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183 results for “Elasmopus”
Marine amphipods as a new live prey for ornamental aquaculture: exploring the potential of Parhyale hawaiensis and Elasmopus pectenicrus
<p>Supplementary data from the scientific paper contribution " Marine amphipods as a new live prey for ornamental aquaculture: exploring the potential of Parhyale hawaiensis and Elasmopus pectenicrus".</p> <p> </p> <p>Marine amphipods are gaining attention in aquaculture as a natural live food alternative to traditional preys such as <em>Artemia</em>, as they are rich in essential nutrients such as the lipids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are an important natural diet of many marine fish of commercial interest, and are relatively easy to culture in large numbers. However, there are no established culture techniques and a deeper knowledge on the reproductive biology, nutritional profiles and culture methodologies is still needed to potentiate the optimization of mass production. The present study assessed for the first time the aquaculture potential of <em>Parhyale hawaiensis</em> and <em>Elasmopus pectenicrus</em>, two cosmopolitan marine gammarids (as per traditional schemes of classification) that naturally proliferate in the wild and in aquaculture facilities. For that purpose, aspects of the population and reproductive biology of wild populations were characterized and then a series of laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to determine the amphipod productivity, the time needed to reach sexual maturity by the newborns (generation time), cannibalism degree, the effects of sex ratio on fecundity and the effects of diet (shrimp diet, plant-based diet and commercial fish diet) on fecundity and the juvenile growth. <em>P. hawaiensis</em>, unlike <em>E. pectenicrus</em>, was easily kept and propagated in laboratory conditions, performing exceedingly better than <em>E. pectenicrus</em>. <em>P. hawaiensis </em>showed a higher total length (9.3 ± 1.3 mm), wet weight (14.4 ± 6.2 mg), dry weight (10.5 ± 4.4 mg), females/males sex ratio in the wild (2.24), fecundity (12.8 ± 5.7 embryos per female), and gross energy content (16.71 ± 0.67 kJ g-1) with respect to <em>E. pectenicrus</em>. Although the <em>P. hawaiensis</em> juvenile growth was slightly reduced (marginally significant) by the use of a plant-based diet compared to a commercial shrimp and fish diet, fecundity was not affected, supporting the possible use of inexpensive diets to mass produce amphipods as live or frozen food. Possible limitations identified were their quite long generation times (50.9 ± 5.8 days) and relatively low fecundity levels (12.8 ± 5.7 embryos per female). With an observed productivity rate of 0.36 ± 0.08 juveniles per amphipod couple per day, <em>P. hawaiensis</em> could become a specialty feed for species that cannot easily transition to a formulated diet such as seahorses and other highly-priced marine ornamental species. Future studies should assess the nutritional value and to explore optimized medium- and large-scale production as well as self-producing biofloc systems taking advantage of the great dietary plasticity and environmental tolerance of the species.</p>
FIGURE 7 in Two new species of the genus Elasmopus Costa, 1853 (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Maeridae) from off the Northeast Brazilian Coast
FIGURE 7. Distribution of Elasmopus karamani sp. nov. and E. lejeunei sp. nov.; circle (●): occurrence of E. karamani sp. nov.; triangle (˔): occurrence of E. lejeunei sp. nov.; square (․): occurrence of both species.
FIGURE 6 in Two new species of the genus Elasmopus Costa, 1853 (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Maeridae) from off the Northeast Brazilian Coast
FIGURE 6. Elasmopus lejeunei sp. nov. Holotype, male, 5.2 mm, Rio Grande do Norte State, #BPot 38, 4º47'32"S - 36°50º13"W, 29/IV/2004, MNRJ 21580. Paratype, female, 5.3 mm, Rio Grande do Norte State, # BPot 38, 4º47'32"S - 36°50º13"W, 29/IV/2004, MNRJ 21584. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for mT and fT; 0.2 mm for the remains.
