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133 results for “Ecotone”
Spring and Fall plant cover across grassland-shrubland ecotones at 3 sites in the Jornada Basin, 2005-ongoing
The objective of this ongoing study is to investigate how pulses of precipitation translate into pulses of plant aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) across grassland to shrubland ecotones in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. This dataset consists of ocular plant cover and height measurements to be used for estimating aboveground net primary in three habitat vegetation zones (grassland, ecotone, and shrubland) at three grassland-to-shrubland ecotone sites in the Jornada Basin, Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. Sampling is conducted twice a year: in the spring before the growing season and in the fall after the growing season.
Annual Aboveground Net Primary Productivity by plant functional groups across grassland-shrubland ecotones at 3 sites in the Jornada Basin, 2006-ongoing
The objective of this ongoing study is to investigate how pulses of precipitation translate into pulses of plant aboveground net primary productivity (NPP) across grassland to shrubland ecotones in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. This dataset consists of annual aboveground net primary productivity estimates by plant functional groups in three habitat vegetation zones (grassland, ecotone, and shrubland) at three grassland-to-shrubland ecotone sites in the Jornada Basin, Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. The annual ANPP estimates are derived from plant cover measurements (see methods). Due to its growth form, Yucca elata (YUEL), in the leaf succulent functional group, has been found to produce large errors in interyear biomass estimates. This data package separates biomass estimates for YUEL and non-YUEL leaf succulents so that users can decide whether to combine them or keep them separate. In general, the authors recommend against using the YUEL estimates for most purposes. Data collection is ongoing with new observations in spring and fall of each year; data from both annual sampling times are required to estimate annual ANPP.
Total Annual Aboveground Net Primary Productivity across grassland-shrubland ecotones at 3 sites in the Jornada Basin, 2006-ongoing
The objective of this ongoing study is to investigate how pulses of precipitation translate into pulses of plant aboveground net primary productivity (NPP) across grassland to shrubland ecotones in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. This dataset consists of annual aboveground net primary productivity estimates in three habitat vegetation zones (grassland, ecotone, and shrubland) at three grassland-to-shrubland ecotone sites in the Jornada Basin, Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. The annual ANPP estimates are derived from plant cover measurements (see methods). Due to its growth form, Yucca elata (YUEL) has been found to produce large errors in interyear biomass estimates. This data package contains annual ANPP estimates both with and without YUEL, but the authors strongly recommend using the non-YUEL estimates for most purposes. Data collection is ongoing with new observations in spring and fall of each year; data from both annual sampling times are required to estimate annual ANPP.
Hierarchical herbivore exclosure vegetation canopy cover at 3 sites across grassland-shrubland ecotones, 2022
The goal of this dataset is to examine long-term effects of multiple herbivore groups on canopy cover of plants across a shrub encroachment gradient (i.e., Ecotone Study) using herbivore exclusion treatments. Plots (2x2-m) were controls (open to all herbivores), large herbivore exclusion (lagomorph, rodent access), or full exclusion (no herbivore access). Plots were established in 2001 across grassland-shrubland ecotones in patches of black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda with >75% cover). Biomass of B. eriopoda was physically removed from the center 40x40-cm2 patch of each treatment to simulate disturbance. We sampled the controls and herbivore exclosure plots in summer 2022 to evaluate the long-term influence of herbivore exclusion on B. eriopoda recovery and overall canopy cover.
Grass seedling survival and microhabitat vegetation cover among herbivore exclusion treatments across grassland-shrubland ecotones at 3 sites, 2022 and 2023
The aim of this study is to reveal how mammalian herbivores differentially affect the survival of grass seedlings depending on herbivore taxa (cattle, oryx, lagomorphs, rodents) and microhabitat vegetation structure surrounding grass seedlings. This dataset includes data tracking the survival of grass seedlings among herbivore exclusion treatments across grassland, ecotone, and shrubland habitats. Seedling survival trials were established at 3 spatial blocks associated with the Ecotone Study: JER Pastures 9 and 12, and CDRRC Pasture 3. Survival trials were conducted on Pasture 12 in 2022, and on Pastures 3, 9, and 12 in 2023. Each spatial block contained 3 sites (grassland, ecotone, shrubland) that were further subdivided into 5 replicate plots (n = 45 plots). Two trays (1 control open to all herbivores, 1 caged allowing only rodent access) of 25 seedlings each were buried at ground level at each plot and their condition (i.e., alive & undamaged, alive & herbivore damaged, senesced or absent via herbivory, senesced due to environmental stress, resprouted following herbivory, unknown fate, or herbivory following senescence) recorded every 3 days for a total of 15 days. Microhabitat vegetation cover surrounding the seedling trays was collected using ocular estimates of cover across plant functional types (e.g., perennial grasses, forbs, sub-shrubs, shrubs, etc.) within 1 square-meter PVC quadrats placed on both the east and west face of seedling trays established in the field. Maximum height of vegetative (non-reproductive) plant tissue of each functional type was additionally recorded to gauge the level of grass seedling concealment.
