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10 results for “Ectopleura”
Figure 4A-I. Ectopleura exxonia. A in Five athecate hydroids (hydrozoa: anthoathecata) from south-eastern australia
Figure 4A-I. Ectopleura exxonia. A, proximal stem and hydrorhiza; B, hydranth with immature gonophores (after Watson, 1978); C, cluster of developing gonophores; D, developing gonophore at base of aboral tentacle; E, F, apical process on nearly mature gonophore; G, stenotele from aboral tentacle; H, stenotele from oral tentacle; I, heteroneme from tentacles. Scale bar: A, B, 1 mm, C, 0.2 mm, D, 0.3 mm, G−I, 10 µm.
Data from: Non-clonal coloniality: genetically chimeric colonies through fusion of sexually produced polyps in the hydrozoan Ectopleura larynx
Hydrozoans typically develop colonies through asexual budding of polyps. Although colonies of Ectopleura are similar to other hydrozoans in that they consist of multiple polyps physically connected through continuous epithelia and shared gastrovascular cavity, Ectopleura larynx does not asexually bud polyps indeterminately. Instead, after an initial phase of limited budding in a young colony, E. larynx achieves its large colony size through the aggregation and fusion of sexually (non-clonally) produced polyps. The apparent chimerism within a physiologically integrated colony presents a potential source of conflict between distinct genetic lineages, which may vary in their ability to access the germline. In order to determine the extent to which the potential for genetic conflict exists, we characterized the types of genetic relationships between polyps within colonies, using a RAD-Seq approach. Our results indicate that E. larynx colonies are indeed comprised of polyps that are clones and sexually reproduced siblings and offspring, consistent with their life history. In addition, we found that colonies also contain polyps that are genetically unrelated, and that estimates of genome-wide relatedness suggests a potential for conflict within a colony. Taken together, our data suggests that there are distinct categories of relationships in colonies of E. larynx, likely achieved though a range of processes including budding, regeneration and fusion of progeny and unrelated polyps, with the possibility for a genetic conflict resolution mechanism. Together these processes contribute to the re-evolution of the ecologically important trait of coloniality in E. larynx.
Data from: Non-clonal coloniality: genetically chimeric colonies through fusion of sexually produced polyps in the hydrozoan Ectopleura larynx
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FIGURE 6 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 6. Principal component analyses (PCA) for cnidome (A) and morphology (B). Note that the minimum and maximum cases in A (arrows) do not match with minimum and maximum cases in B. Most similar cases marked by dashed circles.
FIGURE 7. Haplotype parsimony networks for ITS1 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 7. Haplotype parsimony networks for ITS1+5.8S (A) and COI (B) for the different populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Black circles for the Argentine haplotypes, white ones for Brazilian localities; the sizes of the circles are proportional to the number of localities sharing the haplotype; small black circles represent hypothetical or unsampled haplotypes. Lines connecting circles represent one substitution step. Note that A BO/MP samples differ from JU/PA/BO only by an indel of three base pairs (AAT/– – –). Locality codes are represented inside the circles as MA: Macaé, JU: Juréia, PA: Paraná, BO: Bombas, MP: Mar del Plata.
FIGURE 2 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 2. Sampled localities of the specimens used in morphological and molecular analyses. White circles are localities whose samples were used in morphological analyses; black circles for both morphological and molecular analyses; grey circle for molecular analyses only. RJ—State of Rio de Janeiro; SP—State of São Paulo, PR—State of Paraná, SC—State of Santa Catarina.
FIGURE 3 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 3. Different types of nematocysts documented under light microscopy. A: O-basitrichous isorhizas, B: basitrichous isorhizas, C: desmonemes, D: large stenoteles, E: small stenoteles.
FIGURE 1 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 1. Worldwide distribution of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (data from Agassiz 1862; Allman 1871; Allen 1900; Torrey 1902; Stechow 1907, 1925; Hargitt 1927; Ewer 1953; Millard 1959, 1966, 1975; Yamada 1959; Rees 1963; Brinckmann-Voss 1970; Calder 1971; Schmidt 1971; Watson 1980, 1982; Migotto & da Silveira 1987; Hirohito 1988; Petersen 1990; Schuchert 1996; Bouillon et al. 2004; Genzano 2005).
FIGURE 5. Histological sections documented under light microscopy. A in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 5. Histological sections documented under light microscopy. A: transversal section at the base of oral tentacles, where they are still adnate to hypostome. B: transversal section of the oral tentacles showing their circular shape. C: oblique section of the aboral tentacles showing the squared section of the cells constituting that. D: transversal section at distal region of hydrocaulus showing its division into two longitudinal chambers. Legends on figures: HO, hypostome; OT, oral tentacle; AT, aboral tentacle; S, septum; C, chamber; P, perisarc.
FIGURE 4 in A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 4. Morphological traits of gonophores (A–D, scanning electronic microscopy) and actinulae (E, light microscopy). A: Oral-lateral view of the hydranth with its blastostyles of male gonophores. B: Detail of the blastostyles with male gonophores. C: Female gonophore with the apical crests on top. D: Female gonophore liberating an actinula. E: Liberated actinula with capitate aboral tentacles. Legends on figures: Gn, gonophore; Ac, actinulae; S, spadix.
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