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24 results for “Elbow joint”
Figure 7 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 7. Second principal component (PC2) of extinct giant mustelids and recent carnivorans plotted against body mass (kg). Hand-fitted arrows marking the two trajectories for recent carnivorans (filled circles) are shown. The postulated threshold at 21.5–25 kg, where carnivorans shift from small to large prey (Carbone et al., 1999), is shaded grey.
Figure 6 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 6. Second principal component (PC2) of recent carnivorans plotted against calculated body mass (kg). The postulated threshold at 21.5–25 kg, where carnivorans shift diet from small to large prey (Carbone et al., 1999), is shaded grey. Above this threshold, grapplers are clearly separated from nongrapplers on PC2. Hand-fitted arrows marking the two morphological trajectories, the top one for nongrapplers and the lower one for grapplers, are shown. For body mass see Appendix 1.
Figure 3. Second principal component mapped onto a in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 3. Second principal component mapped onto a composite phylogeny for the order Carnivora. Carnivorans traditionally regarded as primarily using their forelimbs for locomotion (nongrapplers) are written in bold typeface. PC2 largely follows the phylogeny. Transitions are rare, but have occurred, e.g. in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Ancestral stages are reconstructed by minimizing the sum of squared changes. The value for the root is not reconstructed. The phylogeny is a composite from the following sources: Decker & Wozencroft (1991); Bryant, Russell & Fitch (1993); Tedford, Taylor & Wang (1995); Veron (1995); Masuda et al. (1996); Talbot & Shields (1996); Dragoo & Honeycutt (1997); Wayne et al. (1997); Flynn & Nedbal (1998); Seymour (1999); Flynn et al. (2000); Veron & Heard (2000); Gaubert, Veron & Tranier (2002); X. Wang (pers. comm.).
Figure 5 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 5. Moving average of PC2 variance body mass. Variation is low and uniform at small sizes. At around 10 kg variation starts to increase with size. There is a marked decrease in variation around 30–40 kg. The species are ranked according to body size and the average over a moving succession of ten increments calculated.
Figure 2 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 2. Thin-plate spline comparison of wolverine (Gulo gulo) against grey wolf (Canis lupus) graphically illustrating the difference in shape of the distal humerus articulation between carnivorans scoring high (C. lupus) on the second principal component (PC2) and low (G. gulo). The broken line shows the outline of the articulation of G. gulo. The thin-plate spline is calculated from the consensus configurations of the two species (G. gulo, reference species, N = 6; C. lupus, N = 5; Bookstein, 1991) generated through generalized least squares (GLS) orthogonal Procrustes analysis (Rohlf & Slice, 1990).
Figure 1 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 1. Results of the principal component analysis of recent carnivorans. PC1 plotted against PC2 (A), PC2 against PC3 (B). For species scores see Appendix 1.