FIGURE 5 in Two new species of the genus Elasmopus Costa, 1853 (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Maeridae) from off the Northeast Brazilian Coast
FIGURE 5. Elasmopus lejeunei sp. nov. Holotype, male, 5.2 mm, Rio Grande do Norte State, #BPot 38, 4º47'32"S - 36°50º13"W, 29/IV/2004, MNRJ 21580. Paratype, female, 5.3 mm, Rio Grande do Norte State, # BPot 38, 4º47'32"S - 36°50º13"W, 29/IV/2004, MNRJ 21584. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of the genus Elasmopus Costa, 1853 (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Maeridae) from off the Northeast Brazilian Coast
FIGURE 4. Elasmopus lejeunei sp. nov. Holotype, male, 5.2 mm, Rio Grande do Norte State, #BPot 38, 4º47'32"S - 36°50º13"W, 29/IV/2004, MNRJ 21580. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of the genus Elasmopus Costa, 1853 (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Maeridae) from off the Northeast Brazilian Coast
FIGURE 3. Elasmopus karamani sp. nov. Holotype, male, 8.5 mm, REVIZEE Score NE, # 85A-III, 3°28'12"S- 35°03'36"W, 04/VI/1998, MNRJ 21571. Paratype, female, 8.1 mm, REVIZEE Score NE, # 85A-III, 3°28'12"S- 35°03'36"W, 04/VI/1998, MNRJ 21578. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of the genus Elasmopus Costa, 1853 (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Maeridae) from off the Northeast Brazilian Coast
FIGURE 1. Elasmopus karamani sp. nov. Holotype, male, 8.5 mm, REVIZEE Score NE, # 85A-III, 3°28'12"S- 35°03'36"W, 04/VI/1998, MNRJ 21571. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of the genus Elasmopus Costa, 1853 (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Maeridae) from off the Northeast Brazilian Coast
FIGURE 2. Elasmopus karamani sp. nov. Holotype, male, 8.5 mm, REVIZEE Score NE, # 85A-III, 3°28'12"S- 35°03'36"W, 04/VI/1998, MNRJ 21571. Paratype, female, 8.1 mm, REVIZEE Score NE, # 85A-III, 3°28'12"S- 35°03'36"W, 04/VI/1998, MNRJ 21578. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 16. Elasmopus oaxaquensis n in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 16. Elasmopus oaxaquensis n. sp., paratype, male, 7.6 mm, UMAR-PERA-280, Aguete, Oaxaca: A) epimeron 3; B) uropod 3; C) telson; D) uropod 1; E) uropod 2; F) lower lip; G) upper lip; H) right mandible; I) maxilla 1. Paratype, male 9.4 mm, UMAR-PERA-278, Zipolite, Oaxaca: J) telson. Paratype, male, 6.6 mm, UMAR-PERA-278, Zipolite, Oaxaca: K) telson. Paratype, female, 7 mm, UMAR-PERA-278, Zipolite, Oaxaca: L) uropod 3; M) telson; N) gnathopod 2, external side; O) gnathopod 2, internal side; P) gnathopod 1, external side; Q) gnathopod 1, internal side; R) maxilla 2; S) maxilliped.
FIGURE 15. Elasmopus oaxaquensis n in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 15. Elasmopus oaxaquensis n. sp., paratype, male, 7.6 mm, UMAR-PERA-280, Aguete, Oaxaca: A) habitus; B) coxa 1; C) coxa 2; D) coxa 3; E) coxa 4; F) accessory flagellum; G) antenna 1; H) antenna 2; I) gnathopod 2, internal side; J) gnathopod 2, external side; K) gnathopod 1, external side; L) gnathopod 1, internal side; M) pereopod 1; N) pereopod 2; O) pereopod 3; P) pereopod 4; Q) pereopod 5.
FIGURE 14. Elasmopus marcelae n in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 14. Elasmopus marcelae n. sp., holotype, male, 5.5 mm, UMAR-PERA-274, La Entrega, Oaxaca: A) maxilla 1; B) maxilla 2; C) pereopod 1; D) pereopod 2; E) left pereopod 3; F) left pereopod 4; G) pereopod 5; H) uropod 1; I) uropod 2; J) telson; K) uropod 3. Paratype, female, 5.7 mm, UMAR-PERA-274, La Entrega, Oaxaca: L) uropod 3; M) telson; N) gnathopod 1, external side; O) gnathopod 1, internal side; P) gnathopod 2, external side; Q) gnathopod 1, internal side.
FIGURE 12. Elasmopus lecroyae n in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 12. Elasmopus lecroyae n. sp., paratype, male, 7.6 mm, UMAR-PERA-267, Puerto Angel, Oaxaca: A) epimera; B) telson; C) pereopod 1; D) pereopod 2; E) pereopod 3; F) pereopod 4; G) pereopod 5; H) lower lip; I) upper lip; J) maxilliped; K) right mandible; L) left lacinia mobilis; M) maxilla 2; N) maxilla 1. Paratype, female, 4.7 mm, UMAR-PERA-270, Estacahuite beach, Oaxaca: O) telson; P) uropod 3; Q) gnathopod 1, external side; R) gnathopod 1, internal side; S) gnathopod 2, external side; T) gnathopod 2, internal side.
FIGURE 11. Elasmopus lecroyae n in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 11. Elasmopus lecroyae n. sp., paratype, male, 7.6 mm, UMAR-PERA-267, Puerto Angel, Oaxaca: A) habitus; B) coxa 1; C) coxa 2; D) coxa 3; E) coxa 4; F) coxa 5; G) coxa 6; H) coxa 7; I) accessory flagellum; J) antenna 1; K) antenna 2; L) gnathopod 2, external side with details of palm margin without setae; M) gnathopod 2, internal side with details of palm margin without setae; N) gnathopod 1, internal side; O) gnathopod 1, external side; P) uropod 1; Q) uropod 2; R) uropod 3.
