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8 results for “Eltonian niche”
Data from: Unveiling the food webs of tetrapods across Europe through the prism of the Eltonian niche
<p>Aim</p> <p>Despite the recent calls on integrating the interaction networks into the study of large‐scale biodiversity patterns, we still lack a basic understanding of the functional characteristics of large interaction networks and how they are structured across environments. Here, building on recent advances in network science around the Eltonian niche concept, we aim to characterize the trophic groups in a large food web, and understand how these trophic groups vary across space.</p> <p>Location</p> <p>Europe and Anatolia.</p> <p>Taxon</p> <p>Tetrapods (1,136 species).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We combined an expert‐based metaweb of all European tetrapods with their spatial distributions and biological traits. To understand the functional structure of the metaweb, we first used a stochastic block model to group species with similar Eltonian niches, and then analysed these groups with species' functional traits and network metrics. We then combined these groups with species distributions to understand how trophic diversity varies across space, in function of the environment, and between the European ecoregions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We summarized the 1,136 interacting species within the metaweb into 46 meaningful trophic groups of species with a similar role in the metaweb. Specific aspects of the ecology of species, such as their activity time, nesting habitat and diet explained these trophic groups. Across space, trophic diversity was driven by both biotic and abiotic factors (species richness, climate and primary productivity), and the representation of trophic groups differed among European ecoregions.</p> <p>Main conclusions</p> <p>We have characterized the Eltonian niche of species in a large food web, both in terms of species interactions and functional traits, and then using this to understand the spatial variation of food webs at a functional level, thus bringing together network science, functional ecology and biogeography. Our results highlight the need to integrate multiple aspects of species ecology in global change research. Further, our approach is strongly relevant for conservation biology as it could help predict the impact of species translocations on trophic diversity.</p>
Data from: Unveiling the food webs of tetrapods across Europe through the prism of the Eltonian niche
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Data from: Global test of Eltonian niche conservatism of nonnative freshwater fish species between their native and introduced ranges
Despite growing evidence that biotic interactions limit the distribution of species and their potential redistribution under climate change, the recent surge of interest in niche conservatism has predominantly focused on the Grinellian (abiotic) niche, whereas few studies have attempted to quantify potential lability in the Eltonian (biotic or trophic) niche. Here, we test for conservatism in the Eltonian niche of 32 freshwater fish species between their introduced and native ranges from 435 populations across the globe. We used stable isotope data to quantify niche shifts along the horizontal (δ13C: indicating the origin of the resources consumed) and vertical (δ15N: describing the trophic position) dimensions of the isotopic niche, as well as shifts in overall isotopic niche breadth. Using an assemblage centroid standardized isotope vector analysis and controlling for phylogenetic relatedness among species, we demonstrated that introduced freshwater fishes exhibited flexibility in both resource use and trophic position that was beyond levels of natural variability observed in their native ranges. By contrast, niche breadth showed variability only within the limits recorded in native populations and varied independently from shifts in mean isotopic niche positions. Across all species and introduction histories, we found a consistent shift towards more balanced acquisition of resources with mixed origins and at intermediate trophic positions, suggesting a general mechanism by which fish species successfully establish into recipient communities. The mechanisms that promote or inhibit species from shifting their Eltonian niche remains unknown, but trophic flexibility is likely to contribute to both the success and the ecological impacts of invasive species and range shifts of native species under future global change.
Data for: Reflections of Grinnellian and Eltonian niches on the distribution of phyllostomid bats in Atlantic Forest of South America
<p>Abstract</p> <p><b>Aim: </b>Ecological niches are complex and the product of interactions with biotic and abiotic environments across the entire geographic range of species. One recent distinction is between Grinnellian niche characteristics that reflect influences at large spatial scales such as climate and Eltonian niche characteristics that reflect influences at the local level such as distribution of resources and how they are shared among species. Aims of this research were to estimate Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics of phyllostomid bats distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest, examine degree of phylogenetic non-independence of distribution and niche characteristics, and estimate relative contribution of niche characteristics to distribution of bats across this large Neotropical region.\</p> <p><b>Location: </b>The Atlantic Forest</p> <p>T<b>axon:</b> Phyllostomid bats</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Canonical correlation analysis was used to characterize association between Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics. Phylogenetic non-independence was estimated with phylogenetic eigenvector regression. Variation partitioning was used to distinguish relative contributions of different niche characteristics to distribution of bats.</p> <p><b>Results: </b> Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics were strongly and significantly associated. Phylogenetic signal was weak for Grinnellian and strong for Eltonian niche characteristics. Both suites accounted for significant unique variation in distribution of phyllostomid bats in the Atlantic Forest. Grinnellian niche characteristics accounted for more than five times the variation in distribution than Eltonian characteristics.</p> <p><b>Main Conclusions: </b> Distinct Grinnellian and Eltonian perspectives on the niche provide valuable insights into the distribution of species. The degree to which these two different set of characteristics account for distribution is likely scale dependent with Grinnellian characteristics more important at geographic spatial scales and Eltonian characteristics more important at local spatial scales. Grinnellian and Eltonian niches are important corollaries of α- and β- niches and their associated traits and similarities and differences in the two distinct concepts should be better explored across different taxa and geographic domains.</p>
Data from: Global test of Eltonian niche conservatism of nonnative freshwater fish species between their native and introduced ranges
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Data for: Reflections of Grinnellian and Eltonian niches on the distribution of phyllostomid bats in Atlantic Forest of South America
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Supporting data to: Evolution of realized Eltonian niches across Rajidae species
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The notion that closely related species resemble each other in ecological niche space (<i>i.e.</i>, phylogenetic dependence) has been a longstanding, contentious paradigm in evolutionary biology, the incidence of which is important for predicting the ecosystem-level effects of species loss. Despite being examined across a multitude of terrestrial taxa, many aspects of niche conservatism have yet to be explored in marine species, especially for characteristics related to resource use and trophic behavior (Eltonian niche characteristics, ENCs). We combined ENCs derived from stable isotope ratios at assemblage- and species-levels with phylogenetic comparative methods to test the hypotheses that benthic marine fishes: 1) will exhibit similar assemblage-wide ENCs regardless of geographic location, and 2) will display phylogenetically dependent ENCs at the species-level. We used a 12-species sub-set of the monophyletic group <i>Rajidae</i> sampled from three independent assemblages (Central California, Gulf of Alaska, and Northwest Atlantic), which span two ocean basins. Assemblage-level ENCs implied low trophic diversity and high evenness, suggesting that <i>Rajidae </i>assemblages may exhibit a well-defined trophic role, a trend consistent regardless of geographic location. At the species-level we found evidence for phylogenetic dependence of ENCs relating to trophic diversity (<i>i.e.,</i> isotopic niche width [SEAc]). Whether individuals can be considered functional equivalents across assemblages is hard to ascertain because we did not detect a significant phylogenetic signal for ENCs relating to trophic function (<i>e.g.,</i> trophic position). Thus, additional, complimentary approaches are required to further examine the phylogenetic dependence of species functionality. Our approach illustrates the potential of stable isotope derived niche characteristics to provide insight on macroecological processes occurring across evolutionary time, which could help predict how assemblages may respond to the effects of species loss. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Supporting data to: Evolution of realized Eltonian niches across Rajidae species
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