Seasonal Soil Sampling of Grass-dominated, Mesquite-dominated, and Ecotone Sites at the Jornada Basin LTER site for the Analysis of Microbial Community Variance, 2022-2023
Fungal and bacterial soil communities were analyzed to assess the influence of woody shrub encroachment on soil microbial communities. Three study sites in the Jornada Long Term Ecological Research Site were selected to represent a grass-dominated site, a woody shrub dominated site, and an ecotone of woody shrubs and grass. The field sampling began in October 2022 and concluded in July 2023 with five sampling periods that aimed to capture seasonal variation: October 2022, January 2023, March 2023, May 2023, and July 2023. This dataset includes data pertaining to the soil microbial composition, environmental characteristics, microbial sequence processing, and documentation of the code utilized for data processing and statistical analyses. Data on soil microbial composition was collected from Phospholipid Fatty-Acid composition data from soil samples. Data on environmental characteristics were collected from on-site temperature probes, laboratory assessments of soil properties, and Jornada meteorological stations. Information pertaining to microbial sequence processing is included in the documented code as well as in the record of the primers utilized.
Physical and microbial processing of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (Salinity Experiment) along an oligotrophic marsh/mangrove/estuary ecotone (Taylor Slough and Florida Bay) for August 2003 in Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida, USA
A better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients entering Florida Bay is a key issue regarding the restoration of the Everglades. In addition to precipitation, the other major source of freshwater to Florida Bay is from Taylor Slough and the C-111 Basin in the northeast section of the Bay. While it is known that these areas deliver significant amounts of N to the Bay, a significant portion of this is in the form of dissolved organic N (DON). The sources, environmental fate and bioavailability to microorganisms of this DON are however, not known. Should this DON be readily available, any increased load as a function of restoration changes might have an impact on internal phytoplankton bloom dynamics. No significant flocculation or precipitation of DOM occurred with increase in salinity, meaning that terrestrial DOM does not get trapped in the sediments but stays in the water column where it subjected to photolysis and advective transport. Sunlight has a significant effect on the chemical characteristics of DOM. While the DOC levels did not change significantly during photo-exposure, the optical characteristics of the DOM were modified. The environmental implications of this are conflicting: photo-induced polymerization may stabilize the DOM by reducing its bioavailability while photolysis may make the DOM more labile. Overall, DON bioavailability was relatively low in this region. Even though the amount of DON loaded to the bay may be significant, the fraction of DON available for microbial cycling is much smaller. The amount of N supplied by recycling may be a significant portion of the total DIN pool. All this must be considered in context with the proposed CERP modifications to flows. As of the latest initial Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP) update, the flows to Taylor Slough and C-111/Panhandle Basis are not predicted to change very much from base conditions. Therefore we do not expect any great increases in TN loading in this
Physical and microbial processing of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (Photodegradation Experiment) along an oligotrophic marsh/mangrove/estuary ecotone (Taylor Slough and Florida Bay) for August 2003 in Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida, USA
A better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients entering Florida Bay is a key issue regarding the restoration of the Everglades. In addition to precipitation, the other major source of freshwater to Florida Bay is from Taylor Slough and the C-111 Basin in the northeast section of the Bay. While it is known that these areas deliver significant amounts of N to the Bay, a significant portion of this is in the form of dissolved organic N (DON). The sources, environmental fate and bioavailability to microorganisms of this DON are however, not known. Should this DON be readily available, any increased load as a function of restoration changes might have an impact on internal phytoplankton bloom dynamics. No significant flocculation or precipitation of DOM occurred with increase in salinity, meaning that terrestrial DOM does not get trapped in the sediments but stays in the water column where it subjected to photolysis and advective transport. Sunlight has a significant effect on the chemical characteristics of DOM. While the DOC levels did not change significantly during photo-exposure, the optical characteristics of the DOM were modified. The environmental implications of this are conflicting: photo-induced polymerization may stabilize the DOM by reducing its bioavailability while photolysis may make the DOM more labile. Overall, DON bioavailability was relatively low in this region. Even though the amount of DON loaded to the bay may be significant, the fraction of DON available for microbial cycling is much smaller. The amount of N supplied by recycling may be a significant portion of the total DIN pool. All this must be considered in context with the proposed CERP modifications to flows. As of the latest initial Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP) update, the flows to Taylor Slough and C-111/Panhandle Basis are not predicted to change very much from base conditions. Therefore we do not expect any great increases in TN loading in this
