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38 results for “Edwardsiidae”
FIG. 10 in Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland
FIG. 10. Phylogenetic reconstruction from maximum likelihood analysis using focused dataset of 18S sequences for members of Suborder Anenthemonae. Colored lines represent actiniarian suborders; dashed boxes represent Anenthemonae superfamilies. Bootstrap resampling values indicated above branches; only support values>50% are shown.
Fig. 1 in Re-description of Metedwardsia akkeshi (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), Discovered in Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Almost 80 Years after Original Description, with a Revision of the Diagnosis of Genus Metedwardsia
Fig. 1. Location of sites where Metedwardsia akkeshi specimens were collected. A, localities where Metedwardsia akkeshi were collected in Hokkaido, Japan. Sites in Nemuro are indicated by black arrows (Lake Onne-to and Lake Furen); B, enlarged map of Akkeshi. Collection sites in Akkeshi are indicated by black arrows (Akkeshi Bay and Lake Akkeshi); C, the Chikarakotan mud flat of Lake Akkeshi; D, Shinryuhama Beach of Akkeshi Bay (image courtesy of Naoto Jimi); E, mud flat near the Onne-to Ohashi Bridge, Lake Onne-to.
Fig. 4 in Re-description of Metedwardsia akkeshi (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), Discovered in Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Almost 80 Years after Original Description, with a Revision of the Diagnosis of Genus Metedwardsia
Fig. 4. Cnidae of Metedwardsia akkeshi (NSMT-Co 1605). A, tentacle spirocyst; B, tentacle basitrich; C, actinopharynx basitrich; D, actinopharynx microbasic b-mastigophore; E, column basitrich; F, filament basitrich; G, filament microbasic b-mastigophore; H, filament microbasic amastigophore.
Fig. 3 in Re-description of Metedwardsia akkeshi (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), Discovered in Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Almost 80 Years after Original Description, with a Revision of the Diagnosis of Genus Metedwardsia
Fig. 3. Tentacular and mesenterial arrangement of Metedwardsia akkeshi. Schematic diagram depicting a cross-section of mesenterial and tentacular arrangement. The 24 tentacles are arranged in three cycles, consisting of an inner six (white), middle six (grey), and outer twelve (black). Abbreviations: Ac, actinopharynx; dd, dorsal directives; dlm, dorso-lateral mesenteries; mi, microcneme; vd, ventral directives; vlm, ventro-lateral directives.
Fig. 2 in Re-description of Metedwardsia akkeshi (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), Discovered in Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Almost 80 Years after Original Description, with a Revision of the Diagnosis of Genus Metedwardsia
Fig. 2. Outer and inner views of Metedwardsia akkeshi. A, outer view of Metedwardsia akkeshi (NSMT-Co 1605); B, outer view of live specimen (NSMT-Co 1606); C, oral view (NSMT-Co 1606); D, longitudinal section of oral part of M. akkeshi (NSMT-Co 1605, same hereafter); E, transversal section of actinopharynx and column; F, transversal section of tentacle; G, transversal section of a mesentery and parietal basal muscle; H, transversal section of mesenteries, gonads, and filaments; I, enlarged view of mesenteries. J, transversal section of physa. Abbreviations: Ac, actinopharynx; Fi, filament; Ma, macrocneme; Me, mesoglea; Mi, microcneme; Ov, ovary; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Rm, retractor muscle; Scl, scapulus; Scs, scapus; Te, tentacle; Tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale: 5 mm in A–C; 1 mm in D, E, H; 500 µm in J; 100 µm in F, G, I.
FIGURE 5 in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I– O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic pmastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx.
FIGURE 2. Actiniarian musculature. A in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 2. Actiniarian musculature. A. Cross section of mesentery of Anthopleura thallia Gosse, 1854. Small free flap (= pennon) of retractor muscle indicated by asterisk. B. Cross section of retractor muscle of Edwardsia claparedii Andres, 1880. Symbols and orientation as in Fig. 2A: the body wall is to the left of the figure, the coelenteron is to the right. Note that the pennon (indicated by asterisk) is almost equal in size to the rest of the retractor muscle, in contrast with that of Fig. 2A. C. Cross section of parietobasilar muscle of A. thallia. White arrow indicates pennon created by obliquelyoriented muscle.