Limb work and joint work minimisation reveal an energetic benefit to the elbows-back, knees-forward limb design in parasagittal quadrupeds. Supplementary material including data, simulation code and simulation results
<p>Quadrupedal animal locomotion is energetically costly. We explore two forms of mechanical work that may be relevant in imposing these physiological demands. Limb work, due to the forces and velocities between the stance foot and the centre of mass, could theoretically be zero given vertical limb forces and horizontal centre of mass path. To prevent pitching, skewed vertical force profiles would then be required, with forelimb forces high in late stance and hindlimb forces high in early stance. By contrast, joint work – the positive mechanical work performed by the limb joints – would be reduced with forces directed through the hip or shoulder joints. Measured quadruped kinetics show features consistent with compromised reduction of both forms of work, suggesting some degree of, but not perfect, inter-joint energy transfer. The elbows-back, knees-forward design reduces the joint work demand of a low limb-work, skewed, vertical force profile. This geometry allows periods of high force to be supported when the distal segment is near vertical, imposing low moments about the elbow or knee, while the shoulder or hip avoids high joint power despite high moments because the proximal segment barely rotates – translation over this period is due to rotation of the distal segment.</p>
Limb work and joint work minimisation reveal an energetic benefit to the elbows-back, knees-forward limb design in parasagittal quadrupeds. Supplementary material including data, simulation code and simulation results
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Data from: Ecomorphological determinations in the absence of living analogs: the predatory behavior of the marsupial lion (Thylacoleo carnifex) as revealed by elbow-joint morphology
Thylacoleo carnifex, or the "pouched lion" (Mammalia: Marsupialia: Diprotodontia: Thylacoleonidae) was a carnivorous marsupial that inhabited Australia during the Pleistocene. Although today all authors agree that Thylacoleo had a hypercarnivorous diet, the way in which it killed its prey remains uncertain. Here we use geometric morphometrics to capture the shape of the elbow joint (i.e., the posterior articular surface of the distal humerus) in a wide sample of extant mammals of known behavior to determine how elbow anatomy reflects forearm use. We then employ this information to investigate the predatory behavior of Thylacoleo. A Principal Components Analysis indicates that Thylacoleo is the only carnivorous mammal to cluster with extant taxa that have an extreme degree of forearm maneuverability, such as primates and arboreal xenarthrans (pilosans). A Canonical Variates Analysis confirms that Thylacoleo had forearm maneuverability intermediate between wombats (terrestrial) and arboreal mammals, and a much greater degree of maneuverability than any living carnivoran placental. A Linear Discriminant Analysis computed to separate the elbow morphology of arboreal mammals from terrestrial ones shows that Thylacoleo was primarily terrestrial but with some climbing abilities. We infer from our results that Thylacoleo used its forelimbs for grasping or manipulating prey to much higher degree than its supposed extant placental counterpart, the African lion (Panthera leo). The use of the large and retractable claw on the semi-opposable thumb of Thylacoleo for potentially slashing and disemboweling prey is discussed in the light of this new evidence.
The Acute Effect of Foam Rolling on Elbow Joint Sensorimotor Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03516149. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Mulligan Movement Mobilization Technique on Elbow Joint Proprioception
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05261347. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Study of Participants Undergoing Radial Head Replacement Using the DePuy Synthes Radial Head Replacement System for Partial Replacement of the Elbow Joint
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05415592. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 2. Publications: 24.
Total Elbow Replacement in England: Analysis of National Joint Registry and Hospital Episode Statistics Data
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06355011. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Evaluation of Surgical Treatment of Terrible Triade Injury of the Elbow Joint
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04578977. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Contribution of Actigraphy for the Evaluation of Elbow Range of Motion in the Joint Assessment in Gerontology
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01462760. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Ecomorphological determinations in the absence of living analogs: the predatory behavior of the marsupial lion (Thylacoleo carnifex) as revealed by elbow-joint morphology
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 4 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 4. Box-plots of PC2 for recent carnivorans. The largest dispersion is found among the canids, followed by felids and viverrids. The former two are right skewed and the latter left skewed. The cheetah (Felidae) forms an extreme outlier. 'Musteloids' comprise a monophyletic clade including mustelids (weasels, badgers and otters), skunks, the lesser panda (Ailurus fulgens) and procyonids. Box-plots include information on location, dispersion, skewness and tail-shape (McGill, Turkey & Larsen, 1978; Benjamini, 1988). Box heights represent the interquartile range, which comprises 50% of the observations. Boxes are divided by medians (thin lines) and means (thick lines). Whiskers connect boxes to the extremal points within 1.5 interquartile ranges. Points outside these ranges are plotted individually. Dispersion of observation is indicated by box height and skewness, by box and whisker asymmetry.
Multi-Center Trial to Evaluate an Internal Joint Stabilizer - Elbow
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01944670. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effectiveness of Manual Therapy and Strengthening Exercises in Hemophilic Arthropathy of the Elbow Joint
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04308876. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Assessment of Heterotopic Ossification of Elbow Joint in Relation of Serum Uric Acid.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03925688. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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