Effects of Small-scale Armoring and Residential Development on the Salt Marsh/Upland Ecotone in Coastal Georgia, USA
Use of small-scale armoring placed near the marsh-upland interface to protect single-family homes from flooding is a widespread coastal development practice, but its effect on the environment is under studied. We compared the biota and environmental characteristics of 60 marshes on the coast of Georgia, USA, that were adjacent to either a bulkhead, a residential backyard with no armoring, or an intact forest during June-July 2013 using a nested, spatially blocked sampling design. For each plot in each sampling site, we used real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS to measure the location and elevation of the upper marsh. We collected cores to determine porewater salinity and nutrient concentrations as well as grain size distribution of marsh sediments. We quantified flora (vegetation composition) and fauna (snail, bivalve, and crab abundance) in the upper marsh ecotone. For sites with bulkheads, we recorded the height, thickness and condition of the bulkhead, as well as surveyed the animals living on and around the bulkheads.
Thermal balance of forests in the Mediterranean-temperate ecotone
<p><strong>Thermal balance of forests in the Mediterranean-temperate ecotone.</strong></p> <p>This dataset comprises the data used in the manuscript "Disentangling the role of Forest structure and functional traits for the thermal balance in the Mediterranean–Temperate Ecotone", to be submitted to a scientific journal shortly after the publication date of this dataset. Data comprise 54 variables including case categorization, meteorological, climatic and forest structural variables and the thermal balance of the forest estimated from <a href="https://ecostress.jpl.nasa.gov">ECOSTRESS</a> remote sensing measurements.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Heterogeneity in habitat and nutrient availability facilitate the co-occurrence of N2 fixation and denitrification across wetland - stream - lake ecotones of Lakes Superior and Huron
Great Lakes coastlines are mosaics of wetland, stream, and lake habitats, characterized by a high degree of spatial heterogeneity that may facilitate the co-occurrence of seemingly incompatible biogeochemical processes due to variation in environmental factors that favor each process. We measured nutrient limitation and rates of N2 fixation and denitrification along transects in 5 wetland - stream - lake ecotones with different nutrient loading in Lakes Superior and Huron and hypothesized that rates of both processes would be related to nutrient limitation status, habitat type, and environmental characteristics including temperature, nutrient concentrations, and organic matter quality. This data package includes information on sampling sites, dates and locations; rates of N fixation and denitrification measured at each site, date and transect location; and biomass information from nutrient diffusing substrates deployed on the study transects.
Long-term studies of secondary succession and community assembly in the prairie-forest ecotone of eastern Kansas, Hay meadow restoration experiment
Local and regional-scale processes interact to govern the assembly, diversity and functioning of ecological communities. Evaluating the interplay of these differently-scaled processes in the regulation of ecological systems is a challenging problem, but is crucial towards understanding and predicting the potential effects of accelerated human activity on biological diversity and ecosystem sustainability. Since 2000, two long-term field experiments have been underway in grasslands of eastern Kansas to investigate the interplay of soil resource availability, species interactions and regional processes governing plant secondary succession, community assembly, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Both experiments involve manipulations of soil nutrients in permanent grassland study plots and employ multi-species seed addition treatments to evaluate the contribution of dispersal limitation and regional constraints on local species pools to the regulation of plant community dynamics. Hay meadow restoration experiment, previously funded by USDA, was established in 2000 in a section of the field that was left unplowed at the start of the experiment. Thus Experiment 2 was initiated in the context of secondary succession on recently abandoned cool-season hayfield where hay grass species were dominant at the start of the study. In this experiment we have been monitoring plant community change annually since 2001 in response to two aspects of hay management important in our area: annual fertilization and annual haying. The experimental design involves factorial manipulations of nutrient supply (two levels of NPK fertilization), annual haying (two levels: hayed; not hayed) and propagule input achieved by adding seeds of 41 native prairie species to half of the plots. Experiment 2 parallels Experiment 1 with manipulations of soil resources and species pools, but does so in the contexts of hay management and native prairie hay meadow restoration.