FIGURE 6 in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 6. Edwardsia mcmurrichi sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175239. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175328. Scale bar = 300 μm. C. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175328. Black arrow demarcates physa; note region of physal epidermis missing. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175328. Scale bar = 100 μm. E. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175328. Note relatively thick mesoglea and relatively thin epidermis. Scale bar = 200 m. F–M, Cnidae. Scale bar below I and J = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. F. Large spirocyst. G. Large basitrich of tentacle. H. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. I. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in filaments. J. Microbasic pmastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. K. Large basitrich of filament. L. Basitrich (or pterotrich?) of nemathybome. M. Small spirocyst.
FIGURE 4 in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 4. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175201. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 4A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 150 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. F. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175205. Black arrow indicates junction between scapus and physa. Scale bar = 500 m. G–M, Cnidae. Scale bar in M = 20 μm, applies to all capsules unless otherwise indicated. G. Spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Exploded pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar = 10 μm. J. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. K. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. L. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. M. Pterotrich of nemathybome. N. Pterotrichs in situ in nemathybome. Scale bar = 100 μm.
FIGURE 9 in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 9. Paraedwardsia heia sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 15217. Scale bar = 10 mm. B Cross section of parietal muscle. Scale bar = 150 μm. C. Cross section of retractor muscle. Scale bar = 150 μm. D–G, Cnidae. Scale bar below E = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. D. Spirocyst. E. Large basitrich of tentacle. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filament and actinopharynx. F. Small basitrich of tentacle. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments and actinopharynx. G. Microbasic pmastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx.
FIGURE 10 in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 10. Scolanthus scamiti sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175229. Scale bar = 2 mm. B. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175232. Scale bar = 300 μm. C. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175232. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Detail of Fig. 10A, showing nemathybomes at aboral end. E. Crosssection through scapus, showing nemathybome, CAS 175232. Scale bar = 250 μm. F–O, Cnidae. Scale bar in K = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. F. Spirocyst. G. Large basitrich of tentacle. H. Microbasic pmastigophore of filament. I. Small basitrich of tentacle. Cnidae of similar morphology found in filaments. J. Large basitrich of filament. K. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. L. Discharging basitrich of nemathybome. M. Discharging basitrich of nemathybome. Note small flaps at capsule apex. N. Discharged tubule of nemathybome basitrich, showing spination at proximal end. O. Microbasic pmastigophore in situ in filament. P. Nemathybome with basitrichs in situ.
FIGURE 1 in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 1. Comparative external anatomy of Edwardsiidae from southern and central California. Scale bar = 5 mm. A. Edwardsia californica (McMurrich, 1913). B. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. C. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. D. Edwardsia mcmurrichi sp. nov. E. Edwardsia olguini sp. nov. F. Edwardsia profunda sp. nov. G. Paraedwardsia heia sp. nov. H. Scolanthus scamiti sp. nov. I. Scolanthus triangulus sp. nov.
FIGURE 3 in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 3. Edwardsia californica (McMurrich, 1913). A. External anatomy, syntype USNM 30716. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Cross section of retractor muscle, syntype SMNH 12830. Note size and development of retractor pennon (black arrow). Scale bar = 750 μm. C. Nemathybome containing pterotrichs, syntype SMNH 12830. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, syntype SMNH 12830. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Spirocyst. Scale bar as for H–L. F. Pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar as for H–L. G. Detail of Fig. 3A, showing nemathybomes on scapus (white arrows). H–L. Cnidae. Scale bar between F and L = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. H. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. I. Basitrich of tentacle. J. Microbasic tmastigophore (telotrich) of nemathybome. K. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. L. Microbasic pmastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx.