FIGURE 13. Elasmopus marcelae n in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 13. Elasmopus marcelae n. sp., paratype, female, 5.7 mm, UMAR-PERA-274, from La Entrega, Oaxaca: A) habitus. Holotype, male, 5.5 mm, UMAR-PERA-274, La Entrega, Oaxaca: B) coxa 1; C) coxa 2; D) coxa 3; E) coxa 4; F) coxa 5; G) coxa 6; H) coxa 7; I) accessory flagellum; J) antenna 1; K) antenna 2; L) gnathopod 2, internal side; M) gnathopod 1, external side; N) gnathopod 1, internal side; O) gnathopod 2, external side with details of palm margin without setae; P) epimera; Q) upper lip; R) lower lip; S) right mandible; T) maxilliped.
FIGURE 10. Elasmopus karlae n in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 10. Elasmopus karlae n. sp., holotype, male, 4.9 mm, UMAR-PERA-264, La Tijera, Oaxaca: A) uropod 3; B) telson; C) pereopod 1; D) pereopod 2; E) pereopod 3; F) pereopod 4; G) pereopod 5. Paratype, female, 4 mm, UMAR- PERA-264, La Tijera, Oaxaca: H) upper lip; I) lower lip; J) uropod 3; K) telson; L) maxilliped; M) right mandible; N) maxilla 1; O) maxilla 2; P) gnathopod 1, external side; Q) gnathopod 1, internal side; R) gnathopod 2, external side; R) gnathopod 2, internal side.
FIGURE 9. Elasmopus karlae n in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 9. Elasmopus karlae n. sp., paratype, female, 4 mm, UMAR-PERA-264, from La Tijera, Oaxaca: A) habitus; B) accessory flagellum. Holotype, male, 4.9 mm, UMAR-PERA-264, La Tijera, Oaxaca: C) coxa 1; D) coxa 2; E) coxa 3; F) coxa 4; G) coxa 5; H) coxa 6; I) coxa 7; J) gnathopod 2, internal side; K) gnathopod 2, external side; L) gnathopod 1, internal side; M) epimera; N) uropod 1; O) uropod 2; P) gnathopod 1, external side.
FIGURE 8. Elasmopus bastidai n in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 8. Elasmopus bastidai n. sp., paratype, male, 7.3 mm, UMAR-PERA-251, San Agustinillo beach, Oaxaca: A) pereopod 1; B) pereopod 2; C) pereopod 3; D) pereopod 4; E) pereopod 5; F) uropod 1; G) uropod 2; H) uropod 3; I) telson; J) maxilliped; K) upper lip; L) maxilla 1; M) lower lip. Paratype, female 5.5 mm, UMAR-PERA-251, San Agustinillo beach, Oaxaca: N) maxilla 2; O) palp of right mandible; P) right mandible; Q) telson; R) gnathopod 1, external side S) gnathopod 1, internal side; T) gnathopod 2, external side; U) gnathopod 2, internal side.
FIGURE 7. Elasmopus bastidai n in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 7. Elasmopus bastidai n. sp., paratype, male, 7.3 mm, UMAR-PERA-253, San Agustinillo beach, Oaxaca: A) habitus; B) coxa 1; C) coxa 2; D) coxa 3; E) coxa 4; F) coxa 5; G) coxa 6; H) coxa 7; I) accessory flagellum; J) antenna 1; K) antenna 2; L) gnathopod 2, external side; M) gnathopod 2, internal side of palm with details; N) gnathopod 1, external side; O) gnathopod 1, internal side; P) epimeron 3.
FIGURE 6. Elasmopus zoanthidea Barnard, 1979 in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 6. Elasmopus zoanthidea Barnard, 1979, male, 5.2 mm, UMAR-PERA-248, La Entrega, Oaxaca: A) pereopod 1; B) pereopod 2; C) pereopod 3; D) pereopod 4; E) pereopod 5; F) maxilla 2; G) maxilliped; H) uropod 1; I) uropod 2; J) uropod 3; K) telson. Female, 4.7 mm, UMAR-PERA-248, La Entrega, Oaxaca: L) telson; M) epimera; N) gnathopod 1, external side; O) gnathopod 1, internal side; P) uropod 3; Q) gnathopod 2, external side; R) gnathopod 2, internal side.
FIGURE 3. Elasmopus tubar Barnard, 1979 in Littoral Maeridae and Melitidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Elasmopus tubar Barnard, 1979, male, 6.6 mm, UMAR-PERA-230, Aguete, Oaxaca: A) habitus; B) accessory flagellum; C) antenna 1; D) antenna 2; E) gnathopod 2, external side; F) gnathopod 2, internal side; G) gnathopod 1, external side; H) gnathopod 1, internal side; I) epimera; J) uropod 1; K) uropod 2; L) uropod 3; M) telson.
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