Rodent capture data across grassland-shrubland ecotones at 3 sites in the Jornada Basin, 2004-ongoing
The objective of this study is to investigate how pulses of precipitation translate into pulses of plant aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and how the small mammal community responds to such changes in relation to shrub gradients in northern Chihuahuan Desert landscapes. This dataset consists of the first capture of individuals each year that can be used to calculate an index of relative abundance of rodents (i.e., number of unique individuals captured by species). The first-capture data are derived from mark-recapture sampling during 4 consecutive night trapping events held annually in three habitat vegetation zones (grassland, ecotone, and mesquite shrubland) at three grassland-to-shrubland ecotone sites in the Jornada Basin, Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. Variables include rodent species, sex, reproductive status, weight, and maturity status. Also available are measures of relative abundance and biomass of rodents in data package knb-lter-jrn.210262010. This is an ongoing dataset.
Rodent abundance and biomass data across grassland-shrubland ecotones at 3 sites in the Jornada Basin, 2004-ongoing
This is an example dataset for testing `jerald` and the Jornada IM system using dataset 210262010. Data here come from R’s `mtcars` example dataset. You can replace this abstract with one for your dataset.
Mammal occurrence data derived from camera traps in grassland-shrubland ecotones at 24 sites in the Jornada Basin, southern New Mexico, USA, 2014-ongoing
The objective of this ongoing study is to investigate how abundance, distribution, and activity of mammals (>= 1 kg) vary across grassland to shrubland ecotones in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. This dataset includes animal occurrence data derived from camera trap images captured in 24 grassland-to-shrubland ecotone sites in the Jornada Basin, Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. The data set contains occurrence records from 14 mammal species with the date and time a species was detected. Also included are the number of individuals in a photo, operational dates and number of functional camera days for cameras, total number of trap nights a camera was active, and geographical coordinates of camera trap locations. Sampling is ongoing and occurs during the monsoon season from July-November. Sampling has occurred annually since 2014.
Density-dependent demography of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) along grass-shrub ecotones.
The encroachment of woody plants into grasslands is a global phenomenon with implications for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Understanding and predicting the pace of expansion and the underlying processes that control it are key challenges in the study and management of woody encroachment. Theory from spatial population biology predicts that the occurrence and speed of population expansion should depend sensitively on the nature of conspecific density dependence. If fitness is maximized at the low-density encroachment edge then shrub expansion should be "pulled" forward. However, encroaching shrubs have been shown to exhibit positive feedbacks, whereby shrub establishment modifies the environment in ways that facilitate further shrub recruitment and survival. In this case there may be a fitness cost to shrubs at low density causing expansion to be "pushed" from behind the leading edge. We studied the spatial dynamics of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), which has a history of encroachment into Chihuahuan Desert grasslands over the past century. We used demographic data from observational censuses and seedling transplant experiments to test the strength and direction of density dependence in shrub fitness along a gradient of shrub density at the grass-shrub ecotone. We also used seed-drop experiments and wind data to construct a mechanistic seed dispersal kernel, then connected demography and dispersal data within a spatial integral projection model (SIPM) to predict the dynamics of shrub expansion. The SIPM predicted that, contrary to expectations based on potential for positive feedbacks, the shrub encroachment wave is "pulled" by maximum fitness at the low-density front. However, the predicted pace of expansion was strikingly slow (ca. 8 cm/yr), and this prediction was supported by independent re-surveys of the ecotone showing little to no change in spatial extent of shrub cover over 12 years. Encroachment speed was acutely sensitive to seedling recruitment,
Soil movement across black grama and mesquite ecotone transects in the Jornada Basin, southern New Mexico, USA, 1933-2011
