolerance to lower temperatures of A. brunneus, which occupies a larger geographical area with a wider range of climatic conditions. In both cases, protein expression changes paralleled the evolution of thermal tolerance and the climatic conditions experienced by the species. However, although the colonisation of the Iberian peninsula did not result in morphological change, the speciation process of A. brunneus within Iberia involved genetic isolation and substantial differences in male genitalia and body size and shape.
Data from: Ecological novelty by hybridization: experimental evidence for increased thermal tolerance by transgressive segregation in Tigriopus californicus
Early generations of hybrids can express both genetic incompatibilities and phenotypic novelty. Insights into whether these conflicting interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic selection persist after a few generations of recombination require experimental studies. To address this question, we use interpopulation crosses and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the copepod Tigriopus californicus, and focus on two traits that are relevant for the diversification of this species: survivorship during development and tolerance to thermal stress. Experimental crosses between two population pairs show that most RILs between two heat-tolerant populations show enhanced tolerance to temperatures that are lethal to the respective parentals, whereas RILs between a heat-tolerant and a heat-sensitive population are intermediate. Although interpopulation crosses are affected by intrinsic selection at early generational hybrids, most of the sampled F9 RILs have recovered fitness to the level of their parentals. Together, these results suggest that a few generations of recombination allows for an independent segregation of the genes underlying thermal tolerance and cytonuclear incompatibilities, permitting certain recombinant lineages to survive in niches previously unused by parental taxa (i.e., warmer thermal environments) without incurring intrinsic selection.
Thermal ecology and baseline energetic requirements of a large-bodied ectotherm suggest resilience to climate change
<p>Most studies on how rising temperatures will impact terrestrial ectotherms have focused on single populations or multiple sympatric species. Addressing the thermal and energetic implications of climatic variation on multiple allopatric populations of a species will help us better elucidate how a species may be impacted by altered climates. We used eight years of thermal and behavioral data collected from four populations of Pacific rattlesnakes (<em>Crotalus oreganus</em>) living in climatically distinct habitat types (inland and coastal) to determine the field-active and lab-preferred body temperatures, thermoregulatory metrics, and maintenance energetic requirements of snakes from each population. Physical models showed that thermal quality was best at coastal sites, but inland snakes thermoregulated more accurately despite being in more thermally constrained environments. Projected increases of 1 and 2 ºC in ambient temperature result in an increase in overall thermal quality at both coastal and inland sites. Population differences in modeled standard metabolic rate estimates were driven by body size and not field-active body temperature, with inland snakes requiring 1.6x more food annually than coastal snakes. All snakes thermoregulated with high accuracy, suggesting that small increases in ambient temperature are unlikely to impact the maintenance energetic requirements of individual snakes and that some species of large-bodied reptiles may be robust to modest thermal perturbations under conservative climate change predictions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.