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Fig. 2 in Genetic Differences Among The E. Argentella And E. Bifasciella Species Groups (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae)

Fig. 2. Dendrogram of 7 Elachista populiations based on Nei's genetic distance (1979) according to eight RAPD primers using UPGMA method. The marking of populations shown in the Table 1.

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Fig. 1 in Genetic Differences Among The E. Argentella And E. Bifasciella Species Groups (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae)

Fig. 1. Reproducibility of RAPD fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting for different samples of Elachista species were obtained by PCR with primer OPA-09. M lines – 100bp marker; 1-17 lines DNA fingerprints from different samples.

Figs 55–58 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 55–58. Elachista phichaiensis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., male genitalia, holotype, ♂ (MZHVS3/2.11.18, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal). 55. Juxta, lateral view. 56. Distal part of phallus. 57. Uncus lobes, dorsal view. 58. Distal part of abdomen. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figs 40–43 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 40–43. Elachista capricornis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov. 40–41. Male paratype. 40. Adult. 41. Head, latero-frontal view. 42–43. Holotype, ♂ (MZH VS2/21.11.18). 42. General view of male genitalia (phallus removed). 43. Phallus. Scale bars: 40–41 = 1 mm; 42–43 = 0.1 mm.

Figs 28–34 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 28–34. Elachista pellineni Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., male genitalia, holotype, ♂ (MZH VS2/23.11.18, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal). 28. Lateral view. 29. Juxta, lateral view. 30. Proximal part of phallus. 31. Distal part of phallus. 32. Juxta region and gnathos. 33. Uncus lobes, dorsal view. 34. Distal part of abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figs 18–23 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 18–23. Elachista oryx Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., genitalia, holotype, ♂ (MZH VS1/23.11.18, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal). 18. Lateral view. 19. Juxta, lateral view. 20. Proximal part of phallus. 21. Distal part of phallus. 22. Uncus lobes, dorsal view. 23. Distal part of abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figs 1–6 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 1–6. Urodeta longa Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (MZH VS1/29.03.19, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal). 1. Adult. 2. Head, latero-frontal view. 3. Caudal part of female genitalia. 4. Ductus and corpus bursae. 5. Papillae anales and apophyses, dorsal view. 6. Antrum, lateral view. Scale bars: 1–2 = 1 mm; 3–6 = 0.1 mm.

Figs 7–10 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 7–10. Elachista buszkoi Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZH VS1/2.04.19). 7. Adult. 8. Head, latero-frontal view. 9. General view of male genitalia (phallus removed). 10. Phallus. Scale bars: 7–8 = 1 mm; 9–10 = 0.1 mm.

Figs 70–73 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 70–73. Elachista siamensis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (ZMUC 2075). 70. Adult. 71. Head, latero-frontal view. 72. Female genitalia, caudal part. 73. Ductus and corpus bursae. Scale bars: 70–71 = 1 mm; 72–73 = 0.1 mm.

Figs 67–69 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 67–69. Elachista siamensis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ZMUC 2070). 67. Adult. 68. Head, latero-frontal view. 69. General view of male genitalia. Scale bars: 67–68 = 1 mm; 69 = 0.1 mm.

Figs 59–62 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 59–62. Elachista sp. (MZH VS3/29.03.19). 59. Adult female. 60. Head, latero-frontal view. 61. Female genitalia, caudal part. 62. Ductus and corpus bursae. Scale bars: 59–60 = 1 mm; 61– 62 = 0.1 mm.

Figs 44–50 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 44–50. Elachista capricornis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., male genitalia. 44–46, 48–49. Paratype, ♂ (MZH VS2/22.11.18, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal). 44. Lateral view. 45. Juxta and gnathos, lateral view. 46. Proximal part of phallus. 47, 50. Holotype, ♂ (MZH VS2/21.11.18, in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal). 47. Distal part of phallus. 48. Juxta region. 49. Uncus lobes, dorsal view. 50. Distal part of abdomen. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figs 63–66 in The Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) of Thailand, with description of eight new species

Figs 63–66. Elachista loeiensis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ZMUC 2073). 63. Adult male. 64. Head, latero-frontal view. 65. General view of male genitalia (phallus removed). 66. Phallus. Scale bars: 63–64 = 1 mm; 65–66 = 0.1 mm.

Figs. 41–45. Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897 in A morphological reappraisal of the immature stages and life history of Elachista synethes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae), an Australian leaf miner alien to Chile

Figs. 41–45. Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897. Life history: 41, mine on leaf of Bromus catharticus, Azapa Valley, Arica municipality, Chile (open arrows indicate empty chorion and beginning of linear section of the mine; closed arrow indicates last-instar larva visible through transparent blotch section of the mine); 42, egg on leaf upper surface; 43, young mine in detail (open and closed arrows indicate respectively the empty chorion and first-instar larva seen by transparence); 44, last-instar larva weaving the cocoon; 45, pupa seen by transparence within cocoon. Scale bars = 2, 0.5, 0.5, and 1 mm, respectively.

Figs. 14–25. Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897 in A morphological reappraisal of the immature stages and life history of Elachista synethes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae), an Australian leaf miner alien to Chile

Figs. 14–25. Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897. Scanning electron micrographs of last larval instar: 14, head, lateral view; 15, stemmata, lateral; 16, antenna, lateral; 17, head and prothorax, dorsal; 18, labrum and dorsal stemmata in detail, dorsal; 19, maxilla and labium, ventral; 20, prothorax, ventral; 21, detail of prothorax left portion, dorsal; 22, spiracle of abdominal segment A1, lateral; 23, prothoracic leg, posterolateral; 24, proleg of abdominal segment A4, ventral; 25, last abdominal segments, lateral. Scale bars = 100, 15, 10, 200, 50, 20, 150, 50, 20, 50, 50 and 100 µm, respectively.

Figs. 5–9. Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897 in A morphological reappraisal of the immature stages and life history of Elachista synethes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae), an Australian leaf miner alien to Chile

Figs. 5–9. Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897.First larval instar: 5, general, dorsal view; 6, head, ventral; 7, mouth parts, ventral; 8, antenna, laterodorsal; 9, prothoracic spiracle, anterolateral. Scale bars = 100, 25, 5, 5 and 2 µm, respectively.

Figs. 26–28. Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897. 26 in A morphological reappraisal of the immature stages and life history of Elachista synethes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae), an Australian leaf miner alien to Chile

Figs. 26–28. Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897. 26, pupa in dorsal, 27, ventral and 28, lateral views, respectively. Scale bar = 300 µm.

Figs. 1–4. Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897 in A morphological reappraisal of the immature stages and life history of Elachista synethes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae), an Australian leaf miner alien to Chile

Figs. 1–4. Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897. Egg: 1, dorsolateral view; 2, chorionic cells showing location of aeropyles (indicated by closed arrow in Fig. 1); 3, micropylar region (indicated by open arrow in Fig. 1); 4, aeropyle in detail. Scale bars = 50, 10, 5 and 1 µm, respectively.

Figs. 46–47 in A morphological reappraisal of the immature stages and life history of Elachista synethes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae), an Australian leaf miner alien to Chile

Figs. 46–47. Transverse histological sections of leaf of Bromus catharticus, showing the organization levels of mine of Elachista synethes Meyrick, 1897 in relation to larval ontogeny: 46, first instar, initial, linear section of mine; 47, last instar, final, blotch section of mine. Asterisks indicate leaf mines.Ab abaxial surface of epidermis; Ad adaxial surface of epidermis; Me mesophyll; Ph phloem; Sc sclerenchyma; Xy xylem. Scale bars = 150 and 400 µm, respectively.