This package contains data from a study that measured long-term soil movement in areas undergoing mesquite invasion on the Jornada Experimental Range from 1933-2011. Data consist of height measurements of soil on two long-term transects established in the Natural Revegetation Exclosure (NatReveg) in 1933 and an exclosure in Pasture 8b in 1935. In 1933, about half of the NatReveg exclosure was covered with mesquite dunes. Grasses dominated the non-dune portion, but mesquite plants were present. Approximately one-third of the NatReveg site exclosure was sprayed with 2,4,5-T herbicide for mesquite control in 1966-68. Additional herbicide treatments were conducted upon the sprayed portion in 1969-72. The 1731-m NatReveg exclosure transect runs north-south through the center of the exclosure and extends 61 m (200ft) beyond the boundary fence on either end. The 457-m Pasture 8b transect is oriented WSW-ENE and was established in an area where mesquite dunes were large and well established. The predominant soils in this exclosure are deep loamy sands. Soil movement was measured by the distance between the soil surface and a notch in 50 cm T-posts located every 15.2 m (50 ft). Transects were measured in 1950 (8b only), 1955 (8b only), every five years from 1980-2000, and most recently in 2011. Most steel posts were re-measured at these intervals, but some were lost due to excavation or burial. These were replaced with a new baseline notch height initiated on the posts. Data correspond to each year of collection, as well as measures (in cm) of soil deposition or deflation during the intervals. This study is complete. For further information, see: Gibbens, R.P., J.M. Tromble, J.T. Hennessy, and M. Cardenas, 1983. "Soil movement in mesquite dunelands and former grasslands of southern New Mexico from 1933 to 1980." Journal of Range Management 36:145-148.
Data from: Exploring hymenopteran parasitoid communities and their hosts: A comparative study of farmland and semi-natural ecotones with focus on pentatomoid bugs and their antagonists
<p>Here, we provide abundance data, the respective R-script and R-readable data files from a small-scale study on hymenopteran parasitoid communities and their hosts, with special focus on pentatomoid bugs and their egg parasitoids. This comparative study was conducted in farmland and semi-natural ecotones from June to September 2020 in South Tyrol, Italy. The fauna was sampled during four sampling events with sweep netting, beat netting, yellow pan traps, Malaise traps and visual inspections. Arthropods were identified to order level, hymenopteran parasitoids to family level, pentatomoid bugs to species level and egg parasitoids of pentatomoids as far as possible to species level. If identification was not possible, pentatomoid parasitoids were left at genus level. The abundance data collected with each survey method were pooled per survey events and survey site.</p>
Stand-level variation drives canopy water storage by non-vascular epiphytes across a temperate-boreal ecotone
<p>Epiphytes, including bryophytes and lichens, can significantly change the water interception and storage capacities of forest canopies. However, despite some understanding of this role, empirical evaluations of canopy and bole community water storage capacity by epiphytes are still quite limited. Epiphyte communities are shaped by both microclimate and host plant identity, and so the canopy and bole community storage capacity might also be expected to vary across similar spatial scales. We estimated canopy and bole community cover and biomass of bryophytes and lichens from ground-based surveys across a temperate-boreal ecotone in continental North America (Minnesota). Multiple forest types were studied at each site, to separate stand level and latitudinal effects. Biomass was converted into potential canopy and bole community storage on the basis of water-holding capacity measurements of dominant taxa. Bole biomass and potential water storage was a much larger contributor than outer canopy. Biomass and water storage capacity varied greatly, ranging from 9 to &gt;900kg ha<sup>–1</sup> and 0.003 to 0.38 mm, respectively. These values are lower than most reported results for temperate forests, which have emphasized coastal and old-growth forests. Variation was greatest within sites and appeared to reflect the strong effects of host tree identity on epiphyte communities, with conifer-dominated plots hosting more lichen-dominated epiphyte communities with lower potential water storage capacity. These results point to the challenges of estimating and incorporating epiphyte contributions to canopy hydrology from stand metrics. Further work is also needed to improve estimates of canopy epiphytes, including crustose lichens.</p>
Genetic basis of growth reaction to drought stress differs in contrasting high-latitude treeline ecotones of a widespread conifer
<p>Raw and filtered SNP data and raw tree ring data of the analysed trees. R scripts for SNP filtering, phenotypic data and genotype-phenotype association analysis. </p>
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