FIGURE 11 in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 11. Scolanthus triangulus sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175210. Scale bar = 2 mm. B. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175207. Scale bar = 150 μm. C. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175207. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175207. Note nemathybomes at proximalmost point and dark peridermal layer covering aboral epidermis. Scale bar = 500 μm. E. Basitrich of nemathybome. Scale bar as in G–M. F. Cross section through scapus, showing nemathybomes. Scale bar = 300 m. G–M, Cnidae. Scale bar in J = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. G. Large spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. I. Large basitrich of tentacle. J. Large basitrich of filament. K. Small spirocyst. L. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. M. Small basitrich of tentacle.
FIGURE 8 in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 8. Edwardsia profunda sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175213. Scale bar = 2 mm. B. Cross section of scapus, showing cluster of nemathybomes, CAS 175214. Scale bar = 200 μm. C. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175214. Scale bar = 400 μm. D. Detail of Fig. 8A, showing physa. E. Pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar as in H–L. F. Large basitrich of filament. Scale bar as in H–L. G. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175214. Scale bar = 200 μm. H–L, Cnidae. Scale bar after L = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. H. Small basitrich of tentacle. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Microbasic pmastigophore of filament. L. Small basitrich of filament.
FIGURE 7 in Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 7. Edwardsia olguini sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175216. Scale bar = 5 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 7A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end. White arrow demarcates physa. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. D. Detail of Fig. 7A, showing retracted aboral end. Physa completely retracted inside proximal column. E. Cross section through parietal muscle CAS 175252. Scale bar = 100 µm. F. Cross section through retractor muscle, CAS 175252. Scale bar = 150 µm. GN, Cnidae. Scale bar in N = 20 µm, applies to all capsules. G. Large basitrich of nemathybome. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Small basitrich of tentacle. J. Spirocyst. K. Large spirocyst. L. Microbasic pmastigophore of actinopharynx. M. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Small basitrich of nemathybome.
Supplementary material 1 from: Izumi T, Fujii T (2021) Gems of the southern Japanese seas – four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
The correct shape of Maximum-likelihood tree of the order Actiniaria based on the combined dataset of mitochondrial 12S and 16S and nuclear 18S rDNA (total 2866 bp)
FIGURE 4 in Two species of Edwardsia having gigantic nematocysts, E. aff. tuberculata and E. alternobomen sp. nov. (Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria; Edwardsiidae) from Japan
FIGURE 4. Cnidae of Edwardsia aff. tuberculata and Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–D: cnidae of Edwardsia aff. tuberculata (NSMT-Co 1654). A, tentacle; A1, spirocyst; A2, basitrich. B, actinopharynx; B1, spirocyst; B2, small basitrich; B3, large basitrich; B4, microbasic p-mastigophore. C, nemathybome; C1, small basitrich; C2, large basitrich. D, filament; D1, basitrich; D2, small microbasic b-mastigophore; D3, large microbasic b-mastigophore. E–H: cnidae of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. (NSMT-Co 1656). E, tentacle; E1, spirocyst; E2, small basitrich; E3, large basitrich. F, actinopharynx; F1, basitrich; F2, microbasic p-mastigophore. G, nemathybome; G1, small basitrich; G2, large basitrich. H, filament; H1, spirocyst; H2, basitrich. All images are shown at the same scale.
FIGURE 3 in Two species of Edwardsia having gigantic nematocysts, E. aff. tuberculata and E. alternobomen sp. nov. (Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria; Edwardsiidae) from Japan
FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H.
FIGURE 2 in Two species of Edwardsia having gigantic nematocysts, E. aff. tuberculata and E. alternobomen sp. nov. (Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria; Edwardsiidae) from Japan
FIGURE 2. External view and histological section of Edwardsia aff. tuberculata Duben and Koren, 1847. A and B, External view of NSMT-Co 1654; A. Preserved specimen (dissected into two halves) B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes. C–H, histological section of NSMT-Co 1654; C. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. D. Transverse section of upper part. E. Enlarged view of a mesentery. F. Transverse section of lower part of body. G. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. H. longitudinal section of lowermost part. Abbreviations: dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Me, mesoglea; Ne, nemathybome; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Te, tentacle; vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H.
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